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Die NPD: Verfassungsfeindlich und doch legal? Kritische Anmerkungen zum NPD-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts 2017
No full textDas Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts von 2017 über das beantragte Verbotsverfahren der NPD hat zu einigem Unverständnis gesorgt. In dem Aufsatz wird die Begründung des Gerichts analysiert und mit dem damaligen KPD-Verbot verglichen
Inhaltsanalyse der Wikipedia-Diskussionsseiten zur Weißen Rose. Forschungsdokumentation
Get PDFAusgehend von den theoretischen Überlegungen zu einem Mikro-Meso-Makromodell kollektiver Erinnerung (Heinrich/Weyland 2016) wurde im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts eine Inhaltsanalyse von Diskussionsseiten der Wikipedia durchgeführt. Ziel war es, in Erfahrung zu bringen, inwieweit auf dieser Plattform die durch den Enzyklopädieeintrag präsentierte Geschichtsversion ausgehandelt wird. Darüber hinaus will diese Studie die Grundlagen für eine automatisierte Datenanalyse legen, mit deren Hilfe es zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt möglich sein soll, Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, die über den Einzelfall hinausgehen.
In den folgenden Kapiteln wird die Vorgehensweise bei der Inhaltsanalyse mit den einzelnen Arbeitsschritten dokumentiert. Damit ist die Intersubjektivität des Forschungsprozesses gewährleistet. Entsprechend ist die Dokumentation in Ergänzung zur Publikation der Studienergebnisse (Heinrich & Gilowsky 2018) zu lesen.
Nachfolgend werden kurz der theoretische Rahmen skizziert und das methodische Vorgehen geschildert. Kernstück der Dokumentation sind dann die Präsentation des Textkorpus, wie er zum Stichdatum im Internet präsentiert wurde, das Kategorienschema, das auf die Diskussionsbeiträge in der Wikipedia angewendet wurde, sowie die konkreten Textstellen mit ihren Kodierungen. Eine weitere Tabelle demonstriert, inwieweit die Äußerungen auf der Diskussionsplattform zu Änderungen am Lexikoneintrag gefunden haben
„Ungarische Revolution“ und „Prager Frühling“
Get PDFDie Studie stellt die gesellschaftlichen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformversuche in Ungarn und der Tschechoslowakei von 1956 und 1968 einander gegenüber und bringt diese im Rahmen einer verflechtungsgeschichtlichen Betrachtung miteinander in Verbindung
Die Ad-limina-Berichte des Passauer Bischofs Heinrich von Hofstätter (1839-1875)
Get PDFZwischen 1844 und 1873 erstattete der Passauer Bischof Heinrich von Hofstätter (1839-1875) dem jeweiligen Papst insgesamt neun Mal detailliert Bericht über den Zustand seines Bistums ebenso wie über sein oberhirtliches Wirken. Weil diese im Archivio Segreto Vaticano verwahrten Relationen, die sog. Ad-limina-Berichte, sich in vielerlei Hinsicht als informativ erweisen, sollen sie der wissenschaftlichen Forschung im vollen Wortlaut zur Verfügung gestellt werden
Three Essays on Success Factors of Digital and Non-digital Services
Get PDFIn three studies, this dissertation deals with success factors of digital and non-digital services. More specifically it reveals the role of non-monetary costs for the success of free digital services. Moreover, it deals with customer orientation of frontline employees. It reveals the crucial role of the customer for frontline employees' ability to act in a customer-oriented manner
Vom pädagogischen Handwerk zur Professionalisierung - Lehrerbildung als "profigrafischer" Entwicklungsprozess
Get PDFDie vorliegende Dissertation stellt die Frage, welche strukturellen und inhaltliche Voraussetzungen gegeben sein müssen, um eine enge Theorie-Praxis-Verzahnung in der 1. Phase der Lehrerbildung zu ermöglichen. Dazu wurde ein spiralcurriculares Konzept (Modellcurriculum) entwickelt, in dem die universitären Lehrangebote mit kontinuierlichen Praktikumsphasen und deren Reflexion verbunden sind. Damit soll ein inhaltlicher und organisatorischer Austausch zwischen der Universität, den Studierenden des MCs sowie den beteiligten Lehrkräften als integrale Einheit zwischen Theorie und Praxis ermöglicht werden. Das Konzept wurde empirisch begleitet, indem problemzentrierte Interviews mit den Teilnehmenden, dem Schulamt Passau, dem Praktikumsamt Passau, den Schulleiter/-innen und den mitwirkenden Lehrkräften durchgeführt wurden (N=16). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass spiralcurriculare Strukturen aus universitärer Lehre und Praktika eine raschere Implementierung innovativer Konzepte von der Universität an den Schulen, einschließlich gemeinsamer Reflexionen mit den Studierenden und den Lehrkräften begünstigen. Es ist aber zu fragen, ob das betreuungsintensive Seminarkonzept außerhalb des Pilotversuchs (mit wenigen Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer) auch im Rahmen eines Regelstudiums geleistet werden kann und wie dabei Seminarkonzepte mit vertretbarem Aufwand gebildet werden können
“The Imagined Presidency”: Political Communication as “Narrative” and “Performance” – A Case Study of Barack Obama’s 2008 Presidential Campaign
Get PDFMany communication scholars agree that political communication in the 21st century has permanently changed due to the enormous shifts in mass media communications landscape. Today, political culture and public debate are characterized by a highly individualistic and consumption-oriented electorate conditioned by a hypermedialized public sphere spawned by the so-called “Digital Revolution”.
