Indo. J. Chem. Res.
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Waktu Optimum Hidrolisis Pati Limbah Hasil Olahan Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu) Menjadi Gula Cair Menggunakan Enzim α-Amilase Dan Glukoamilase
Get PDFThis study aims to determine optimum time of action of the enzyme α-amylase and glucoamylase needed in hydrolyze of starch from waste processed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu). This research was conducted through three main stages, namely the gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification. The method was used method are liquefaction and saccharification. The variation time of the stage liquefaction: 12; 24; 36; 48; 60; and 72 minutes and the saccharification stage are: 9; 18; 27; 36; 45; 54; and 63 hours. The results showed that the optimum time required for stage liquefaction using α-amylase enzyme is 48 minutes on the condition of a temperature of 80 oC with a value of 0.09% amylose levels were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum time required for saccharification step using a glucoamylase which is 54 hours on the conditions of a temperature of 50oC with the amount of reducing sugar concentration of 9.186 g/L as measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Isolasi, Identifikasi, Karakterisasi Dan Uji Toksisitas Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Fraksi Nonpolar Akar Babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L)
Get PDFAgeratum Conyzoides L. has a toxic and bioactive component as anti-cancer and especially for the root, it has anti-tumor. In order to figure out the active component, it is necessary to do four steps; isolation, identification, characterization, and toxicity essay Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) of non-polar fraction Ageratum conyzoides L plant. Isolation method consist of four parts; extraction, partitioning of Kupchan method, fractionation, and purification. Fractionation method uses press column chromatography (KTT). Furthermore, purification process uses thin layer chromatography (TLC) and characterization with spectroscopy FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Then characterization utilizes spectroscopy FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The toxicity essay toward Artemia Salina Leach n-hexane fraction and dichloromethane fraction showed that the fraction had toxic properties with number of LC50 are 0,0237 and 4,642 µg/mL respectively. Moreover, n-hexane fraction has succeed in isolating Stigmasterol compound shaped white crystalline needles with 19.6 mg weight, 143-144 °C melting point and and had toxic properties with number of LC50 are 30,33 µg/mL
Isolasi Kitosan Dari Tudung Jamur Merang (Vollvariella Volvaceae) Dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Absorben Logam Timbal (Pb)
Get PDFChitosan isolated from mushroom (Vollariella volvaceae) as adsorbent of lead (Pb) metal has been done. The isolation of chitosan was obtained 2.94% from total weight of mushroom. Fungtional groups of chitin and chitosan were indentified by using FTIR spectrophotometry. The chitosan had 74.66% degree of deacetylation and 2.09 x 104 g/mol viscosity molecular weight. The experimental data of the chitosan as adsorbent for Pb metal were correlated with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb based on the Langmuir isotherm model was 2.66 mg/g
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Ekstrak Buah Kawista (Limonia Acidissima) Menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis
Get PDFAntioxidant activity test has been done on kawista fruit. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of kawista based on the test using UV-Vis spectrophotometer conducted wavelength (l) 516 nm. The kawista fruit is extracted by reflux using methanol solvent. The extracts were made at concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm and 250 ppm. The results showed that the antioxidant activity based on IC50 values obtained on kawista fruit extract samples had a concentration of 1275 mg / ml. The results obtained are at the level of IC50> 150 mg/ml, this indicates that the kawista fruit have weak antioxidant ability
Kinetika Adsorpsi Zat Warna Metilen Biru Oleh Karbon Aktif Dari Kulit Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana (L) Willd)
Get PDFThe adsorption of methylene blue dye by active carbon of hazelnut shell has been done. Through acquired active carbon composing process, where is the hazelnut shell at entry into furnace on temperature 350 for 2 hour, afterwards is cooled and at sieves by sieve 100 mesh. Then by the calsination process in furnace with temperature 450 one was streamed to gas N2 four 2 hours then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for carbon before activation. The next activated with KOH solution with a concentration 0f 50 four 5 hour, then dried in an ovenat 120℃ for 1 hour and thencharacterized. Weight of the solidacidity before and after activation consecutive (5.3848 x 10-3 dan 42.1554x 10-3) mol g-1. Isotherm adsorption of methylene blue dyes on active carbon was following the Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption kinetics of methylene blue dyes on active carbon in various concentration of hazelnut shell was controlled with temperature variety at 25 and 30 . The result showed that energy activation was kJ mol-1 and a value isg mg-1 menit-1. Adsorption mechanism of methylene blue dyes on active carbon at various concentration of hazelnut shell is chemical adsorption process
Biosorpsi Ion Logam Kadmium (Cd2+) Pada Biosorben Rumput Laut Coklat (Padina australis) Asal Pantai Liti Pulau Kisar
