Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia
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The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and remains debated. Objective: This study examines the association of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data obtained from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), a nationally representative population survey data, which polled 30,497 individuals age 16 years and over in 13 provinces in Indonesia. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with socioeconomic status. Results: Education level, employment status, age, and hypertension are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. According to educational level, individuals with lower education level were more likely to have diabetes mellitus than those who had a higher level of education (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.21-1.67), higher risk was also found in those who were unemployed (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.33-1.82). Besides, age and hypertension were independent factors for a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, age >55 (OR=4.71; 95% CI: 4.06-5.46), hypertension (OR=5.86; 95% CI: 5.00-6.87). Diabetes mellitus also show significantly higher among individuals living in urban areas compared to individuals living in rural areas (OR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.78-2.55). Conclusions: Socioeconomic status has a significant association with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among people above 15 years old in Indonesia. The government needs to design a preventive program to control this disease by considering the risk factors that may lead to the development of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia
Macronutrient, nutritional status, and anemia incidence in adolescents at Islamic boarding school
Get PDFBackground: Anemia occurs due to the body's loss of red blood cells and decreased iron absorption. Globally, it is known that the prevalence of anemia is 1.62 billion, with the majority of anemia sufferers being a group of women who are not pregnant, as many as 468.4 million people. In addition, the highest prevalence of anemia in the group of school-age girls is 47.4%, while in men, only 12.7%.Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between macronutrients and nutritional status with the anemia accident in adolescents at Islamic Boarding schools.Methods: This study used a case-control design with matching criteria aged 15-19 years, not menstruating, not fasting. Sampling with quota sampling of late adolescents with a population of 15-19 years 1,359 people, anemic case sample of 46 people and control without anemia 46 people, intake questionnaire using the SQ-FFQ, statistical test with Chi-Square.Results: There was a significant relationship between macronutrient intake [energy p=0.048; OR=3.3 (CI 0.965-11.28), protein p=0.036; OR=3.98 (CI 1.018-15.57)] and nutritional status [p=0.024; OR=5.35 (CI 1.088-26.32)] with anemia incidence. Less energy intake has a risk of 3.3 times anemia, lack of protein intake has a risk of 3.98 times, and malnutrition has a risk of anemia of 5.35 times.Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between energy, protein intake, and nutritional status with anemia incidents. Nutritional status has the strongest association with anemia. * Presented at the International Nutrition and Health Symposium (INHESION) on Sunday, November 15th, 2020, in Yogyakarta, organized by HIMAGIKA and the Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mad
Status gizi dan gambaran klinis penyakit pada pasien HIV anak awal terdiagnosis
Get PDFNutritional status and clinical disease of HIV children patients when diagnosed for the first timeBackground: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children can cause nutritional problems. Currently, HIV-infected children are still diagnosed when the disease stage is advanced. Nutritional status is a marker of advanced stage conditions in HIV infection.Objective: To determine the clinical findings of disease and nutritional status of HIV children patients when diagnosed for the first time.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were taken from the medical record documents of child patients aged 0-18 years with the ICD 10 code B20, who was treated at the Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital from 1 January 2004-31 December 2019. Results: There were 191 children diagnosed with HIV, 56% of them were boys. The median age was 34 months (IQR 25: 13 months, IQR 75: 69 months), and 95.5% among those were infected perinatally. There were 77 (40,3%) children who suffered from severe malnutrition and 55 (28.8%) children were moderate acute malnutrition. At the age of 0-60 months among them, there were 49 children (36.3%) suffered from severely underweight, 35 children (25.9%) underweight, 53 (39.3%) severely stunted, 38 (28.1%) stunted, 28 severely wasted (20.7%), and wasted as many as 24 (17.8%). At the age of 5-18 years old, there were 19 (33.9%) and 5 (8.9%) children who suffered from severely wasted and wasted respectively. World Health Organization (WHO) stages 3 and 4 were experienced by 62 (32.5%) and 68 (35.6%) children. As many as 41.3% of children had enlarged lymph nodes, thrush (40.8%), pneumonia (40.8%), and persistent or chronic diarrhea (21.5%). Conclusions: The nutritional status of HIV-infected children at baseline was dominated by underweight and stunted. The most clinical findings of the disease when the child was diagnosed with HIV infection were lymphadenopathy, oral thrush, pneumonia, and persistent or chronic diarrhea
