Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia
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Faktor risiko sarapan pagi dan makanan selingan terhadap kejadian overweight pada remaja sekolah menengah atas
Get PDFBackground: Overweight or obesity during childhood and adolescence are important risk factors for the presence of adult overweight or obesity. Eating habits in childhood and adolescence influence their healthy condition. Prospective studies of breakfast habits and nutritional status suggest an inverse (protective) association between the frequency of eating breakfast and the risk for overweight and obesity and relationships between no breakfast and increasing body weight.Objective: To examine risk factor of breakfast and snacking related to overweight status in adolescents.Method: This was the observational study with case control design. The first step of the study was screening to have a prevalence of overweight in adolescents. The second step was case control study participated by 100 overweight adolescents and 100 normal weight adolescents in senior high school matched in sex, age, and school. Data collected were weight and height measurements for nutritional status, respondent identity and characteristic, breakfast dan snacking habits and physical activity. Statistical analysis used Chi-Square statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: Prevalence of overweight in adolescents were 16,8%. There was significant association between breakfast with overweight (p<0,05; OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.4-7.47). There was no association between snacking and overweight, but there was significant association between frequency of snacking (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.05-3.50), the energy of snacking (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.13-4.02), and carbohydrate of snacking (OR=4.5; 95% CI=1.94-11.50) with overweight. In the multivariate model, breakfast habits, carbohydrate of snacking and physical activity had a significant association with overweight.Conclusion: Skipping breakfast was a risk factor for overweight in adolescence. Adolescents who had to snack more than twice a day were having the greater risk factor for overweight
Konflik peran kerja-keluarga pada ibu bekerja terhadap perilaku obesogenis anak sekolah dasar
Get PDFBackground: Childbearing pattern of parents greatly affects the healthy lifestyle of children including behaviors preventing children from obesity. Working mothers with a dual role at work and the family face challenges in doing so.Objective: To identify the effect of work-family conflict in working mothers to obesogenic behaviors of elementary school children at Yogyakarta Municipality.Method: This was a quantitative study with cross sectional design. Obesogenic behaviors were assessed using questionnaire of Family Health Behavior Scale. Role conflict was assessed using questionnaire of Work-Family Conflict filled by working mothers. Nutrition status of children was assessed using a parameter of body mass index by age with the standard of WHO 2007.Results: The result of the study showed 47.73% of working mothers had high role conflict and 45.26% of children had high obesogenic behaviors. There was no effect of work-family conflict in working mothers to obesogenic behaviors of elementary school children at Yogyakarta. The influencing factors were family income (p<0.001); position/job type (p<0.001); gender (p<0.05); and nutrition status (p<0.05).Conclusion: Work-family conflict in working mothers had no effect to obesogenic behaviors of elementary school children at Yogyakarta Municipality
Pengaruh taburia terhadap status anemia dan status gizi balita gizi kurang
Get PDFBackground: Micronutrient deficiency seriously contributes to child morbidity and mortality. The need for micronutrient can be fulfilled from food, fortified food, and direct supplementation. Taburia is multivitamin multimineral that is aimed to meet the need for micronutrient of undernourished under-fives and to prevent the increased prevalence of undernourishment. It is necessary efficacy and effectiveness study of Taburia to anemia and nutritional status of undernourished under fives of 24-55 months.Objective: To identify the effect of Taburia supplementation to anemia and nutrition status of under fives at District of Lombok Timur.Method: The study was experimental with prospective cohort study design carried out at District of Lombok Timur, Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat. The subject of the study was undernourished under fives at the area of Nutrition Improvement Community through Empowerment (NICE) project. The independent variables were Taburia and biscuits; the dependent variables were anemia and nutrition status; and the external variables were the intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, Fe, and zinc. Data analysis used ANOVA and paired t-test.Results: There was a significant difference in the average level of hemoglobin of the subject after the intervention, either in taburia group, biscuit group, or taburia+biscuit group (p<0.05). There was the difference in average weight after intervention in the three groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the average level of hemoglobin and the average level of weight between biscuit group and Taburia+biscuit group. There was a change in anemia status from anemia to nonanemia; the highest was in Taburia group, i.e. 96%; and better nutrition status at the end of the experiment occurred at Taburia+biscuit group from emaciated to normal (100%).Conclusion: Taburia supplementation could increase anemia status. Micronutrient supplementation was needed to increase nutrition status
Kejadian malaria dan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat
