Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia
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Pola makan dan konsumsi alkohol sebagai faktor risiko hipertensi pada lansia
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is one of the major chronic diseases in the elderly and the prevalence is constantly increasing. The results of Health Research Survey (Riskesdas) in 2007 showed that the prevalence of hypertension in the city of Tomohon was 41.6%. The prevalence of fatty foods consumption in Tomohon was relatively high, amounted to 17.2%. The proportion of alcohol consumer in North Sulawesi province was higher (17.4%) than the National proportion (4.6%), and Tomohon has signifi cantly higher alcohol consumers (36%). The consumption pattern of fatty foods and alcoholic beverages were factors that might increase the risk of hypertension.Objectives: To identify the infl uence of eating pattern and alcohol consumption as risk factors of hypertension in the elderly at Tomohon Municipality.Methods: This is an analytic observational study with case control design. Subjects were elderly people aged 60 – 65 years at Tomohon Municipality consisted of 76 cases (hypertensive) and 76 control (non-hypertensive). Data was collected through structured interviews, food frequency questionaire (FFQ ) was used to assess dietary pattern, mental health questionnaire (Self Reporting Questionnaire) was used to determine the condition of stress, waist-hip ratio measurement for obesity status, and blood pressure measurements. Data were analysed by bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that fat intake (OR=3.046; 95% CI:1.338 –6.933; p=0.008), alcohol consumption (OR=2.8; 95% CI:1.418 – 5.299; p=0.003), and obesity (OR=2.4; 95% CI:1.072 – 5.404; p=0.033) signifi cant increase the risk of hypertension. The intake of natrium, potassium and calcium, family history, smoking and stress showed no signifi cant association with hypertension. Statistical analysis revealed that the variables that become dominant risk factors for hypertension and affected the incidence of hypertension were fat (OR=3.303; 95% CI:1.346 – 8.10; p=0.009) and alcohol consumption (OR=2.792; 95% CI:1.347–5.789; p=0.006).Conclusion: High fat and alcohol consumption were risk factors that affect the incidence of hypertension amongst the elderly at Tomohon Municipality
Efek asupan vitamin D terhadap tekanan darah sistolik tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension still became potential life threatening disease for human life. The prevalence of hypertension was high and tends to increase. Previous study suggested that there was a linier rise in blood pressure at increasing distances from the equator. More recent study indicated that vitamin D insuffi ciency may be associated with elevated blood pressure.Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin D intake on blood pressure.Method: This was an experimental study with pre-post test group design. The subjects were 20 male Rattus norvegicus aged 8 weeks. Subjects were divided into 5 groups and each groups received treatment as follow: lived in dark cage and consumed vitamin D free diet for 1 – 13 days, then moved to normal cage (dark-light period) and given vitamin D per-oral of 0.25 μg/kg BW for 1 – 5 days. Data of systolic blood pressure was collected and analyzed with paired t test.Results: The absence of vitamin D in diet caused a signifi cant increase in systolic blood pressure (p=0.01) after 7 days of treatment in dark cage. While oral vitamin D supplementation of 0.25 μg/kg BW caused a signifi cant decline of systolic blood pressure since the fi rst day of vitamin D supplementation and the result appeared stronger after 4 days of treatment (p=0.001).Conclusion: Vitamin D intake had a strong infl uence on systolic blood pressur
Durasi menyusu dan kejadian overweight pada remaja
Get PDFBackground: Statistic showed an increasing number of overweight incidences among children in Aceh Province. However, relationship between breastfeeding and risk of overweight and obesity is still controversial due to strong confounding factors. Hence, the relationship between breastfeeding and obesity is unclear. To reduce the confounding factors, siblings analysis can be undertaken as children live in the same environment.Objective: To investigate the influence of siblings overweight status on breastfeeding duration and overweight incidence among adolescents and to explore other environmental and genetic factors related to overweight incidence in adolescents.Method: This was an observational-analytical study with a matched case control design. There were 50 subjects for each group. Subjects in the case group were taken from existing cases, while the control group was selected by purposive sampling by matching in age and gender. Paired t test, McNemar test and conditional logistic regression were performed to analyse the data.Results: Overweight adolescents have shorter breastfeeding duration than non-overweight adolescents. Multiple conditional logistic regression tests on overweight status in siblings showed that breastfeeding duration could reduce overweight incidence among adolescents (OR=0.81; 95%CI:0.69-0.96).Conclusion: Overweight adolescents have shorter duration of breastfeeding than those who were not overweight. Factors that affect the risk of overweight among adolescents in this study were mother’s education, adolescent’s eating behavior, mother’s overweight status and sibling’s overweight status
