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Artificial lights in the Middle Ages: enlightening social distinction
No full textIn the late Middle Ages, social distinction was expressed through the possession and consumption of rare and precious movable goods. In addition to exotic foods and high-quality wines, clothing, jewelry, and artistic objects played a crucial role in defining social status. However, an often overlooked aspect is the role of artificial lighting. Candles, lamps, and candelabras not only had practical functions but also served to enhance the social prestige of their owners. These objects, often made of precious metals such as gold and silver, illuminated domestic and religious environments, amplifying their splendor. Their presence and use during ceremonies and banquets were eloquent symbols of wealth and power. Analyzing these artifacts provides a deeper understanding of medieval material culture and the symbols of social distinction.Nel Basso Medioevo, la distinzione sociale si manifestava attraverso il possesso e il consumo di beni mobili preziosi e rari. Oltre a cibi esotici e vini di alta qualità, gli abiti, i gioielli e gli oggetti artistici giocavano un ruolo cruciale nel definire lo status sociale. Un elemento su cui invece non si è ancora riflettuto è l\u27illuminazione artificiale. Candele, lampade e candelabri non solo avevano una funzione pratica, ma servivano anche a esaltare il prestigio sociale dei proprietari. Questi manufatti, spesso realizzati in metalli preziosi come oro e argento, illuminavano ambienti domestici e religiosi, amplificandone lo splendore. La loro presenza e il loro utilizzo durante cerimonie e banchetti erano simboli eloquenti di ricchezza e potere. Analizzare questi artefatti consente una comprensione più profonda della cultura materiale medievale e dei simboli della distinzione sociale
From the exotic vase on the table to the pot in the kitchen. Ceramics as a commodity in Sicily: some reflections for an overall analysis of ceramic consumption in the late Middle Ages
No full textSebbene i contenitori ceramici siano utilizzati molto di frequente negli studi archeologici come proxy per la ricostruzione delle rotte commerciali, diversi aspetti del loro ruolo nel mercato sono spesso trascurati. Basandosi sui dati raccolti nell’ambito del progetto europeo Sicily in Transition nel corso dello studio dei corredi ceramici recuperati dagli scavi a Mazara del Vallo e a Castronovo di Sicilia, questo testo vuole proporre una visione più ampia dell’oggetto ceramico in quanto merce cercando di valutare oltre agli aspetti legati ai flussi internazionali anche quelli relativi alla circolazione interna, ma soprattutto ragionando sui cambiamenti avvenuti nella produzione e nel consumo degli oggetti ceramici in Sicilia nel corso del Tre-Quattrocento. Per fare questo sono state selezionate tre classi di prodotti che mostrano un’evoluzione che sembra indicativa delle più generali dinamiche del commercio del periodo; ovvero la ceramica d’importazione iberica, la ceramica regionale decorata in bruno/verde e la ceramica da fuoco. La complessità emersa in questo studio sembra indicativa dei mutamenti occorsi nel commercio internazionale, ma anche dell’efficienza delle reti interne siciliane oltre che di un grande dinamismo della realtà artigianale dell’isola.Ceramic vessels are often used in archaeological studies as a proxy for the reconstruction of trade routes, but several aspects of their role in the market have been underestimated. Based on the data collected as part of the European project Sicily in Transition during the study of the ceramic assemblages from the excavations in Mazara del Vallo and Castronovo di Sicilia, this text aims to propose a broader vision of the ceramic object as a commodity by evaluating the aspects linked to international flows, together with those relating to internal circulation, trying at the same time to consider the changes that occurred in the production and consumption of ceramic objects in Sicily during the 14th and 15th centuries. To do this, three classes of products were selected, showing an evolution that seems indicative of the more general trade dynamics of the period; that is, imported Iberian ceramics, regional ceramics decorated in brown/green and fire ceramics. The complexity that emerged in this study seems indicative of the changes that have occurred in international trade but also of the efficiency of Sicilian internal networks as well as of a great dynamism of the artisan reality of the island
From the Small Screen to the Big Screen: The Super8\u27s Distribution of Sandokan TV series
No full text‘From the small screen to the big screen’ proclaims the advertising text of the Super8’s of a television series distributed in 1979 by the German company Piccolo Film, emphasizing the novelty and the potential of format. The film is Sandokan, an Italian miniseries from 1976 directed by Sergio Sollima and starring the Indian actor Kabir Bedi as the exotic protagonist of Salgari’s famous adventure. This contribution maps the European and global success of the series and its media format’s history, focusing in particular on Super8’s distribution. It retraces Super8 ‘reduction prints’ in different languages by relying on film catalogues from the seventies and on sources gathered from platforms such as Imdb and Ebay (where collectors trade Super8) and interviews to ex-employees and owners of former Super8’s distribution companies in Italy and Germany. The paper considers the geographical circulation of Sandokan’s Super8 editions to investigate Sandokan’s figure beyond its literary origins. Super8’s history shows an unexplored relation between media broadcasting and past practices of home viewing beyond the theatrical realm. Sandokan’s Super8 circulation can be regarded as part of larger phenomenon of consumer culture, where reduction prints become a synecdoche to a larger cultural myth
