Indo. J. Chem. Res.
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Analisis Logam Nikel (Ni) dalam Air Laut dan Persebarannya di Perairan Teluk Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara
No full textPentingnya mengetahui kandungan logam nikel (Ni) dalam air laut dan persebarannya disekitaran Teluk Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara karena kebolehjadian terjadinya pencemaran limbah domestik dan akumulasi sedimentasi di badan perairan yang terbawa melalui aliran sungai dan drainase perkotaan. Penelitian ini menyajikan beberapa korelasi antara aktivitas keramaian masyarakat dengan tingkat kandungan logam Ni disekitaran Teluk Kendari yang dianalisis menggunakan instrumentasi spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Penentuan 5 titik lokasi berbeda dipilih berdasarkan banyaknya kegiatan aktivitas masyarakat. Selanjutnya, sampel diambil masing-masing sebanyak 1 Liter sejauh ±100 m dari garis pantai yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan instrument SSA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan aktivitas keramaian kegiatan masyarakat terhadap tingginya kandungan logam Ni yang terakumulasi dalam air laut Teluk Kendari. Kandungan logam Ni yang diperoleh bervariasi berturut-turut T1< T4< T3< T2> T5 yaitu 0,047; 0,052; 0,063; 0,068; 0,073. Berdasarkan baku mutu, standar kandungan Ni dalam air laut sebesar 0,05 mg/L, sehingga pada T2, T3, T4, dan T5 dinyatakan telah melebihi ambang batas. Hal ini disebabkan lokasi tersebut maraknya aktivitas masyarakat sehingga kebolehjadian nilai logam Ni juga meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi terkini terkait wilayah pencemaran lingkungan akibat akumulasi logam berat dan juga bagi masyarakat agar tidak mengkonsumsi ikan yang diperoleh dari Teluk Kendari
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC for Quantification Mangiferin in Extract of Three Species Mango Leaves
Get PDFThe stability indication of Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was validated for quantitative determination of mangiferin on three species mango leaves (Mangifera odorata Griff, Mangifera foetida Lour, and Mangifera indica L.). The samples were extracted by maseration method using methanol and concentrated using rotary evaporator. The method carried out on stationary phase a purospher RP-18 endcapped (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol: phosphoric acid 0.1% (v/v) (31:69); flow rate:0.8 mL/min; solvent methanol, detection was carried out at 258 nm. The analytical performace this measurement is good with the value of linearity (r2=0.998), precision (%RSD=0.649%), and accuration (10.67%). The forced degradation studies were carried out according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The results indicating that the complete separation between degradation products and mangiferin peak occured. The degradation limit of mangiferin 5–20% (according to the guideline of ICH) except in basic condition (100%). The method was succesful applied to determine of the mangiferin in pakel (Mangifera foetida), kweni (Mangifera indica) and kopyor (Mangifera odorata) extract. The mangiferin content was obtained are pakel (9.95%), kopyor (7.40%) and kweni (Mangifera odorata) (2.49%) respectively.Makalah ini menyajikan analisis mangiferin pada tiga spesies daun mangga (Mangifera odorata Griff .; Mangifera foetida Lour .; Mangifera indica L.) menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi Fase Balik (RP-HPLC). Setiap sampel diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut metanol dan dipekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator. Metode analisis, menggunakan sistem RP-HPLC dengan kondisi analisis sebagai berikut fase gerak, metanol: asam fosfat 0,1% (v / v) (31:69); fase diam RPC-18; laju alir: 0,8 ml / menit; pelarut metanol; Panjang gelombang 258 nm. Hasil validasi menunjukkan linearitas yang baik (r = 0,998), presisi (% RSD = 0,649%), dan akurasi (101,67%). Setelah proses validasi, ekstrak daun mangga pakel (Mangifera foetida) dan kopyor (Mangifera odorata) dianalisis dan spesies yang mengandung mangiferin dengan kadar tertinggi adalah pakel (9,95%) diikuti oleh kopyor (7,40%) dan kweni (Mangifera odorata) (2,49%). Studi degradasi paksa juga dilakukan sesuai pedoman ICH. Hasil Uji degradasi paksa menunjukkan adanya pemisahan yang sempurna atara hasil degradasi dan puncak mangiferin.Degradasi mangiferin berada dalam batas (5-20%, sesuai dengan pedoman ICH) kecuali dalam kondisi basa, degradasinya mencapai 100%.
