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    Constitutional Profile of the National Guarantor for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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    With Legislative Decree no. 20 of 5 February 2024, Italy established the National Guarantor for the rights of persons with disabilities. This paper aims to define the role of this newly created institution within the constitutional framework and the broader national and international system of authorities tasked with safeguarding the rights of vulnerable individuals.Con il decreto legislativo 5 febbraio 2024, n. 20, ha preso vita anche in Italia il Garante nazionale dei diritti delle persone con disabilità. Il presente contributo si propone di definire il ruolo della neonata istituzione alla luce del quadro costituzionale e nel sistema complessivo, anche internazionale, delle altre Autorità di garanzia poste a tutela dei diritti dei soggetti vulnerabili

    The Words of Disability and the “Baseline Assessment”: Lights and Shadows of the Changes Introduced by Decree 62/2024

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    The Legislative Decree 62 of 2024 lies at the core of the reform initiated by Law 227 of 2021, commonly known as the Delegation Law on disability matters. Among its many provisions, it introduces a new definition of “disability condition” and significantly changes the current procedures for its assessment. In contrast to the procedures outlined by Law 104 of 1992 (the well-known Framework Law), the decree introduces the concept of “basic assessment”, which undoubtedly marks a clear shift in perspective that aligns more closely with the principles established by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of 2006, which Italy ratified in 2009. This contribution aims to highlight the notable formal aspects that characterize these legislative innovations, while also addressing the current challenges that reveal a concerning gap between the legislator\u27s declared intentions and their actual implementation.Il decreto legislativo 62 del 2024 rappresenta il cuore della riforma prevista dalla legge 227 del 2021, meglio conosciuta come legge delega in materia di disabilità. Tra le sue molteplici previsioni, sono contemplate anche una nuova definizione della “condizione di disabilità” e un significativo cambiamento delle attuali modalità relative al suo accertamento, laddove, in luogo delle procedure previste dalla legge 104 del 1992 (la nota legge quadro), viene introdotta la “valutazione di base”, che senza dubbio incarna un cambio di prospettiva maggiormente allineato ai principi sanciti dalla Convenzione Onu del 2006, ratificata nel nostro Paese nel 2009. In questo contributo si cercherà di dare rilievo agli apprezzabili aspetti formali che connotano queste “novità” legislative, tuttavia dando al contempo conto delle attuali criticità che sembrano segnare una preoccupante distanza tra gli intenti dichiarati dal legislatore e la loro concreta attuazione

    Secondary victimisation in cases of violence against women: An attempt at a definition

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    Il fenomeno della vittimizzazione secondaria di donne e figli di età minore ha suscitato crescente attenzione, inizialmente nell’ambito del diritto penale e, più recentemente, anche nel diritto civile di famiglia e minorile, soprattutto nei casi di violenza domestica di genere. Tuttavia, manca una definizione condivisa che ne chiarisca i confini e le implicazioni giuridiche. Il presente contributo si propone di offrire un tentativo di definizione della vittimizzazione secondaria nei casi di violenza domestica di genere ai fini di una comprensione più strutturata del fenomeno, attraverso un’analisi delle principali fonti normative, senza pretesa di esaustività sistematica. Particolare attenzione sarà dedicata alle sue manifestazioni più ricorrenti nei procedimenti di famiglia riguardanti la violenza domestica di genere, al fine di proporre strategie e interventi per mitigarne gli effetti e rafforzare la tutela delle persone che hanno fatto esperienza di violenza.The phenomenon of secondary victimisation of women and children has gained increasing attention in recent years, initially within the field of criminal law and, more recently, also in family law proceedings concerning gender-based violence. However, a clear definition and thorough  analysis remain lacking. This article aims to offer a working definition of secondary victimisation in the context of gender-based domestic violence, to contribute to a more structured understanding of the phenomenon. Through an analysis of key legal sources – without claiming to be systematically exhaustive – the article pays particular attention to the most frequent manifestations of secondary victimisation in family law  proceedings involving domestic violence. It also proposes strategies and interventions to mitigate its effects and strengthen the protection of those who have experienced violence

    Recensione a Marco Maria Aterrano, La pacificazione degli animi. Controllo delle armi e disarmo dei civili in Italia, 1817-1926, Roma, Viella, 2023, 384 p.