Get PDFBackground: The prevalences of severe acute malnutrition, moderate acute malnutrition and low birth weight (LBW) in West Papua Province is higher than the national prevalence. Malaria disease, especially in an infant, is also of concern in this province. Manokwari District is regarded as malaria endemic area due to the high morbidity rate in the entire district.Objective: To determine the incidence of malaria, nutritional status of children and to analyze the relationship between two of them.Method: The methodology that used in this research is cross-sectional design conducted in four health centers in Manokwari with a sample of 100 children aged two to five years. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results: The incidence rate of malaria in Manokwari district is high. This is because the number of an infant that was infected highly and lowly by malaria do not vary much. Results show that 42% children suffering from severe malaria, particularly tropical malaria type, with a frequency of more than two times in six months so that it had a direct effect on appetite and weight. Average nutritional status based on weight/height and height/age is normal while according to weight/age is not normal. Infants with severe and moderate acute malnutrition are not found in this study.Conclusion: The incidence rate of malaria in children under five in the district of Manokwari is high, the nutritional status of children under five in the past are in the normal category and at the time of the study were not normal, this is due at the time of the study many infants experience pain and therefore contributes to the appetite that directly affects body weight of infants. Furthermore, it is known that there is a relationship between the incidence of malaria by the nutritional status of children in the district of Manokwari
Pola makan, obesitas, dan frekuensi serangan pada pasien artritis gout
Get PDFBackground: Trend of gout arthritis prevalence is increasing every year. Obesity, high purine diet, especially from an animal source, are some risk factors for recurrent gout attacks.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between diet, obesity, and frequency of gout flares in gout arthritis patients.Method: This study was a cross-sectional study with patients from RSUP Dr. Sardjito, RSUD Wirosaban, RSUD Panembahan Senopati that ever diagnosed as gout arthritis within February 2010 - February 2012 which can be seen in the medical record and live in Special District of Yogyakarta with the full address provided, as the respondents of this study. The home visit was done for dietary assessment, waist circumference measurement, and interviewing the respondent about gout flares frequency during the last year.Results: Vitamin C consumption in the 1st and 2nd tertiles increase the odds to have any gout flare (OR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.08-27.77 and OR=1.5; 95% CI: 0.29-7.35, respectively). Obesity tends to increase the odds of having any gout flares up to 1.4 times (95% CI: 0,38-5,25).Conclusion: Low consumption of vitamin C significantly increases the odds of having any gout flares. The odds is also higher in patients with obesity, though this relationship is statistically insignificant
Risk factors of low peak bone mass in Indonesian women
Get PDFBackground: Osteoporosis occurred in 64% of Indonesian women aged 60-64 years. The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced by achieving optimal peak bone mass in ages 25-32 years. However, 33.4% women had low peak bone mass (LPBM).Objective: We aimed to develop a tool to identify women at risk of developing LPBM in order to ameliorate this situation. Some risk/protective factors were explored in a case-control study.Method: We recruited 25 cases, those with LPBM (T-score <1) according to peripheral bone densitometry and 25 controls from Cengkareng District, West Jakarta. They were assessed using questionnaires to explore their historical intake of calcium, tea/coffee, and weight-bearing activity. We also measured BMI and body composition. Parameters among case and control groups were analyzed using independent T-test or Mann-Whitney, and odds ratio in relation to peak bone mass was also computed.Results: Between cases and controls, there were no differences observed in BMI, body composition, weight-bearing activity, and historical tea/coffee consumption. Calcium intake from sources other than milk and its derivatives were also found not to differ. Historical calcium index (HCI), measuring weekly calcium intake since childhood, was found lower in cases (median=160 vs 965; p=0.001). HCI cut-off analysis found that the values of 300 and 1000 yielded good specificity (80%) and sensitivity (92%) for LPBM. OR analysis identified those with HCI <1000 (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 2.05−54.95) as at moderate risk of developing LPBM, and HCI ≤ 300 as at higher risk.Conclusion: We concluded that, as low HCI was the risk factor for developing LPBM, calculation of HCI should be done to earlier identify women at risk, thus prompting earlier nutrition and lifestyle intervention to prevent the occurrence of LPBM and future osteoporosis
Keefektifan ekstra putih telur terhadap peningkatan albumin dan penurunan IL-1β pada pasien tuberkulosis dengan hipoalbuminemia
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is world health problem which still needs attention. Recently, Indonesia ranks the third in TB prevalence after India and China. Research revealed that albumin decreases significantly in TB patients, due to lack of nutritious intakes such as low-calorie intake, anorexia, increased catabolism, enteropathy and acute protein reaction. Low albumin was associated with increased IL-1β and cytokines inflammation in TB patient. Albumin had a very important role in the body and white egg known as a good quality source of protein.Objective: To assess the effect of white egg supplementation in TB patient towards the level of albumin and the level of IL-1β.Method: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 75 patient selected for the study and divided to 37 patient as the study group and 38 as a control group. Both groups received high energy high protein diet, while the study group received, additionally, an oral egg white-based on formula calculation Baxter for 14 days. Control group received, additionally, an extra soybean curd and mungbean powder. Albumin and IL-1β were checked before and after the intervention. Data is analyzed by using Mann-Whitney.Results: Research results show that average albumin pre-intervention in the study group was 2.82 g/dL and control group was 2.85 g/dL. Average albumin difference in the study group was 3.47 g/dL and control group was 2.81 g/dL. Bivariate analysis results show significant of increasing albumin between study group and control group (p<0.05). Research results show average IL-1β pre-intervention difference in study group (0.9 pg/mL) and control group (0.67 pg/mL). The average IL-1β difference in the study group was -0.39 pg/mL and control group was 0.76 pg/mL. Bivariate analysis results show a significant difference of IL-1β depletion between study group and control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Egg white increase albumin level and IL-1β depletion in tuberculosis patients effectively