Get PDFThe research about biosorption of Cadmium (Cd2+) metal ion in brown seaweed biosorben (Paladina australis) from Liti beach, Kisar island has been done. Analysis of decreasing Cd2+ content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) and also use FTIR to know functional groups contained in alginate compounds. A total of 0.5 g of brown seaweed powder was introduced into 25 mL of Cd2+ 50 ppm solution with variations of pH 1-7 and shaker for five hours. After the optimum pH was obtained, the adsorption process was applied on pH 5 solution with variation of contact time 1, 3, and 5 hours, after which it was filtered. The result of analysis and calculation showed that Cd2+ ion was optimum at pH 5 of 99.64% and 3 hours contact time was 74.54%
Analisis Serbuk Biji Kelor (Moringa Oleifera, Lamk) dalam Menurunkan Kadar COD dan BOD pada Air Limbah Jasa Laundry
Get PDFWater pollution at this time is very apprehensive; especially many laundry businesses are located around the home residents. Waste laundry waste water is a derivative of organic substances. The content of organic substances in waste water laundry services has resulted in high levels of COD and BOD of water, which can cause pollution to the environment and become toxic to life in the water. Therefore it is necessary to do a solution to overcome the contamination, such as by using coagulant seed of Moringa Oleifera, Lamk. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera, Lamk seed coagulant in lowering the levels of COD and BOD on laundry waste laundry services. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the excellent COD decrease obtained at the weight of 0.7 grams of 250.00 mg / L with an efficiency of 35%, while the BOD measurement, the best weight in lowering BOD levels is 3.6 grams amounted to 11.616 mg / L with a decrease presentation worth 57.66%
Pengaruh Perbedaan Kondisi Hidrolisis Terhadap Hasil Isolasi Nanokristalin Selulosa Dari Bonggol Jagung
Get PDFCellulose is one of the largest components in corncobs. Cellulose was obtained from corncob in this research that has a yield of 19.6% of 20 grams of corncob powder. The isolated cellulose was characterized by using FTIR and SEM. Cellulose has crystalline chain and insoluble in water or organic solvents. The molecular chain of cellulose is linear and has intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. One way for cellulose to be easy in the treatment of applications, is to convert microcrystalline cellulose into nanocrystalline cellulose. Nanocrystalline cellulose can be obtained by several methods, one of them by acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of cellulose by using sulfuric acid produces nanocrystalline cellulose. Nanocrystalline cellulose can be characterized by using TEM and PSA analysis. CNC 60 has a particle size distribution with a diameter range of 14.3 nm - 45.0 nm and an average diameter of 17.4 nm. Whereas cellulose with CNC 90 has a smaller particle size distribution with a diameter range of 10.0 nm - 17.1 nm and an average diameter of 11.9 nm
Fotodegradasi High Density Polyethylene Yang Mengandung Aditif Okso-Biodegradasi
Get PDFHigh Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a type of plastic that widely used for packaging because it has good mechanical properties. HDPE is naturally non-biodegradable, and the consequence it will increase plastic waste that will damage the environment. To increase their biodegradability, it is necessary to add an oxo-biodegradation additive in the form of a stearate metal compound. This oxo-biodegradation additive is a chromophore that can absorb UV light. Polyethylene oxo-biodegradation films are prepared by mixing HDPE and cobalt stearate to homogeneous on various compositions. To know the effect of adding cobalt stearate into HDPE has done by photodegradation process. The polyethylene oxo-biodegradation film was given irradiation using UV light in the wavelength range 280-300 nm at room temperature for 10 days. After irradiation, in the ATR spectrum shows an absorption peak at 1712 cm-1 wavenumber indicatied the presence of a carbonyl group with a stronger intensity. The higher concentration of cobalt stearate added in HDPE, increases the peak intensity of carbonyl group. This is due to the increasing number of chromophores from cobalt stearate that can absorb UV light, the faster the breakdown of HDPE chains into small fragments so that HDPE is rapidly degraded in nature
Pengaruh Variasi Garam Ammonium Terhadap Keasaman Zeolit Alam Pada Reaksi Perengkahan Minyak Jelantah
Get PDFNatural zeolite modification with the addition of ammonium salt variations was conducted. The modification was conducted by demineralization method, dealumination and followed by activation of ammonium salt. The types of activators were ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium fluoride. The effect of ammonium salt was assessed through acidity parameter with Si/Al ratio variable and applied catalyst for catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil. The results showed that the activation of natural zeolite by using ammonium chloride salt could increase the acidity of natural zeolite with the highest Si/Al ratio about 15.56. Based on the XRF analysis showed that the reduced amount of Na metal in zeolite about 92.8%. The effect of ammonium salt variation on the acidity of natural zeolites was observed by applying a catalyst in the catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil. Physical characteristic of catalytic cracking products from waste cooking oil indicated all products fulfill the solar standards requirement. The results concluded that ammonium chloride salt was the best activator in natural zeolite modification and generally all ammonium salts gave high acidity effect to natural zeolite in catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil