Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Reduction of Saturated Fat in Dark Chocolate using Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Oil Oleogel
Get PDFThis research studied the effectiveness of Sacha Inchi Oil Oleogel (SIOO) as a partial replacement for saturated fat in dark chocolate. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) and a good source of tocopherols. This study prepared oleogels using sacha inchi oil as a base oil and food-grade beeswax as an oleogelator. Different percentages of SIOO (1%, 2.5% and 5.0%) were added in the dark chocolate. Dark chocolate without SIOO was used as a control. Fatty acid profile, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of the formulated dark chocolates with SIOO were investigated. The incorporation of SIOO significantly (p<0.05) lowered the saturated fat and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids in dark chocolate samples. This study also showed that the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of dark chocolates enriched with 2.5 and 5.0% SIOO were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other chocolate samples. Sensory evaluation showed that control and dark chocolates added with SIOO (1% and 2.5%) received similar scores for all sensory attributes. However, the highest concentration of SIOO decreased significantly (p<0.05) the scores for the taste and overall acceptability of dark chocolate. Therefore, the enrichment of sacha inchi oil oleogel as a functional ingredient could reduce the saturated fat and increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant activity of the formulated dark chocolate, which is well-accepted by consumers
Association between Sociodemographic Factors with Nutritional Status among Primary School Children in Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the association between sociodemographic aspects and nutritional status among rural Setiu, Terengganu schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among 269 primary school children. Sociodemographic information was obtained from parents or guardians through face-to-face interviews, and standardized techniques and calibration were adopted for anthropometric measurements. The World Health Organization Anthro Plus was used to generate the z-scores for Weight-for-Age (WAZ), Height-for-Age (HAZ), and Body Mass Index-for- Age (BAZ) to indicate underweight, stunting, and obesity among the children. Chi-squared test was used to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and nutritional status. The children exhibited mean WAZ, HAZ, and BAZ scores of -0.66, -0.82, and -0.00, respectively. Approximately 13.8% of schoolchildren in this study were stunted, 16.7% were underweight, 8.9% were overweight, and 11.5% were obese. Age and the father\u27s education level were significantly associated with WAZ (p=0.02 and p=0.001), household size was associated with HAZ (p=0.029), and BAZ was found to be associated with the father\u27s income factor (p=0.03). This study discovered that the majority of results from the measurement of WAZ, HAZ and BAZ were in normal growth with 81 (79.4%), 230 (85.5%) and 196 (72.9%), respectively. In conclusion, this study indicates that most of the sociodemographic factors were not associated with nutritional status and the prevalence of malnutrition among primary school children in the rural areas of Setiu, Terengganu was lower than in the other rural areas
The Effect of Sacha Inchi Tempe on Blood Glucose, HOMA-IR, and TNF-ɑ in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome
Get PDFThis research aimed to evaluate the impact of sacha inchi tempe (Plukenetia volubilis L.) on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-ɑ) levels. In addition, metabolic syndrome was induced in 36 male Wistar rats aged 2 months at 150–200 g weight by giving a High-Fat High-Fructose diet (HFFD) for 2 weeks. The extract was administered through oral gavage in dose-dependent manner and rats were allocated into 6 groups, namely: 1). Normal control or K0; 2). Negative control or K-; 3). Positive control or K+ with 0.18 mg/200 g BB of simvastatin; 4). Intervention with 0.9 g sacha inchi tempe or P1; 5). Intervention with 1.8 g sacha inchi tempe or P2, and; 6). Intervention with 3.6 g sacha inchi tempe or P3. Meanwhile, normal chow rats were used and served as the control group. After 2 and 5 weeks of induction and intervention, blood was drawn to determine FBG. Blood insulin was examined after 5 week of intervention. Rats were euthanized at the end of the intervention for hepatic TNF-α analysis before calculating HOMA-IR. The result showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in FBG, HOMA-IR and hepatic TNF-α levels after sacha inchi tempe treatment. Rats receiving the highest dose of sacha inchi tempe had the most significant reduction (p<0.05) in FBG, HOMA-IR and hepatic TNF-α, when compared to simvastatin group. Therefore, sacha inchi tempe could attenuate glycemic and inflammation profiles in metabolic syndrome
An Online Cross-Sectional Survey: Changes in Food Group Consumption on Complementary Feeding during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food group consumption of complementary feeding in Indonesia. Data were collected using online self-administered questionnaires on Indonesian mothers of children aged 6–23 months. The result showed that households with decreased ability to provide food during the COVID-19 pandemic tended to choose unhealthy food groups on complementary feeding. There were higher odds of unhealthy food consumption, such as sweetened beverages, including fruit juice (OR=3.181; 95% CI:1.788−5.657) and homemade drink with sweeteners (OR=1.652; 95% CI:1.034−2.641); sugar confection (OR=2.066; 95% CI:1.240−3.444); frozen treats (OR=2.270; 95% CI:1.400−3.681), baked or fried confection (OR=2.154; 95% CI:1.435−3.235); fried and salty foods (OR=1.633; 95% CI:1.059−2.517). Meanwhile, the odds of food group consumption which lower during COVID-19 pandemic mostly are animal source foods group, including yogurt (OR=0.297; 95% CI:0.161−0.548); yogurt drink (OR=0.253; 95% CI:0.138−0.464); cheese (OR=0.355; 95% CI:0.230−0.549); eggs (OR=0.675; 95% CI:0.461−0.991); fish or seafood (OR=0.409; 95% CI:0.279−0.600); organ meats (OR=0.304; 95% CI:0.180−0.512); meats (OR=0.339; 95% CI:0.225−0.511); and poultry (OR=0.339; 95% CI:0.225−0.511). However, effective strategy for enhancing complementary feeding quality during pandemic should be formulated
The Complexities of Social Dining: Investigating Role of Impression Management, External Eating, and Known Companion Towards Food Portion
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate how dining with acquaintances or friends, the desire to manage others’ impressions, and external cues such as smell and appearance, influence food portion sizes. The research employed a quasi-experimental design, involving 236 participants who were active students at Semarang State University, all of whom were not on a diet, did not have allergies, and non-vegetarians. A General Linear Model Univariate analysis reveals that individuals who ate alone had a bigger portion compared to when eating with a known companion (F(1,228)=4.059, p=0.045, partial η2=0.17). Furthermore, the impression management or external cues influenced the individuals to take bigger portions when eating alone (F(1,228)=5.290, p =0.022, partial η2=0.023; F(1,228)=4110, p=0.044). However, those with high impression management and external eating tendencies took larger portions when eating with a known companion (F(1,228)=4.652, p=0.032, partial η2=0.020). Thus, the presence of a known companion had a less significant influence on overall portion sizes (F(1,228)=4.059, p=0.045, partial η2=0.17). These findings suggest that known companions exert a complex effect on eating behaviors. Future research should provide clearer guidelines for the appropriate portion sizes companions should take, while emphasizing healthy food choices in social dining setting
Prebiotic Activity of Plants from Cucurbitaceae Family and In Vitro Fermentation by Gut Microbiota
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the effect of Freeze-Dried Pumpkin Powder (FDPP), Freeze-Dried Winter Melon Powder (FDWMP), Freeze-Dried Rock Melon Powder (FDRMP), inulin, and D glucose on prebiotic activity score by in vitro fermentation. We also elucidate the changes in bacterial populations through batch culture fermentation using fecal samples from 5 healthy volunteers and In vitro fecal fermentation using batch culture and analyses of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). The growth of Bifidobacterium has significantly increased from 0 (8.90±0.05 log10 cells/mL) and 72h (8.83±0.14 log10 cells/mL) for D glucose and FDWMP (8.75±0.07 log10 cells/mL (0h) and 8.87±0.12 log10 cells/mL (72h)). However, the increase in population was not significant for inulin (9.15±0.06 log10 cells/mL), FDPP (9.04±0.12 log10 cells/mL), and FDRMP (8.67±0.08 log10 cells/mL). The number of Lactobacili significantly increased at 6h for FDPP (9.11±0.07 log10 cells/mL) and 24h for FDWMP (8.88±0.07 log10 cells/mL) and FDRMP (8.80±0.09 log10 cells/mL). Acetic acid was detected in all samples, and the concentration increased in all vessels at any given time except for the FDWMP fermentation, which decreased after 0h and increased after 6h. Overall, FDWMP has increased the probiotic growth of L. plantarum TISTR 1465 and exhibit the highest prebiotic index. As a result, it is suggested that the FDWMP be potentially used as a healthy raw material in developing varieties of functional prebiotic food products
Correlation of Stress Level, Nutrient Intake, and Emotional Eating Behavior with Nutritional Status among High School Students
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to determine the correlation between stress level, nutrient intake and eating behavior with nutritional status among 92 high school students aged 16 to 18 years from the Public High School (SMAN) 1 Kalianda. The Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and anthropometric measurements were used for data collection. The results showed that the most likely factor to trigger stress was related to the study workload. About 44.6% of the subjects were found to be an emotional eaters. There was significant correlation of stress level, energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake with nutritional status (p<0.05). Based on the result, stress was an important factor that can influence the nutritional statu
Relationship of Body Image and Mindful Eating with Nutritional Status in Students of K.H. Sahlan Rosyidi Islamic Boarding School
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyze the relationship of body image and mindful eating with nutritional status of female students at K.H. Sahlan Rosjidi Islamic Boarding School using Body Shape Questionnaire, Mindful Eating Questionnaire and Body Mass Index (BMI). The samples were 75 students using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using Spearman\u27s rank test. There is a relationship between body image perception and nutritional status (p=<0.001) and no relationship between mindful eating and nutritional status (p=0.646). Most subjects have a positive body image and good eating habits