Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (Publishing Systems)
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COMMUNICATION NETWORKS IN BADAN USAHA MILIK PETANI (ENTERPRISE OWNED AND MANAGED BY FARMER'S) IN TEMANGGUNG REGENCY: TOWARDS ADOPTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Get PDFClimate change is viewed as a major obstacle for sustainable agricultural. It affects the quality of seeds, increases the likelihood of pests, interferes with the cultivation and maintenance of crop patterns and livestock. This impact on farming production and farmers’ income. The group-based strategy is one way for empowerment and helping farmers in this adoption process. By participation in farmer groups, the various resources required farmers such as accessing information, knowledge and technology, inputs, credit, promotion, marketing, and networking will increase. All various access as important resources that support farmers to overcome climate change. Farmer groups are also a way in process of advisory services to farmers meant to increase productivity, income, and welfare. Badan Usaha Milik Petani (BUMP) is one of the innovations related to farmer economic institutions. BUMP is enterprise business managed by farmers. Through the FEATI (Farmer's Empowerment Through Agricultural Technology and Information) project, three stubs BUMP were developed in Temanggung Regency in 2012. However, the existence of BUMP in the Temanggung Regency has not been optimally developed. The condition is considered related to the communication network developed by BUMP. This study will investigate the role of communication networks in developing BUMP in Temanggung Regency associated with the existing social structure. By a descriptive qualitative approach, this study aims to identify the BUMP’s structures of communication networks. The location determination purposively, includes two BUMP, i.e. Keung Agro Lestari Co.Ltd (KAL Co.Ltd) and Agro Risen Mastani Co.Ltd (ABM Co.Ltd). The sampling was done by intact system (census) sampling method while data was analyzed by sociometry. The results showed the difference of communication network structure between the two of BUMP. The number of group members and a key actor in the group affects the structure of the communication network, the communication flow, and the solidity of the group and the undertakings related efforts in adapting to climate change
Soil Classification and Land Suitability for Agroforestry of Solo Hulu Watershed
No full textWatershed requires management to diversify the function of sustainable biomass production, provide benefits for the socio-economic benefits and environmental aspects of land cover as a function of media production and water management regulator. It is known that upstream Solo watershed contributes sediment substantially to the silting of Gajah Mungkur reservoirs and carry sediment through Bengawan Solo river flow. Purpose of this study was to determine characteristics of soil and vegetation diversity in upstream Solo watershed area. Research was carried out by analysis of satellite observation and field survey with stratified random sampling method. Result showed that upstream Solo watershed is divided into six soil map units (SMU), soil was encountered into orders of Vertisols, Entisols, Alfisols and Inceptisols. Most areas of upstream Solo watershed was opened-vegetation with steep slope. Agroforestry type applied by public was simple agroforestry included mixed-cropping, barrier of bound and terrace and barrier of land ownership. Main vegetations were teak, mahogany and acacia. Land utilization was marginal with dry month length as an inhibitor factor
SLOW PYROLYSIS OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL WASTES: ANALYSIS OF THERMAL DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR
Get PDFThe use of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gasses that contributes to global climate change. Due to this issue, there is increasing the requirement for the use of renewable materials and development of the additional sustainable process. Agricultural waste that has the property of fast growth, is an alternative renewable energy. In this work the slow pyrolysis of selected agricultural wastes mixture (cassava peel-rice straw, rice straw-rice husk, and cassava peel-rice husk) were studied to determine thermal degradation behavior of the biomass. The process was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at temperatures 325 °C, at 10 °C/min heating rate and at 10 min holding time. Results revealed that the moisture content of agricultural wastes were 4.40 % (cassava peel-rice husk), 5.48 % (rice straw-rice husk) and 8.12 % (cassava peel-rice straw). The devolatilization process of the biomass was taken place in the temperature range from 189 oC to 325 oC. The volatile matter of each sample was 61.5% for cassava peel-rice husk, 58.5 % for rice straw-rice husk and 52.5 % for cassava peel-rice straw
COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ESTABLISHED MARINE CONSERVATION
Get PDFClimate change, which is happening now and has affected the level of ecosystems and populations of Marine Biodiversity. The influence will continue to remember the fishermen on the beach also took the fish with the principle of harvest without planting.This study aims at determining the analysis of the maintenance and preservation of biodiversity in the ocean. This research was conducted in the marine around Lamongan, Indonesia. The analysis technique used is the qualitative analysis carried out to determine the characteristics of Lamongan and quantitative analysis conducted to determine the costs and benefits of the implementation of the Bureau of Marine Biodiversity Conservation. The results of the analysis of costs and benefits of the implementation of Marine Biodiversity Conservation Bureau showed that the benefits received from the operation of the Bureau of Marine Biodiversity Conservation outweigh the costs, shown by Benefit-Cost Analysis>1, it means that policy is feasible. Such benefits include the maintenance and preservation of the benefits that are expected to be a solution to the scarcity of damage and biodiversity in oceans surrounding Lamongan, Indonesia