Pengaruh propolis terhadap profil lipid plasma tikus model hiperkolesterolemia
Get PDFBackground: Nowadays, cardiovascular disease caused by hypercholesterolemia has become the main cause of death. Propolis has been used widely to reduce plasma cholesterol levels.Objective: The aims of this research was to study the effect of propolis on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats.Method: This was an experimental study with pre-post test. Twenty four (24) male Sprague Dawley rats aged 12-16 week old, weighing 125-200 g were allocated into 4 groups. Group I received standard meal + aquadest-gavage; group II received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + aquadest gavage; group III received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,027 g propolis gavage; group IV received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,054 g propolis gavage. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels before and after treatment were measured. The data were then analyzed with One Way Anova.Results: The study showed that there were no significant differences in changes of body weight. There were significant differences in total cholesterol levels between all groups of treatment. Triglyceride levels were significantly different among all groups, except between group I and IV. Furthermore, the HDL cholesterol levels of group I vs III and group I vs IV were significantly different. However, there were no differences found in LDL cholesterol levels among all groups of treatment.Conclusion: Provision of 0,027 g and 0,054 g propolis improve lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels) of hypercholesterolemic rats
Status kesehatan oral dan asupan zat gizi berhubungan dengan status gizi lansia
Get PDFBackground: Central Bureau of Statistics data in 2006, showed that the average life expectancy of the population living in Yogyakarta (DIY) was 73 years, and 73.8 years for those living in Sleman. This was higher than the average national life expectancy of 68.5 years. National Health Survey in 2007 showed that the prevalence of oral and dental problems in DIY was 23.6%, while the pulp and periapical tissue diseases in the elderly in Sleman districts was approximately 1704 cases. Hence, it was classified as one of the 10 most prevalent diseases in Public Health Centre. In addition, there were 406 older adults who were underweight.Objectives: To investigate the relationship between oral health status, nutrient intake and nutritional status in older adults.Methods: This study is an observational study with cross sectional design. Subjects were 310 patients aged 60-74 years old in Sleman district. Data obtained by interview, examination of the oral health status, measurement of body weight and arm span. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test.Results: There was a significant association between oral health status and protein intake (RP=2.38; 95%CI:1.42-3.970). Energy, fat and carbohydrates intake were not associated with oral health status (p>0,05). Nutritional status was significantly associated with the intake of the energy (RP=2.98, 95%CI:1.58-5.58), protein (RP=2.44, 95%CI:1,05-5.67), fat (RP=3.68, 95%CI:1.93-7.03) and carbohydrates (RP=4.89, 95%CI:2.54-9.4). However, there were no relationship found between oral health and nutritional status (RP=1.79, 95%CI:0.94-3.43.)Conclusion: There was a significant association between oral health status and protein intake. The intake of nutrients (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate) was significantly associated with nutritional status. However, there was no significant relationship found between oral health and nutritional status in older adults
Pengembangan metode skrining gizi untuk pasien dewasa rawat inap
Get PDFBackground: A comprehensive nutrition assessment needs to be done on all hospitalized patients. The accuracy of nutritional assessment are necessary to ensure the provision of optimal nutrition support for the patient to prevent iatrogenic malnutrition and speed up the healing process. The nutrition screening tools has limited ability to be used as a valid indicator for comprehensive nutritional assessment. Thus, it is necessary to develop a new nutrition screening tool.Objective: To develop a simple, quick and valid malnutrition screening tool that can be used to identify adult patients at risk of malnutrition.Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. The subjects were 495 patients admitted to Sardjito General Hospital, excluding paediatric, maternity, and psychiatric patients. All patients were screened using the Nutrition Screening Tool of University Gadjah Mada (NST-UGM). The validity of the NST-UGM will be tested by measuring the sensitivity and specifi city value compared to Subjective Global Assessment (SGA).Result: The newly developed nutrition screening tool consisted of 6 questions with a cut-off of 0-2 classifi ed as not at risk of malnutrition and > 2 classifi ed as at risk of malnutrition. The sensitivity and specifi city value of the new screening tool compared with SGA were 91.28 and 79.78 respectively. Therefore, the convergent and predictive validity of NSTUGM was established. Conclusion: The NST-UGM is a simple, quick and valid tool which can be used to identify patients at risk of malnutrition.