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    Recensione del volume di Marco Maria Aterrano, La pacificazione degli animi. Controllo delle armi e disarmo dei civili in Italia, 1817-1926, Roma, Viella, 2023, 384 p.  About the volume by Marco Maria Aterrano, La pacificazione degli animi. Controllo delle armi e disarmo dei civili in Italia, 1817-1926, Roma, Viella, 2023, 384 p.Critique de Marco Maria Aterrano, La pacificazione degli animi. Controllo delle armi e disarmo dei civili in Italia, 1817-1926, Roma, Viella, 2023, 384 p

    Meno II: A self-referential Socratic dialogue about memory and computer programming

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    We provide a Socratic dialogue in which Meno challenges Socrates\u27 principle that all learning is actually the remembering of things known but forgotten. Meno claims if Socrates\u27 principle holds, then Meno should already know the contents of the ongoing dialogue. Meno challenges Socrates to help Meno recall those contents, claiming Socrates cannot do this, lest Meno could immediately say the opposite of whatever he supposedly recalls he was about to say. Socrates eventually succeeds at Meno\u27s challenge in an unexpected manner

    Long-term citizen science program of the first arrival of Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in Italy: a preliminary study on how the climate affects spring migration across the Mediterranean

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    This study aims to present and analyze the spring migration of Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica data collected by a network of Italian birdwatchers in collaboration with a Research Institute in the framework of a citizen science project. More than 500 observations of the first sightings of Barn Swallow\u27s arrival in Italy were collected from 2004 to 2019 throughout the country. Percentile indices were calculated for each year and four regional subdivisions of the Italian territory: Northern, Central, Southern Italy, and the main islands (Sicily and Sardinia). Our analysis showed that the first spring sightings were significantly advanced (from 1 to 1.2 days/year) during the study period. Our data also describe the progression of migration across Italy with first arrivals documented in the main island and progressing from South to North of Italy first in Sicily and Sardinia, then along the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts and from there to the major mountain chains (Apennines and Alps). Analysis of climate data (February temperature) of Europe and Africa showed a recurrent pattern of years of late arrivals linked to a negative temperature anomaly over the Mediterranean and North Africa and years of early arrival with a positive temperature anomaly in the same area. First sightings were significantly correlated with December, winter and January-to-March average temperatures at a stopover site in North Africa. Our study demonstrates that analyses based on a large environmental dataset can investigate complex phenomena such as bird migration and that a high volume of data combined with statistical indices may mitigate the limitations linked to a citizen science approach

    A Goths era church at the Voltorre priory in the Lake of Varese area. The archeological excavation of 2001. Data and assumptions

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    L’indagine archeologica 2001 ha evidenziato come il monastero di Voltorre sorse sui resti di due preesistenti e consecutive chiese ad oggi non note, la seconda delle quali, meglio preservata, ha un impianto bizantino d’età gota. La sua contestualizzazione alla stretta orografica della pedemontana Comum-Verbanus dà nuova luce al toponimo Voltorre. All’esterno dell’odierna terza chiesa romanica si svilupperà in tre fasi una monumentale necropoli, ove la sepoltura più rilevante, attribuibile ad un prelato, parrebbe ricercare un contatto diretto col possibile pozzetto sacramentale, interrato al centro del presbiterio dell’abbattuta chiesa gota, evidentemente a quel tempo ancora noto o riconosciuto in quella contingenza.The findings of the archeological excavation of 2001 demonstrated that the Voltorre Monastery was built over two pre-existing churches which, as at today, are still unknown. Out of the two, the better preserved one, presents a Byzantine church floor plan dating back to Gothic Era. The contextualization of the Church in the Comum-Verbanus orographic narrow shines new lights on the toponym “Voltorre”. Just outside the current Romanic church, a monumental necropolis had been developing in three different phases. The most notable building, which is attributable to a clergyman, is beside the area where it is supposed to lay the sacramental pool, which was buried at the center of the presbytery of the now-demolished Goth Era church and whose whereabouts could have been still known at that time, or perhaps, was rediscovered in that circumstance

    Criticità del Medioevo. Piccola genealogia di un pregiudizio

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    The Middle Ages that are narrated live a contradictory history: in it we forget that in its context universities are born, where a dialogical dimension prevails. To seek a brief genealogy of the prejudices that cross the theoretical dimension of the Middle Ages is the aim of this work. The conclusion is that, in its various directions and interpretations, a rereading of the Middle Ages must take into account the multiplicity of texts that a tradition is made of: and these texts are not tiles that are placed at will on an imaginary chessboard, which reflects not the whole of history, but only the contingent readings of its contingent author, but must look at the clues that are revealed in these texts, and that direct the interpretation itself. Only through the identification of such clues can we arrive at a redefinition of the interpretative paths.Il Medioevo che viene raccontato vive una storia contraddittoria: in essa si dimentica che nel suo contesto nascono le università, dove prevale una dimensione dialogica. Cercare una breve genealogia dei pregiudizi che attraversano la dimensione teorica del Medioevo è lo scopo di questo lavoro. La conclusione è che, nelle sue varie direzioni e interpretazioni, una rilettura del Medioevo deve tener conto della molteplicità di testi di cui una tradizione è costituita: e questi testi non sono tessere che si pongono a piacere su una scacchiera immaginaria, che riflette non l’insieme della storia, bensì soltanto le contingenti letture del suo contingente autore, bensì devono guardare agli indizi che in tali testi si rivelano, e che indirizzano l’interpretazione stessa. Solo attraverso l’individuazione di tali indizi si può giungere a una ridefinizione dei percorsi interpretativi. The Middle Ages that are narrated live a contradictory history: in it we forget that in its context universities are born, where a dialogical dimension prevails. To seek a brief genealogy of the prejudices that cross the theoretical dimension of the Middle Ages is the aim of this work. The conclusion is that, in its various directions and interpretations, a rereading of the Middle Ages must take into account the multiplicity of texts that a tradition is made of: and these texts are not tiles that are placed at will on an imaginary chessboard, which reflects not the whole of history, but only the contingent readings of its contingent author, but must look at the clues that are revealed in these texts, and that direct the interpretation itself. Only through the identification of such clues can we arrive at a redefinition of the interpretative paths