Crimson Tide: Hans Zimmer, Subliminal Harmony, and Submerged Voices
No full textCrimson Tide (Tony Scott, 1995) is a signal example of Hollywood action-adventure movies of the past forty years and in particular of the “high-concept” movie. The score by Hans Zimmer is a landmark score for the composer and consolidates his reputation for scoring films of that genre. This article addresses the now-famous Zimmerian work process and several stylistic traits, including the use of a male chorus. Choral voices in the film’s context provide both a synecdochic link to the submariners but also function as a commentative chorus. Using Neo-Riemannian theory, the potential contribution of which to film-music studies is still only now beginning to be explored, I examine the deployment of specific harmonic strategies that create a link back to earlier Hollywood film-music practices and show how Zimmer represents less an evolution than a continuation of recognisable styles and idioms
L’educazione con metodo teach back nello scompenso cardiaco: una revisione della letteratura
No full textLo scompenso cardiaco (SC) è diventato uno dei principali problemi di sanità pubblica, essendo la prima causa di ricovero ospedaliero. Gli interventi educativi, come il teach back (TB), sono stati suggeriti per migliorare la gestione dello SC, poiché favoriscono una maggiore comprensione della malattia e delle sue cure da parte dei pazienti e dei loro caregiver. Il TB, semplice ed economico, permette di verificare che il paziente comprenda davvero le informazioni ricevute. L’obiettivo di una ricerca condotta nel 2023 era capire se l’uso del TB potesse migliorare la qualità della vita e la cura di sé nei pazienti con SC, riducendo le riammissioni ospedaliere. I risultati mostrano che il TB ha effettivamente portato a miglioramenti nei punteggi di qualità di vita e cura di sé, con una riduzione delle riammissioni. Nonostante i benefici, il TB rimane ancora poco utilizzato e conosciuto come strumento per supportare la consapevolezza dei pazienti sulla loro condizione.
Heart failure (HF) has become one of the main public health issues, being the leading cause of hospital admissions. Educational interventions, such as teach-back (TB), have been suggested to improve HF management, as they help patients and their caregivers better understand the disease and its care. TB, which is simple and cost-effective, allows healthcare providers to verify that patients deeply comprehend the information. A study conducted in 2023 aimed to understand whether TB could improve the quality of life and self-care in HF patients, thus reducing hospital readmissions. The results show that TB led to improved quality of life and self-care scores, reducing readmissions. Despite its benefits, TB remains underused and little known as a tool to enhance patients’ awareness of their condition
Excess Mortality (2020-2023) as Proxy of COVID-19 Deaths?
No full textImportance: Concerns regarding excess mortality estimates and the subjective nature of diverse models utilized have emerged. We examined its theoretical underpinning by exploring two popular excess mortality models based on regression and time series analyses that highlight their weaknesses in forecasting excess deaths during COVID-19 emergency.Observations: Excess mortality estimates are errors/residuals of prediction models increasingly used to determine the number of unreported deaths from COVID-19. That several prediction models are used to model baseline excess deaths underscores the lack of a definitive choice thereby signposting its subjective nature. A general lack of assessment of the assumptions governing such models was another drawback in relying on estimates ofexcess mortality derived from them.Conclusions and Relevance: In assessing the impact of COVID-19 (or any public healthemergency), reported death counts and other mortality statistics, when combined with relevant auxiliary information, can offer a better view of the pandemic impact rather than reliance on a subjective metric such as excess death which can be misleading. More importantly, mathematical modeling though useful in an unfolding pandemic, once data become available, this should supersede forecasted estimates in decision-making or impact assessment
The Obstetric Panorama in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista – Brazil: Prevalence and Profile of Parturients: Prevalence and Profile of Parturients
No full textBackground: The birth of a child is a significant milestone for mothers and families. However, concerns regarding the type and safety of delivery persist. Evidence shows that vaginal delivery provides immunological and respiratory benefits for the baby and offers protective factors for the mother. Despite this, cesarean sections remain prevalent, particularly in developing regions.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze delivery data from the Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista (RMBS) between 2019 and 2022, identifying the predominant delivery method and examining the socioeconomic and cultural profiles of mothers.
Methods: Data was obtained from the TABNET/DATASUS database in the Live Birth Information System (SISNAC).
Results: Between 2019 and 2022, 86,198 deliveries were recorded, with 53% being cesarean sections and 47% vaginal deliveries, exceeding the 15% cesarean rate recommended by the WHO. Vaginal delivery was more common among mothers aged 10–24 years, while cesarean sections predominated among those aged 25–54 years. Women with 1–11 years of education favored vaginal delivery, while those with ≥12 years of education had cesarean rates more than double vaginal deliveries. Cesarean sections were more prevalent among white and yellow ethnicities. Single mothers predominantly chose vaginal delivery, whereas married, widowed, separated, or cohabiting women favored cesarean sections.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of cesarean deliveries in RMBS appears to be associated with maternal age, education level, socioeconomic status, marital status, and prenatal care access. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote evidence-based delivery practices
Food, fundamental rights and national identity: towards a new constitutional value?
No full textThe demand for the recognition of the right to food is shifting from the international to the national legal sphere. Consequently, the right to food is becoming enshrined in the constitutional language of numerous states, including Italy. This essay aims to analyse the constitutional dimension of the right to food in Italy, taking into account a recent proposal for constitutional reform.Le richieste di riconoscimento del diritto al cibo si stanno spostando dal campo del diritto internazionale a quello nazionale. Il diritto al cibo sta così entrando a far parte del linguaggio costituzionale di molti Stati, tra cui l’Italia. In questo saggio ci si propone di analizzare la dimensione costituzionale del diritto al cibo in Italia anche di fronte a una recente proposta di riforma costituzionale
Legal uncertainties: reflections on socio-legal methodology starting from Reza Banakar
No full textL’articolo esplora nella prima parte le linee di confine tra la sociologia del diritto e la scienza giuridica e l’uso degli strumenti della ricerca bottom up e top down, partendo dalla metodologia di Reza Banakar. Tra i temi che lo studioso ha sollevato nella seconda parte si approfondisce quello della difficile dialettica tra certezza e incertezza del diritto, che nella tarda modernità globalizzata sembra assumere contorni più porosi. Da qui, si ragionerà sulle forme di incertezza del diritto, guardando al caso paradigmatico della progressiva precarizzazione della condizione giuridica delle persone straniere, dei loro status e diritti.This article first examines the boundaries between sociology of law and legal studies, addressing the use of bottom-up and top-down research methods through the lens of Reza Banakar\u27s methodology. In the second part, it delves into the complex dialectic between legal certainty and uncertainty, which appears increasingly porous in the context of globalised modernity. Building on this, the article investigates various forms of legal uncertainty, with a particular focus on the progressive precarization of the legal status and rights of foreign nationals
POLITICAL FAKE NEWS FUELING ISRAEL AND HAMAS WAR, 2023: FOURTH GENERATION WARFARE IN INDIA
No full textIn the wake of the incursion by Hamas militants into Israel in the early hours of 7 October, a deluge of disinformation in the form of videos and photographs purporting to depict the conflict has inundated various social media platforms, thereby creating a significant challenge for global observers attempting to differentiate between actual occurrences and fictionalised representations. Fake news often appeals to emotions and instincts. During periods of war, strife and disagreement, it is common for misinformation and counterfeit news to circulate with great speed and ease, prompted by escalated sentiments and a lack of certainty. Journalists, governmental bodies, individuals, and organisations circulated inaccurate and misleading information for various reasons, including spreading propaganda, manipulating public opinion, or provoking discord. The paper aims to study the impact of fake news and deepfakes during the Israel and Hamas conflict in 2023 and discuss India’s stance in the ongoing war. The paper aims to analyse the reason behind misinformation in the ongoing war, understand how media literacy can help debunk fake news and learn techniques to approach online misinformation during a conflict. The researchers have adopted framing analysis and thematic analysis to identify and analyse the fake news identified by two fact-checkers in India. Digital media literacy is an effective solution to fight against misinformation, especially during a global crisis.