Suplementasi multi mikronutrien dibandingkan Fe-asam folat terhadap kadar hemoglobin dan berat badan ibu hamil anemia
Get PDFBackground: As a part of global strategy to prevent micronutrient deficiency in pregnant mothers, UNICEF recommends the use of multi-micronutrients supplements as an initial program in developing countries. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of multi-micronutrient supplementation on Hb level and weight gain of anemic pregnant women in Lombok Tengah District.Objective: To investigate the effect of multi-micronutrient compared to Fe – folic acid supplementation on Hb level and weight gain of anemic pregnant mothers.Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with non equivalent control group design. Subjects in the intervention group were given multi-micronutrient supplements provided by UNICEF, whereas subjects in the control group were given Fe – folic acid supplements. The supplements were given daily to the two groups for 91 days. Hb level and weight were measured before and after intervention.Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p=0.96) in Hb level and weight gain (p=0.454) between the two groups. The increase of Hb level and weight in the intervention group vs control group were 0,53±0,95 g/dL vs 0,89±1,15 g/dL and 4,89±2,71 kg vs 4,32±1,75 kg, respectively.Conclusion: There were no significant differences in Hb level and weight gain between pregnant mothers consuming multi-micronutrient supplements compared to those consuming Fe – folic acid supplements
Pendidikan gizi dan pesan gizi melalui short message service terhadap pengetahuan, perilaku, dan kepatuhan ibu hamil minum tablet besi
Get PDFBackground: Low compliance as one cause of high prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is mainly due to forgetfulness. Nutrition education and short message service (SMS) are expected to become media to send nutrition message and remind pregnant mothers of taking iron tablet.Objective: To identify impact of nutrition education and nutrition message through SMS to knowledge, behavior and compliance of pregnant mothers with taking iron tablet.Method: The study was a quasi experiment that used pre and post test control/non equivalent control group design involving 3 groups of experiment, i.e. nutrition education only, nutrition education and SMS, and control as comparator. Subject of the study consisted of 121 pregnant mothers. The study was carried out from November 2009 to April 2010 at Palangka Raya Municipality in Pahandut, Kayon and Tangkiling Health Centers. Statistical analysis was performed by using paired t-test, ANOVA, Tukey test, and multivariate test.Results: Pregnant mothers that got nutrition education and SMS intervention significantly improved their knowledge and behavior (p<0.05). Pregnant mothers that got nutrition education and SMS had knowledge 18 point higher (coef=18.26), behavior 4 point better (coef=4.07) and probability 4 times more compliant than the control group (OR=3.79; p=0.03). Nutrition education and SMS intervention could increase compliance and significantly affect increase of hemoglobin (Hb) level up to 1.3g/dl (p<0.05). Increase of Hb level went in line with increase of compliance (dose-response) in pregnant mothers with preliminary Hb level <11g/dl. Meanwhile in pregnant mothers with preliminary Hb level ≥11g/dl, increase of Hb level was statistically significant when compliance reached ≥90%. Conclusion: Pregnant mothers that got nutrition education and SMS had better knowledge, behavior and compliance with taking iron tablet than those that only got nutrition education and the control group. High compliance could significantly increase Hb level.
Pengendalian Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan Nitrit Oxide(NO) pada penderita DMT2 dengan emping garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn) sebagai makanan selingan
Get PDFBackground: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of superoxide that cause oxidative stress and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD enzyme reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to lessen the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide (NO). To reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, diabetics are encouraged to consume diet with low glycemic index. Arrowroot chips is a product commonly used by the community as a snack. Arrowroot has low glycemic index (glycemic index = 14) so it can be used as an alternative snack for diabetics.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the beneficial effects of arrowroot chips to help controlling the blood glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetes. Method: This is a quasi-experimental research with a one group pre test - post test. Subjects were 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who regularly visited endocrine polyclinic of RSUP.Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were: aged 35-60 years, had suffered from diabetes mellitus for at least one year and currently on insulin injection therapy. The subjects were given 20 grams/day arrowroot chips to be consumed as a snack for four weeks. The blood samples were drawn before and after treatment. Glucose level were analyzed by GOD-PAP method, SOD activity was determined by Ransod kits and NO concentration was analyzed by colorimetric Gies reagent system. Finally, data were analyzed by paired t-test and correlation regression test.Result: There was an increased glucose level from 124,43 ± 33,56 to 139,00 ± 67,96 mg/dl after treatment (p=0,551), SOD activity decreased from 77,09 + 19,33 to 43,99 + 17,45 unit/ml whole blood after treatment (p=0,000), decreased NO concentration from 1,28 + 1,32 to 1,15 + 0,577 µM after treatment (p=0,875), and a positive correlation between SOD activity and NO concentration (p=0,151; r=0,405; R2=0,164).Conclusion: Arrowroot chips consumption as a snack for 4 weeks was unable to help controlling the fasting plasma glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetics
Faktor risiko obesitas pada ibu rumah tangga miskin
Get PDFBackground: Food insecurity is associated with allocation of income for high energy density food consumption that may cause obesity in poor family. In addition, low physical activity may lead to obesity, particularly in individual living in disadvantaged situation.Objective: To identify risk factors of obesity among poor housewives in Yogyakarta.Method: This was a case control study, case group was obese housewives and the control group was non obese housewives. The locations of the study were Bumijo and Pringgokusuman which have high population density. The samples were taken purposively. Each group consisted of 70 housewives (1:1) and were matched according to age. Mc.Nemar test and conditional logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors of obesity.Results: There was no difference in characteristics between the two groups. Food insecurity reached 91,43% in the control group, proportion of excessive energy intake reached 37.86% in the case group, higher than in control group (24.29%). Excessive fat intake in the case group reached 30% whereas in the control group was 28.57%. Low physical activity reached 40% in the case group, and 10% in the control group. The result of Mc.Nemar test showed that food insecurity, energy and fat intake had no significant association with obesity (p>0.05). While physical activity was associated with obesity (p=0.0001). The result of conditional logistic regression showed physical activity was dominant risk factor for obesity among poor housewives (R2=0.1916).Conclusion: Food security status was not a risk factor for obesity in poor families; energy intake and fat intake contributed to the prevalence of obesity though the influence was smaller than physical activity