Confronted with a fluid and volatile communications landscape, political actors of the 21st century have had to develop new strategies to fulfill their functional role in the public arena and satisfy their audiences’ expectations. This has had massive impact on the communication logistics of perhaps the world’s most powerful political office and the ultimate of collective meaning-making and national identity in the United States: that of the American Presidency.
The perception of Barack Obama’s 2008 election campaign as epitomizing such shifts in the collective meaning-making processes lies at the core of this research project. The analyzes Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential election campaign with respect to its underlying communicational and performative concept(s), and its impact on the socio-ontological dimension of the office of the American Presidency in the 21st century.
While storytelling and performative staging have always been crucial to the American presidential office (Cornog 2004; Woodward 2007, Weiss 2008), this research project aims to show how “telling a story” and staging it properly have become the sine qua non for American presidential political communication. This case study of Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential election campaign examines the central role that imaginative processes, their narrative formation and performative staging play in 21st century political dialog. Furthermore the dissertation suggests, that these paradigmatic shifts demand a refinement of existing socio-political concepts of the institution of the American Presidency
Structural and Evolutionary Analysis of Developer Networks
Get PDFLarge-scale software engineering projects are often distributed among a number sites that are geographically separated by a substantial distance. In globally distributed software projects, time zone issues, language and cultural barriers, and a lack of familiarity among members of different sites all introduce coordination complexity and present significant obstacles to achieving a coordinated effort.
For large-scale software engineering projects to satisfy their scheduling and quality goals, many developers must be capable of completing work items in parallel. A key factor to achieving this goal is to remove interdependencies among work items insofar as possible. By applying principles of modularity, work item interdependence can be reduced, but not removed entirely. As a result of uncertainty during the design and implementation phases and incomplete or misunderstood design intents, dependencies between work items inevitably arises and leads to requirements for developers to coordinate. The capacity of a project to satisfy coordination needs depends on how the work items are distributed among developers and how developers are organizationally arranged, among other factors. When coordination requirements fail to be recognized and appropriately managed, anecdotal evidence and prior empirical studies indicate that this condition results in decreased product quality and developer productivity. In essence, properties of the socio-technical environment, comprised of developers and the tasks they must complete, provides important insights concerning the project's capacity to meet product quality and scheduling goals. In this dissertation, we make contributions to support socio-technical analyses of software projects by developing approaches for abstracting and analyzing the technical and social activities of developers. More specifically, we propose a fine-grained, verifiable, and fully automated approach to obtain a proper view on developer coordination, based on commit information and source-code structure, mined from version-control systems. We apply methodology from network analysis and machine learning to identify developer communities automatically. To evaluate our approach, we analyze ten open-source projects with complex and active histories, written in various programming languages. By surveying 53 open-source developers from the ten projects, we validate the accuracy of the extracted developer network and the authenticity of the inferred community structure. Our results indicate that developers of open-source projects form statistically significant community structures and this particular network view largely coincides with developers' perceptions.
Equipped with a valid network view on developer coordination, we extend our approach to analyze the evolutionary nature of developer coordination. By means of a longitudinal empirical study of 18 large open-source projects, we examine and discuss the evolutionary principles that govern the coordination of developers. We found that the implicit and self-organizing structure of developer coordination is ubiquitously described by non-random organizational principles that defy conventional software-engineering wisdom. In particular, we found that: (a) developers form scale-free networks, in which the majority of coordination requirements arise among an extremely small number of developers, (b) developers tend to accumulate coordination requirements with more and more developers over time, presumably limited by an upper bound, and (c) initially developers are hierarchically arranged, but over time, form a hybrid structure, in which highly central developers are hierarchically arranged and all other developers are not. Our results suggest that the organizational structure of large software projects is constrained to evolve towards a state that balances the costs and benefits of coordination, and the mechanisms used to achieve this state depend on the project's scale.