 
Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Daging Buah Kelubi (Eleiodoxa conferta) Bangka Belitung Menggunakan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)
Get PDFAntibacterial tests were carried out using ethanol extract of kelubi meat (Eleidoxa conferta), extraction using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction method with a ratio of 2: 20 for 30 minutes at 60 °C. Antibacterial tests using diffusion methods with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%; positive control of 0.005% amoxillin and DMSO negative control. Antibacterial test results showed that the inhibition zone of ethanol extract in E. coli bacteria with a concentration of 20% was in the moderate category, for a concentration of 40% including the strong category while the concentration of 60%, 80% and 100% was very strong. The inhibition zone of ethanol extract for the S. aureus bacterium with a concentration of 20% is included in the strong category while the concentration of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% is categorized as very strong. From these results it can be concluded that the inhibitory zone in Stapylococcus aureus bacteria is greater than that of E. coli bacteria
Pemilihan Metode Perhitungan Kimia Komputasi Semi-empiris untuk Pengembangan 1,3,4-Thiadiazole
Get PDFComputational chemistry methods are those used to help researchers design chemical compounds optimally, so that experiments and mistakes do not need to be done in the laboratory. This is a very important step because it can save costs, chemicals, and also the time spent. The method used in this study is semi-empirical, while the parameters used in this study are the infrared (IR) spectrum and the core magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum which will be matched with the results of the study. The compound to be investigated is 1,3,4-Thiadiazole is a heterocyclic compound which is very useful in the field of medicines which contain anti-inflammatory, anticancer, glaucoma drugs etc. The results showed the most appropriate calculation method is PM3 based on infrared variation values of 1697.44 and the PRESS value of nuclear magnetic resonance variation of 21.170
Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak dan Pengaruh Penambahan Asam p-Kumarat Untuk Aplikasi Deteksi Melamin
Get PDFBiosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using mangosteen bark extract, modification and its application in detecting melamine has conducted. This research aimed to synthesize AgNPs via bio-reduction method using mangosteen bark extract followed by modification with p-coumaric acid (APK), and evaluating its application detecting melamine. The AgNPs were characterized through ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Observation suggested that an increase of incubation time had affected its surface Plasmon resonance trend. Observation of functional group by FTIR showed that carbonyl group (1707 cm-1) suspected from hydroxyl group (3414 cm-1). Further analysis of crystallite via XRD suggested that nanoparticle size at 30 nm estimated using Debye-Scherer, within the form of unit cells is cubic. Modified AgNPs showed an interaction between APK and particle surface through C=C alkenes (1598 cm-1) and aromatics (1672 cm-1), =C-H aromatic (3070 cm-1), aliphatic C-H (2501 cm-1), C-O (1107 cm-1) and C=O carboxylate (1774 cm-1). The performance of product as melamine detector suggested that the AgNPs-APK had detected melamine in range of concentration from 0.1 to 1000 ppm
Pemodelan Homologi Komparatif FABP Belalang Kembara (Locusta migratoria) Dengan PHYRE2 dan Skrining Virtual Inhibitor Potensial
Get PDFThe outbreak of locusta migratoria has caused a local crisis in production and cultivation of agricultural crops in East Nusa Tenggara Province. FABP (Fatty Acid-Binding Protein) plays an important role in transporting fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria to generate ATP energy for locusta to fly and migrate. FABP inhibition is an attractive strategy to be exploited for novel insecticide development. Comparative homology modeling using Phyre2 had been used to generate two FABP models built from desert locusta (Schistocerca gregaria, 98% percent identity) and mice (Mus musculus, 40% percent identity) FABP protein as templates. Both FABP models showed an acceptable quality of stereochemistry and structural energy with lower atomic clash scores after refinement. Virtual screening identified potent inhibitor candidates with highest affinity energies which are (i) a heterocyclic compound C00628966 (-10.2 kcal/mol) and (iii) an imidazole derivative C15721579 (-8.5 kcal/mol) that were stabilized through a hydrogen bond with Ser53 also (iii) a pyrimidine derivative C73698912 (-8.1 kcal/mol) stabilized through hydrogen bonds with Thr57, Thr62 and Ser55. Their interactions resemble inhibitors that have been known to inhibit homologous FABP in humans. Therefore, these compounds warrant further in vitro validation and assay for development of selective insecticides to control locusta population