Comparison of somatotype profiles and dietary intake of football athletes in different playing levels in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Anthropometry characteristic was significantly correlated with nutrition status, and both factors significantly contributed to athletes' sports performance. Somatotype as one of the anthropometric values can be used as screening or “diagnosis” in selecting new talents. The changes in athletes’ body composition by inadequate dietary intake and over-consumption relate to the performance quality of athletes. Objective: The study aimed to compare football athletes' somatotype profiles and dietary intake in different playing levels in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 112 adolescent football athletes in 4 playing levels; elite national team (ENT), advanced senior team (AST), advanced junior team (AJT), and amateur college athletes (ACT), performed somatotype measurement and dietary intake assessments using 3x24-h food recall. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to illustrate the difference among ENT, AST, AJT, and ACT groups, while a post-hoc test was used to verify pairwise comparison. Results: All groups showed a significant difference in somatotype profiles and dietary intake. The somatotype profile of ENT group, categorized as balanced mesomorph (2.5-5.2-2.2), was the closest to the ideal profile of elite football athletes and was the most mesomorph among other groups. The somatotype of the AST group was the least mesomorph (1.5-3.2-3.0). Adequate energy intake was found only in the ENT group, whereas inadequate (<80%) in other groups. None of the groups consume an adequate amount of carbohydrates. The lowest dietary intake was found in the lowest playing level group, ACT. The somatotype profile and dietary intake of the ENT group were the most optimum compared to other groups, although the excess intake of fat should be noticed. Conclusions: The somatotype profile of elite athletes in the ENT group was the closest to the ideal somatotype of elite football athletes in high-level competition. Dietary intake in the ENT group was also the most adequate, although the excess fat intake should be noticed
Kadar gula darah atlet sepak bola remaja setelah pemberian diet beban glikemik
Get PDFEffect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes Background: Carbohydrate arrangement considering the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (BG) are important to support the performance of athletes.Objective: To examine the effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes.Methods: Quasi-experimental study on 14 male young soccer players aged 15-18 years old at Terang Bangsa Soccer School. Each subject completed 4 trials separated by at least 7 days as a washout period. Diets provided consist of high GI with high GL diet (H-H), low GI with high GL diet (L-H), high GI with low GL (H-L), and low GI with low GL diet (L-L). Collected data were fasting blood glucose level (BGL 0), blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hours after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after exercise (BGL 3).Results: The results of paired t-test analysis showed that there were differences between fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose level one hour after intervention, blood glucose level one hour after intervention and blood glucose level two hours after intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention and blood glucose level after exercise in the H-H and L-H diet group. In the L-L diet group, there were differences between BGL 2 and BGL 3. One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels one hour after the intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention, and blood glucose level after exercise between groups.Conclusions: High glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels at 1 hour postprandial and after exercise. Low glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels after exercise. Diets with the arrangement of glycemic index and glycemic load did not affect blood glucose levels between diet groups.
Status gizi berdasarkan dialysis malnutrition score (DMS) dengan kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis
Get PDFNutritional status based on the dialysis malnutrition score (DMS) with hemodialysis patients' quality of lifeBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disorder of the kidney organs characterized by abnormalities in the structure or function of the kidneys. Patients suffering from end-stage CKD require renal replacement therapy in the form of hemodialysis. However, hemodialysis on a routine basis can decrease nutritional status, which will result in malnutrition patients. Malnutrition is associated with morbidity and mortality rates, such as prolonged weakness, susceptibility to infectious diseases, and impaired wound healing that can affect the quality of life. Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between nutritional status based on the Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) with the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Methods: The research design was cross-sectional with an observational research design. This research was conducted from 02 September 2019 until 11 September 2019 in the hemodialysis unit at RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul with 182 subjects of all chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis from 2009 until April 2019. The researcher assessed nutritional status data based on the DMS. In addition, the quality of life was based on Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQoL) which researchers for elderly subjects assisted, and some parts filled directly by the subject. The statistical analysis used for this study was the Chi-square test. Results: Based on the Chi-square test, there is a correlation between nutritional status based on the DMS and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients (p-value=0.009). Most subjects had good nutritional status based on the DMS and had good quality on the KDQoL. Conclusions: There is a correlation between the risk of malnutrition based on the Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) and hemodialysis patients' quality of life (KDQoL)
The risk of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction is increased among first-time mothers and poor households
