Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia
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Pertanyaan dan nasihat dokter untuk konsumsi sayur dan buah: penelitian potong lintang pada 10 puskesmas di Yogyakarta dan Sleman
Get PDFBackground: Mortality caused by noncommunicable disease (NCD) has increased in the last ten years in Indonesia in line with the elevation of NCD prevalence. The NCD mortality and prevalence can be prevented by practicing a healthy lifestyle. One of a healthy lifestyle is adequate vegetable and fruit consumption that unfortunately was still far from expectation in the Basic Health Survey 2007 and 2010. Puskesmas as primary health care should anticipate the problem by encouraging doctor to routinely ask and educate on a healthy lifestyle.Objective: This study aimed to assess physician ask and advice on vegetable and fruit consumption based on patient and physician report.Method: Two hundred and fifty-one patients from primary health care (Puskesmas) in Yogyakarta City and Sleman District participated in this cross-sectional survey. Subsequently, a survey of 57 physicians was conducted. Data were collected by structured questionnaires and exit interviews. We analyzed the data using Chi-Square test and logistic regression.Results: The results showed that patients have been asked and advice about vegetable and fruit consumption. However, the proportion of physician report was higher than the proportion of patient’s report. Patient who had gastrointestinal disorder, had body weight problem, suffered from diabetics and cardiovascular diseases were more being asked and educated about vegetable and fruit consumption than other symptoms or diseases. Patients who were female, not married and did not eat vegetable and fruit everyday reported more being asked and advised by doctor on fruit and vegetable consumption than patients who were male, married and did not regularly eat fruit and vegetable. There was no difference of patient’ s perception of the relation between their disease and fruit and vegetables consumption based on characteristics, symptoms, disease and the frequency of eating fruit and vegetable.Conclusion: Primary health care physician has asked and advised patient about vegetable and fruit consumption although did not routinely practice it. Delivering advice as part of patient education on high fiber diet should be included in the national insurance scheme, so that physician will routinely educate patient
Paparan iklan televisi terhadap pemilihan makanan dan asupan energi pada anak
Get PDFBackground: Obesity in school children is the problem of world epidemics of which its prevalence increases sharply. Food marketing through television is presumed to be one of the causing factors.Objective: To find out whether exposure to food and beverage ads through television influenced food choice and intake in children and whether its effect varied in different nutrition status.Method: The study was an experiment involving 2 experiment groups. The first group was exposed to film with food and beverage ads; the second with ads excluding foods and beverages. The children were given 8 advertised foods and drinks and 4 natural foods. The assessment was then made on energy intake and food choice. The population of the study was elementary school children at Yogyakarta Municipality and samples were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively and through correlation analysis.Results: Children exposed to food and beverage television ads had higher energy intake (262.7±99.7 kcal) from those on ads than children not exposed to ads (233.7±103.3 kcal), and chose more from those on ads (4.7±1.7) than children not exposed to ads (4.2±1.7). Children with normal nutrition status were influenced more by food and beverage television ads than children with over nourished and undernourished nutrition status.Conclusion: Exposure to food and beverage television ads influenced food choice and energy intake in children
Perbedaan asupan mikronutrien pada lansia penderita hipertensi esensial yang overweight dan tidak overweight
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension in overweight elderly is a crucial problem considering that its pathogenesis, disease pattern and management are not entirely the same with hypertension in young adults. Hypertension in overweight elderly requires particular attention because it is closely associated with overall management (medical and nutritional).Objective: To study different intake of micronutrients, i.e. natrium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension at Griya Sehat Lansia (GSL) Yogyakarta.Method: The study was analytical with case control study design. Samples were as many as 138 elderly of 60-75 years old taken using multistage sampling technique. Data of intake Na, K, Ca, Mg were obtained through semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); essential hypertension through assessment of blood pressure using sphygmomanometer; overweight and non overweight status through body mass index (BMI), BMI for overweight was 23-24.9 kg/m2 and non-overweight was 18.50-22.99 kg/m2. Statistical analysis used paired t test, Chi-Square and logistic regression.Results: There were differences in intake of Na, K, Ca, and Mg between overweight and non overweight elderly (p<0.05). There were significant association (p<0.05) between intake of Na, K, Ca, and Mg of overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension, with OR 5.271; 6.813; 3.398 and 3.444. Intake of Na and K were variables most significantly associated with overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension (p<0.05).Conclusion: There were significant differences in intake of micronutrients (Na, K, Ca, Mg) between overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension at GSL Yogyakarta
Peranan kadar nitrit oksida (NO) darah dan asupan lemak pada pasien hipertensi dan tidak hipertensi
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is closely related to impaired endothelial dependent vasodilation due to decreasing availability of blood nitric oxide (NO) and high fat intake.Objective: To analyze blood NO and fat intake differences in patients with hypertension andnon hypertension.Method: The study was a cross-sectional design and sampling was carried out in Sidoarjo District Hospital. Subjects of the study were 24 patients aged between 40 to 65 years, which consist of 12 cases and 12 controls. Measurement of blood NO and recall of fat intake were performed.Results: Blood NO in hypertension andnon hypertension patients were 72.333 ± 40.511µM and 116.083 ± 46.962 µM respectively. Fat consumption in hypertension andnon hypertension were 51.52 ± 5.99 g and 41.65 ± 8.32 g respectively. Two independent samples t-test showed meaningful differences in the levels of blood NO (p=0.023) as well as fat intake (p=0.004) between the hypertension andnon hypertension patients.Conclusion: There is a difference in the levels of blood NO and fat intake in patients with hypertension andnon hypertension
Citra tubuh, asupan makan, dan status gizi wanita usia subur pranikah
Get PDFBackground: Premarital reproductive age women are prospective mothers whose nutritional status should be monitored, because it can affect the outcome of pregnancy. Premarital period can be interpreted as pre conception period. As the wedding ceremony approaches, women’s concern of their body image is increasing. Negative body image can influence their dietary intake and nutritional status. Research on the effect of pre wedding body image on women’s dietary intake and nutritional status in non-western countries is still limited.Objective: The aim of this research was to describe the relationship between body image, dietary intake and nutritional status of premarital reproductive age women in Yogyakarta city. Method: This research was an observational research with cross-sectional design. The subjects were 157 premarital reproductive age women in Yogyakarta city who came to the office of religious affairs to register their marriage or followed the premarital advisory program. Body image was measured by Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34); dietary intake was measured by Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ); and nutritional status was classified based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed with Chi-Square test, t-test and multiple logistic regression.Result: Only 12,1% of participant reported dissatisfied of their body image. Dominant factor that affect their body image was environmental influence (OR=14,5). Bivariat analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between body image and nutritional status (p0,05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with nutritional status were body image, carbohydrate intake and environmental influence. Conclusion: Body image was associated with nutritional status. However, body image does not affect dietary intake. Energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were significantly associated with nutritional status
Status gizi berhubungan positif dengan derajat nyeri sendi penderita osteoartritis lutut
Get PDFBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disorder that is associated with significant morbidity, disability, and medical costs, particularly in its advanced stages. While the cause of knee OA remains unclear, it has been associated with various risk factors, such as age, sex, genetic predisposition, biomechanical, and obesity. Pain in osteoarthritis occurs due to combination of various factors. Pain significantly increases the medical and non medical cost in OA. Data showed that obesity will increase the mechanical stress and pain of knee OA. However, uncertainty remains regarding potential relationship between body mass index (BMI) and pain in osteoarthritis. Moreover, since obesity is one of modifiable and preventable risk factors for the onset and progression of the disease, it is important to know the correlation between BMI and severity of pain in knee OA.Objectives: To investigate the relationship between body mass index and severity of joint pain in knee osteoarthritis.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted and subjects were osteoarthritis patients in rheumatology clinic of Sardjito general hospital. Body mass index and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were measured. Correlation between BMI and VAS score were analyzed by bivariate correlation test.Results: There were 80 patients with osteoarthritis who participated in the study. Mean BMI was 26.36 +4.23 kg/m2 and VAS score was 52.40+24.53 mm. The correlation test showed that there was a positive but non significant correlation between BMI and VAS scores (r = 0,11; p = 0,33).Conclusion: There was a positive but non significant correlation between body mass index and the severity of joint pain in knee osteoarthritis
Efek F100 dan formula tepung tempe terhadap kadar serum Fe dan hemoglobin pada anak gizi kurang
Get PDFBackground: Protein energy deficiency is a major public health problem in Indonesia. WHO has recommended F100 made from skim milk for undernourished patient. Alternative formulas have been developed using other nutritious foods that are cheaper, easily accessible and can be used for children with lactose intolerance such as tempe flour.Objective: To investigate the effect of F100 and tempe flour formula supplementation on serum Fe and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of undernourished child.Method: This was an experimental study with randomized controlled clinical trial design and purposive sampling method. Subjects of the study were undernourished patients aged 1-10 years hospitalized at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. Sample consisted of 30 patients divided into 2 groups; group 1 supplemented with F100 and group 2 with tempe flour formula. Hb level was assessed by cyanmethemoglobin and serum Fe level by colorimetric method. Dietary intake data was collected by visual comstock and food recall. Data were analyzed by chi square, unpaired t-test and double linear regression.Results: Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in Hb (p=0.139) and serum Fe levels (p=0.313) between both groups after treatment. Intake data indicated that there was a significant disparity in protein (p=0.019) and Fe intake (p=0.006) between the two groups, whereas energy, fat and carbohydrate intake showed no significant differences. Lastly, the association between energy and nutrient intake with serum Fe and Hb levels was not significant and the correlation was weak (r<1).Conclusion: There were no significant differences in hemoglobin and serum Fe levels between F100 group and tempe flour formula group, but there was a significant difference in protein and Fe intake