Dinamika Reaktor Katalitik Aliran Bolak-Balik untuk Oksidasi Emisi Gas Metana
Get PDFThe performance of a reverse flow reactor (RFR) is strongly influenced by the switching time used to alternate the flow direction. This research aimed to study the effect of the switching time on reactor dynamics including the heat propagation along the bed and reaction rate in the oxidation methane for low concentration using catalytic reverse flow reactor. The experimental results show that the reverse flow operating mode can influence heat propagation along the reactor and reaction conversion. Based on the three switching times was tested, the temperature dynamics formed were in the sliding regime. The effect of switching time on RFR on conversion is very significant. When compared to steady operation, RFR operation provides the highest conversion at smaller switching times. At large switching times, the effect of reversal of flow direction becomes less dominant and reactor behavior approaches steady state
Studi Adsorpsi-Desorpsi Anion Fosfat Pada Bentonit Termodifikasi CTAB
Get PDFAdsorption-desorption studies of phosphate on CTAB modified bentonite have been investigated. The results were characterized by FT-IR spectrometer to determine the functional groups in bentonite and X-ray diffractometer to determine the type of minerals in the bentonite. Adsorption was conducted by shaking 10 mg adsorbent in 5 mL adsorbate solution at the optimum condition of pH, contact time, and concentration. Furthermore, desorption studies were conducted on 5 mL medium of both water and citric acid 0.33 M and using 6.5 mg of adsorbent which has adsorbed phosphate. The results showed that the bentonite has been successfully modified with CTAB. The adsorption capacity of phosphate is 0.028 mmol g-1. Desorption studies showed that the solubility percentage of phosphate anion in citric acid was 0.33 M (73.33%) greater than in water (57.81%) which is a requirement for the use of slow-release fertilizers (SRF)
Bioremediation of Pb and Cd Metal from Inner Ambon Bay Sediment Which Contaminated With Heavy Metal Using Aspergillus niger
Get PDFBioremediation is a method that use microorganism to extract heavy metal from contaminated waste. In this research Aspergillus niger was used to extract heavy metal such as Pb and Cd of marine sediment from Waiheru shore, Inner part of Ambon Bay, which was detected as significantly high heavy metal contaminated site among seven sites. Bioremediation were done using Aspergillus nigers to extract Pb and Cd metal from sediment, then their solubility being measured in filtrate media. Result shows that Cd metal were only detected 15 days after incubation while Pb were detected since the first day incubation. This result also showing the fluctuating solubility of Pb metal. It is suspected that this occurs due to biosorption ability of the fungi that being used which triggers metal accumulation in the cell structure. It is therefore can be concluded that Aspergillus niger can be used in bioremediation of sediment that are being contaminated by Pb and Cd heavy metals
Kinetika Kimia Antibakteri Fraksi Alkana Alifatik Hasil Pirolisis Cangkang Biji Jambu Mete (CNS)
Get PDFChemical kinetics research antibacterial of aliphatic alkane fraction from the results of pyrolysis Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) (Annacardium occidentale L.) on Eschericia coli have been carried out. Cashew nuts are prepared by separating the shell and seeds for pyrolysis and purifying using a fractional distillation device. The results of E. coli anti-bacterial activity test from aliphatic alkane fractional distillation results of cashew nut shell pyrolysis products showed that the inhibitory power was different from each concentration variation of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, with inhibitor zone: 8.02; 7.16; 5.56; 4.52 dan 4.26 mm which indicates that the inhibition is weak category for 12.5% and 25%, medium category for 50%, 75% and 100%. The clear zone that has been formed are calculated in terms of its chemical kinetics including the reaction order and the activity rate constant. The reaction order (n) antibacterial of aliphatic alkane fraction from the results of pyrolysis CNS on E. coli was 0.3145 with a constant activity rate of (k) = 1,7791.