Pola makan suku asli Papua dan non-Papua sebagai faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is one of the problems in the medical and public health sector. The prevalence of hypertension in Jayapura City is 23,8%. Hypertensive disease was ranked 6th among the top 10 diseases in Abepura Hospital. The risk factors, a diet containing high fat, high sodium, low potassium and excessive alcohol consumption has contributed to the increasing of blood pressure.Objective: To determine the degree of hypertension difference between Papuans and non-Papuans, and the effect of intake of fat, sodium, potassium and alcohol consumption as risk factors for hypertension in each tribe.Method: The study was an observational analytic with a case-control design. Samples are 248 which is divided in 62 cases and 62 controls on each tribe. Data analysis using the statistical independent t-test, Chi-Square, Mantel Haenzel, Multiple Regression Logistic.Results: Non-Papuan tribes had 1.9 times higher risk of hypertension stage 2. The fat intake of indigenous Papuans (OR=3.250) and non-Papuans (OR=3.275) correlated significantly. Sodium intake significantly associated in indigenous Papuans, but the non-Papuans, have a significant relation (OR=2.531). There was a correlation between potassium intake in indigenous Papuans (OR=2.348), but the non-Papuans, was not. Consumption of alcohol in indigenous Papuans was significantly associated (OR=2.343), but the non-Papuans, was not. Multivariate analysis showed that psychosocial stress, consumption of alcohol, family history of hypertension, and potassium intake were contributing in indigenous Papuans. Intake of fat, sodium intake, and obesity was contributed in non-Papuan tribes. Conclusion: Non-Papuan tribes prone to has hypertension stage 2. In Papuans, fat intake (> 30%), potassium intake ( 30%) and sodium intake (≥ 2300 mg) are risk factors for hypertension
Asupan makan, sindrom metabolik, dan status keseimbangan asam-basa pada lansia
Get PDFBackground: Metabolic syndrome prevalence increases with age and obesity. The metabolic syndrome is associated with alterations in renal function. Low urine pH has been described as a renal manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Urine pH is a simple and inexpensive method for determining acid-base status. Recent studies suggest that acid-base status is associated with dietary intake.Objective: To examine relationship between dietary intake, components of metabolic syndrome and urine pH among the elderly.Method: Subjects of this cross-sectional study consist of 49 elderly that were collected consecutively. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), dietary intake, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose and urine were obtained. Rank Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation of components of metabolic syndrome and dietary intake with urine pH. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the urine pH of the metabolic syndrome group and the normal group. Chi-Square/fisher test was used to calculate prevalence ratio (PR) of metabolic syndrome components to low urine pH. Multivariate analysis was done by multiple linear regression.Results: The mean urine pH of the metabolic syndrome group was 6,06 and significantly lower than the normal group (6,50). WC was the only component of metabolic syndrome that related to urine pH (r=-0,325; p=0,023). Abdominal obesity significantly increases the risk of low urine pH (RP=1,6; p=0,023; CI=1,005-2,442). Urine pH was negatively associated with protein intake and proportion of protein on diet. In multivariate analysis, WC is the most significant factor that predicted urinary pH.Conclusion: Urine acidification is a characteristic of abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Protein intake and proportion of protein on diet contribute to urine pH
Konsumsi rokok dan asupan zat gizi balita pada rumah tangga miskin
Get PDFBackground: Eradication of poverty and starvation is still an agenda of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015 due to the serious impact of poverty and starvation to human beings. Poverty and starvation are worsened by smoking habit of the Indonesian population. Expenditures used for cigarettes may bring bad impact to the health of toddlers, including lack of nutrient intake. However, until today it is not yet precisely known how much lack of nutrient intake in toddlers caused by cigarette consumption. Objective: To identify difference in nutrient intake of energy and protein of toddlers based on the amount of cigarettes consumed in poor household at Yogyakarta Municipality.Method: The study used cross sectional design. Subject consisted of 86 toddlers of two-five years living in poor household at Yogyakarta Municipality. Cigarette consumption, mother of toddlers and all members of the family were obtained from interview. Method to assess intake was multiple 24 hours food recall within four days, whereas interview was used to assess cigarette consumption. Statistical analysis was performed by using Two Sample Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, regression, and Chi-Square.Results: As much as 77.9% of poor household had at least one smoker. There was no significant difference in intake of energy and protein of toddlers living with smokers and non smokers, though percentage of expenditure for food was significantly lower in the household with smokers. This might be due to high consumption of food with high energy density at affordable price and protein at low price. Snacks were the third most consumed by toddlers and 40% of animal protein consumed were eggs.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in intake of energy and protein of toddlers living in the poor household with smokers and those living with non smokers, but percentage of expenditure for food significantly lower in household with smokers.