ASI sebagai faktor protektif terhadap autisme
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of autism has risen in the last decades. Risk factors of autism remain controversial and were thought to be multifactorial. One hypothesis stated that it may be caused by leaky gut theory and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid defi ciency. Optimal duration of breastfeeding has been proven to reduce risk of gastrointestinal infection and improve child’s cognitive ability.Objective: To study the protective effect of optimal duration of breastfeeding to reduce the risk of autism. Method: A matching case-control study was conducted in Yogyakarta and Magelang during 2008. Inclusion criteria of case group were all children with autism (diagnosed based on DSM-IV TR criteria), aged 3-10 years. Autistic children with distinct genetic disorder were excluded. Control group was matched on gender, age, and their residence. Breastfeeding pattern and other related information were obtained by direct interview. McNemar test, conditional multivariate logistic regression, and Maentel-Haenszel test were used to fi nd factors that are signifi cantly associated with autism.Result: There were 52 children with autism and 104 control subjects. The mean age was 5 years old. The analysis revealed that breastfeeding duration for less than 6 months was a signifi cant risk factor for autism (ORMH=2,05; RK 95%:1,03-5,01), as well as history of abnormal birth weight (OR=3,36; RK 95%:1,37-8,44). There was dose-effect gradient as breastfeeding duration affected risk of autism. There was no differences on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding between the two groups. Conclusion: Breastfeeding duration of less than 6 months was a signifi cant risk factor for autism
Pangan yang difortifikasi zat gizi mikro pada ibu hamil meningkatkan perkembangan motorik bayi
Get PDFBackground: Many factors infl uence the growth and development of an infant but nutrition was undeniably one of the most important factors. One way to improve the nutritional status of infants was by providing supplementary foods fortifi ed with multiple micronutrients to mothers during pregnancy. Nutritional interventions during pregnancy provided better nutrient reserves for mothers and fetus.Objective: To analyze the impact of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods provision in pregnant mothers on motor development and anemia status of infants in three sub-districts of Bogor District namely: Leuwiliang, Leuwisadeng and Ciampea.Method: A total of 120 infants were followed up in a prospective cohort study. The subjects were divided into three groups, i.e: 40 infants in fortifi ed group (pregnant mothers received supplementary foods (vermicelli, milk and biscuit) fortifi ed with multi-nutrients i.e. iron, iodine, zinc, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin A), 40 infants in non-fortifi ed groups (pregnant mothers received non fortifi ed foods) and 40 infants in the control groups (pregnant mothers did not receive any supplementary foods). Motor development was measured by methods developed by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Hb was measured by Cyanmethemoglobin method. Ancova and linear logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results: Provision of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods in pregnant mothers substantially improves infant’s motor development (77% better than other groups). In addition, supplementation of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed foods in pregnant mothers reduced the rate of hemoglobin and hematocrit decline in infants up to the age of 6 months. There were no infants aged 6 months with Hb < 90 g / L in the fortifi ed group, while in the non-fortifi ed group and control group the prevalence of anemia was 8.3% and 11.11%, respectively.Conclusion: Provision of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods in pregnant mothers improved infant’s motor development
Perbedaan status gizi, kesegaran jasmani, dan kualitas hidup anak sekolah di pedesaan dan perkotaan
Get PDFBackground: The differences in geographic, sosioeconomic and lifestyle between children in rural and urban areas infl uence their nutritional status. The urban children tended to be less active. The evidence suggested that physical activity improves cardiorespiratory fi tness and mental health in young people but study that compare those indicators among rural and urban children was scarce.Objective: To compare the nutritional status, physical fi tness, and quality of life between elementary school children in rural and urban areas.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Semarang (urban) and Mlonggo (rural) Central Java in 2009. Inclusion criteria was school children aged 9-11 years and had no physical disability. Body composition was measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, physical activity by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), physical fi tness by 20-m shuttle run test and quality of life by Pediatrics Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedQoL 4.0). The differences between nutritional status and physical activity were assessed by Chi Square test, while the differences between physical fi tness and quality of life were tested by independent t test (p<0.05).Result: One hundred sixty-two subjects were enrolled in the study (Semarang 82 students; 36 boys, 46 girls and Mlonggo 80 students; 40 boys, 40 girls). Body mass index (18.97 vs 15.16 kg/m2) and body fat (26.03% vs 18.03%) of urban children were higher than that of the rural’s (p<0.001). Children in rural area were signifi cantly more active, have higher physical fi tness level (VO2 max 28.54±1.79 ml/kg/min vs 21.57+1.79 ml/kg/min) (p<0.01), and have higher score in quality of life (2243 + 295,8) compared to the children from urban area (2133 + 369.4) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rural school children have lower nutritional status than urban children, but they are more active and have higher physical fi tness level. They also have better quality of life