Get PDFBackground: Global recommendations suggest mothers provide the first complementary food to infants when they reach six months of age. Failure to introduce complementary foods promptly may put infants in adverse health and nutrition outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A multistage cluster sampling was employed to select 355 mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Kebumen Regency. Our dependent variable was the timing of complementary food introduction. Meanwhile, independents variables included factors at the child, parental, and household levels. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed in this study. Results: There was 39.15% of young children received inappropriate timing of complementary feeding. Being the second-born child or above (OR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.33-0.95) and coming from high-income households (OR= 0.57; 95%CI: 0.36-0.90) were protective factors of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction. Other variables such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation, father’s education, and family support were not significantly associated with incorrect timing of complementary feeding. Conclusions: The proportion of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency is alarming and is mainly explained by child’s birth rank and household economic status suggesting the importance of targeting nutritional education to first-time mothers as well as poor households
Pengaruh program multi-exercise terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lansia overweight dan tidak overweight
Get PDFThe effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in overweight and non-overweight elderlyBackground: Cognitive function is the factor that determines the disability of the elderly to live a healthy and independent life. The results of studies regarding the protective effect or detrimental effects of overweight or obesity on cognitive function in the elderly are still controversial. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in the elderly based on nutritional status.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-postest design study involved 37 elderly aged 60-74 years. Body mass index (BMI) derived from the measurement of body weight and height were grouped into overweight and not-overweight. Both groups received a multi-exercise in the form of gymnastic exercise (30 minutes), square stepping exercise (30 minutes), and puzzle games (30 minutes). The intervention was given 12 times with a frequency of 3 times per week. Cognitive function was measured by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Data analysis used paired sample t-test and independent t-test. Results: The multi-exercise program intervention given affected improving cognitive function in the overweight elderly group (p=0.003). However, it is different from the non-overweight elderly group who did not show a significant effect of the multi-exercise program on the cognitive function (p=0.184) even though there was an increase in the mean cognitive function at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Multi-exercise program intervention for 4 weeks with a frequency of three times per week can improve the cognitive function of the elderly, but statistically only significant in the overweight elderly group
Status kesehatan dan asupan mikronutrien vegetarian dan nonvegetarian di Bali
Get PDFHealth status and micronutrient intake among vegetarian and non-vegetarian in BaliBackground: Several studies have reported that vegetarian diets have health benefits for those adopting the diets.Objective: This study aimed to compare anemia status and micronutrient intake between vegetarians and non-vegetarians in Bali.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bali. A total of 240 samples consisting of 160 vegetarians and 80 non-vegetarians were randomly selected. Hemoglobin (Hb) and fasting blood sugar levels were measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method and enzymatic colorimetric, respectively. Meanwhile, the data on micronutrient intakes were collected by interviews using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the Mann-Whitney test was performed to analyze the differences.Results: The study’s results showed that the mean Hb levels in the vegetarian group were significantly lower than non-vegetarians (p=0.002; p<0.05), and the anemia status in vegetarian women were higher (22.5%) than non-vegetarian women (2.5%). The mean fasting blood glucose level in non-vegetarians was significantly higher than in the vegetarian group (p=0.000; p<0.05). There were no differences in zinc (Zn) intake between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, but there were significant differences (p<0.05) in vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) intakes.Conclusions: There were differences in anemia status and fasting blood glucose levels between vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The fasting blood glucose levels of non-vegetarians were higher than vegetarians, and there were differences in the intake of certain micronutrients between vegetarians and non-vegetarians
Kualitas diet dan kontrol glikemik pada orang dewasa dengan diabetes melitus tipe dua
Get PDFDiet quality and glycemic control in adults with type two diabetes mellitusBackground: As assessed by Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), diet quality is correlated with glycemic control through its effect on glucose-insulin homeostasis. Studies are evaluating the diet quality index in Indonesia, especially its relation to glycemic control in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are lacking. Objective: To analyze the association between diet quality and glycemic control T2DM in adults. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study using data from "Cohort study of non-communicable disease risk factors" in 2016 by the Indonesia Ministry of Health. Hundred and five (105) subjects diagnosed with T2DM, aged 25-65, were recruited in this study. A 24-hour dietary recall was collected, and a diet quality index referred to the USA adapted AHEI-2010 was assessed. The portion of food components was modified based on the Indonesian Dietary Guidelines. Glycemic control was evaluated according to fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-hours-post-75-g glucose load (2h-PG). Spearman correlation test was applied in this analysis. Results: A mean age of subjects was 51 years, and 77.1% out of 105 subjects were women. Mean value of FBG 123.5 and 2h-PG 228.9 mg/dL. The total score of AHEI was 53.8. There was not a significant correlation between the total score of AHEI with FBG (r= -0.079) and 2h-PG (r= -0.069) (p>0.05). However, there was a significant association between the fruits score and 2h-PG (r= -0.224) (p<0.05). Most of the subjects consumed fruits containing low-moderate fructose, such as bananas, oranges, papayas. Conclusions: In T2DM, there was no significant association between the total score of current diet quality and poor glycemic control, except for the fruits component