    1300: The Waiting for the New Times Guglielma and Dolcino da Novara

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    The year 1300 shows a prophetic context and eschatological expectation that prompts the investigations of the inquisitors of heretical pravity who intervene against heretics and heretics who show non-conformist thinking.The turning point of 1300 shows original reflections on the feminine Holy Spirit (in Milan with Guglielma) or a prophetic-apocalyptic preaching (with friar Dolcino from Novara) or apocalyptic positions (with the Catalan doctor Arnaldo from Villanova).Not only the aspiration to a more just society emerges (through the manifestation of the divine Spirit), but also new political-religious developments through the expectation of a new dux or imperator, as well as a papa sanctus or angelicus, mediated through the theological models imposed by the inquisitors.L’anno 1300 mostra un contesto profetico e di attesa escatologica che sollecita le indagini degli inquisitori dell’eretica pravità che intervengono contro eretiche ed eretici che mostrano un pensiero non conformista.   La svolta del 1300 mostra riflessioni originali sullo Spirito santo al femminile (a Milano con Guglielma) o una predicazione profetico-apocalittica (con frate Dolcino da Novara) o posizioni apocalittiche (con il medico catalano Arnaldo da Villanova).   Emergono non solo l’aspirazione ad una società più giusta (attraverso la manifestazione dello Spirito divino), ma anche nuovi sviluppi politico-religiosi attraverso l’attesa di un nuovo dux o imperator, oltre che di un papa sanctus o angelicus, mediate attraverso i modelli teologici imposti dagli inquisitori.    The year 1300 shows a prophetic context and eschatological expectation that prompts the investigations of the inquisitors of heretical pravity who intervene against heretics and heretics who show non-conformist thinking. The turning point of 1300 shows original reflections on the feminine Holy Spirit (in Milan with Guglielma) or a prophetic-apocalyptic preaching (with friar Dolcino from Novara) or apocalyptic positions (with the Catalan doctor Arnaldo from Villanova). Not only the aspiration to a more just society emerges (through the manifestation of the divine Spirit), but also new political-religious developments through the expectation of a new dux or imperator, as well as a papa sanctus or angelicus, mediated through the theological models imposed by the inquisitors.

    Pensiero isolante, nichilismo e destino: Prospettive storico-teoriche sull’essenza della matematica nel pensiero di Emanuele Severino

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    Isolating Thought, Nihilism and Destiny: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on the Essence of Mathematics in Emanuele Severino’s Philosophy This article seeks to investigate the relationship between mathematics and philosophy within the framework of the thought of Italian philosopher Emanuele Severino. The study is articulated in three parts. The first part aims to reconstruct the historical-conceptual trajectory of contemporary science and mathematics in light of what Severino designates as the «sunset of the epistéme». The second part focuses on a paradigmatic case: Giacomo Leopardi, in whose poetic and philosophical production the themes of mathematics, analysis, nothingness, and the impossibility of all forms of power converge. The third and final section endeavours to establish a connection between certain mathematical notions and the «language that bears witness to the destiny of truth».The contribution pursues a twofold objective: on the one hand, to demonstrate that the relationship between philosophy and mathematics may be elucidated through the notion of separation from truth—both from a historical-conceptual standpoint (as developed in the first and second sections) and from a theoretical perspective (addressed in the third); on the other hand, to underscore the enduring relevance and theoretical significance of Severino’s philosophical project within the context of contemporary thought.Con quest’articolo si intende definire la questione del rapporto tra matematica e filosofia all’interno del pensiero del filosofo italiano Emanuele Severino. Il lavoro si articola in tre parti. La prima intende mostrare il delinearsi storico-concettuale della scienza e della matematica contemporanea, alla luce dell’evento che Severino definisce «tramonto dell’epistéme». La seconda mostra un caso particolare, quello di Giacomo Leopardi, nella cui produzione poetica e filosofica si intrecciano il tema della matematica, dell’analisi, del nulla e dell’impossibilità di ogni potenza. La terza e ultima parte intende mettere in relazione alcune nozioni matematiche e il «linguaggio che testimonia il destino della verità». L’intero contributo ha una duplice finalità: da un lato, mostrare che il rapporto tra filosofia è matematica può essere spiegato alla luce della nozione di isolamento dalla verità, sia da una prospettiva storico-concettuale (prima e seconda parte dell’articolo), sia da una prospettiva teorica (terza parte); dall’altro, si tenta di sottolineare le ragioni di rilevanza e attualità della proposta filosofica severiniana all’interno del contesto teorico contemporaneo

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