As a final contribution, we use developer networks to establish a richer understanding of the different roles that developers play in a project. Developers of open-source projects are often classified according to core and peripheral roles. Typically, count-based operationalizations, which rely on simple counts of individual developer activities (e.g., number of commits), are used for this purpose, but there is concern regarding their validity and ability to elicit meaningful insights. To shed light on this issue, we investigate whether count-based operationalizations of developer roles produce consistent results, and we validate them with respect to developers' perceptions by surveying 166 developers. We improve over the state of the art by proposing a relational perspective on developer roles, using our fine-grained developer networks, and by examining developer roles in terms of developers' positions and stability within the developer network. In a study of 10 substantial open-source projects, we found that the primary difference between the count-based and our proposed network-based core--peripheral operationalizations is that the network-based ones agree more with developer perception than count-based ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a relational perspective can reveal further meaningful insights, such as that core developers exhibit high positional stability, upper positions in the hierarchy, and high levels of coordination with other core developers, which confirms assumptions of previous work.
Overall, our research demonstrates that data stored in software repositories, paired with appropriate analysis approaches, can elicit valuable, practical, and valid insights concerning socio-technical aspects of software development
Robust Entity Linking in Heterogeneous Domains
Get PDFEntity Linking is the task of mapping terms in arbitrary documents to entities in a knowledge base by identifying the correct semantic meaning. It is applied in the extraction of structured data in RDF (Resource Description Framework) from textual documents, but equally so in facilitating artificial intelligence applications, such as Semantic Search, Reasoning and Question and Answering. Most existing Entity Linking systems were optimized for specific domains (e.g., general domain, biomedical domain), knowledge base types (e.g., DBpedia, Wikipedia), or document structures (e.g., tables) and types (e.g., news articles, tweets). This led to very specialized systems that lack robustness and are only applicable for very specific tasks. In this regard, this work focuses on the research and development of a robust Entity Linking system in terms of domains, knowledge base types, and document structures and types.
To create a robust Entity Linking system, we first analyze the following three crucial components of an Entity Linking algorithm in terms of robustness criteria: (i) the underlying knowledge base, (ii) the entity relatedness measure, and (iii) the textual context matching technique. Based on the analyzed components, our scientific contributions are three-fold. First, we show that a federated approach leveraging knowledge from various knowledge base types can significantly improve robustness in Entity Linking systems. Second, we propose a new state-of-the-art, robust entity relatedness measure for topical coherence computation based on semantic entity embeddings. Third, we present the neural-network-based approach Doc2Vec as a textual context matching technique for robust Entity Linking.
Based on our previous findings and outcomes, our main contribution in this work is DoSeR (Disambiguation of Semantic Resources). DoSeR is a robust, knowledge-base-agnostic Entity Linking framework that extracts relevant entity information from multiple knowledge bases in a fully automatic way. The integrated algorithm represents a collective, graph-based approach that utilizes semantic entity and document embeddings for entity relatedness and textual context matching computation. Our evaluation shows, that DoSeR achieves state-of-the-art results over a wide range of different document structures (e.g., tables), document types (e.g., news documents) and domains (e.g., general domain, biomedical domain). In this context, DoSeR outperforms all other (publicly available) Entity Linking algorithms on most data sets
An Evaluation Methodology for Virtual Network Embedding
Get PDFThe increasing scale and complexity of computer networks imposes a need for highly flexible management mechanisms. The concept of network virtualization promises to provide this flexibility. Multiple arbitrary virtual networks can be constructed on top of a single substrate network. This allows network operators and service providers to tailor their network topologies to the specific needs of any offered service.
However, the assignment of resources proves to be a problem. Each newly defined virtual network must be realized by assigning appropriate physical resources. For a given set of virtual networks, two questions arise: Can all virtual networks be accommodated in the given substrate network? And how should the respective resources be assigned? The underlying problem is commonly known as the Virtual Network Embedding problem. A multitude of algorithms has already been proposed, aiming to provide solutions to that problem under various constraints. For the evaluation of these algorithms typically an empirical approach is adopted, using artificially created random problem instances. However, due to complex effects of random problem generation the obtained results can be hard to interpret correctly. A structured evaluation methodology that can avoid these effects is currently missing.
This thesis aims to fill that gap. Based on a thorough understanding of the problem itself, the effects of random problem generation are highlighted. A new simulation architecture is defined, increasing the flexibility for experimentation with embedding algorithms. A novel way of generating embedding problems is presented which migitates the effects of conventional problem generation approaches. An evaluation using these newly defined concepts demonstrates how new insights on algorithm behavior can be gained. The proposed concepts support experimenters in obtaining more precise and tangible evaluation data for embedding algorithms