DISSIMILAR SPOT WELDED BETWEEN ALUMINUM AND STEEL USING COPPER FILLER
Get PDFThe welding point on the metal weld joints is necessary to facilitate the connection of two different materials and material cost savings. It is widely used in manufacturing, especially the automotive and shipbuilding industries. The purpose of this study to determine the quality of the welding by using the welding machine DN-16-1-type AC-point welder against physical and mechanical characteristics of welded joints between steel SS400 point with aluminum Al6061.Welding parameters used are electricity voltage, long welding, the thickness of aluminum, and the addition of filler. Voltage electricity using 3.20 volts and 2.67 volts at 10 seconds, 7.5 seconds, and 5 seconds. This study used two different materials is aluminum alloy Al6061 thickness 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm and 3 mm and low carbon steel SS400 thickness 2,3 mm with a material thickness of 0.2 mm copper filler. Making specimen welding refers to the standard JIS Z 3139 and for testing the structure of the results of the welds using the macro image and a microphotograph using optical microscopy, testing the tensile strength of the connection with the method of tensile testing, testing microstructure and composition of the nugget to test SEM-EDAX, and testing of violence micro Vickers methods.Welding research specimens obtained the best results in the voltage variation of 2.67 volts welding time 10 seconds, the thickness of 5 mm aluminum and 3.20 volt voltage variation 5 seconds long welding, aluminum thickness of 5 mm. In the tensile test with filler obtained the highest results obtained 34.58 MPa, a low of 12.45 MPa. While the tensile strength without filler gained 106.40 Mpa. Structure nugget optical microscopy test results showed the atoms experience in the area intermetallic bonding interface FeAl and Fe3Al by forming a boundary line between the two materials and columnar appears to grow. Vickers hardness test results on the nugget area have a high hardness at 623.33 HVN at a voltage of 3.20 volts, long welding 5 seconds, and the thickness of the aluminum material on 3 mm without filler
MARINE RESEARCH FOR MANAGING CONFLICT AND COUNTERING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECT IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: CASE STUDY OF ANAMBAS EXPEDITION
Get PDFSouth China Sea (SCS) is the sea with rich of biodiversity and located in a strategic area as well as its huge deposit of oil and gas. This region is claimed in whole or part by six countries: China, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Brunei. Given this conflict acuter and its affect environmental degradation as well as it worsens by climate change, Indonesia initiated an informal diplomacy (Track Two Diplomacy) to reconcile the disputing parties to design cooperation. Cooperation that “low-politics” risk is marine research cooperation. After talks, quite a long since 1990, finally countries surrounding the SCS agreed to do a research collaboration namely Anambas Expedition in Riau Islands in 2002. The study aims to determine the contribution of marine research in conflict management at sea in 2002’s as well as creates awareness of the effect of climate change. This study is a qualitative approach with methods textual analysis through the available documents. The result is a marine research can be the entry point for cooperation by the disputing parties to create mutual understanding
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON BALI MYNA (LEUCOPSAR ROTHSCHILDI) DURING THE LAST DECADE (CASE STUDY: WEST BALI NATIONAL PARK)
Get PDFClimate change is affecting birds worldwide. Such impacts have always been prevailing due to rising temperature or unpredictable rainfall that might be too abundant or little and which in turn bring about dire consequences upon the lives of the endemic bird known as Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi). In this paper, we propose a framework analysis describing the possible patterns of change in the distribution of Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi) population based on climate parameters such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity in hope to better have an improved quantitative methodology meant to identify and describe these patterns. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method recoursing to focus upon sites observation and a deep interview to be carried out while using SPSS 16 in order to know the variables correlation in hope to determine the plausible significance between them that allow us to analyze the effects of environmental variables on bird species in this study. We tested the proposed methodology using data from the West Bali National Park and the existing data of climate variables over the last decade where climate variables are considered to be significant factors influencing the lives of Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi). This study discovers that increases in temperature and precipitation each year have adversely affected the number of Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi) population indicating that the bird’s survival capacity depends largely much on temperature. Besides, it has been perceived that Bali Myna is very reproductive in rainy season but its fluctuations whether high or low impacts them as well. The distribution mapping shows a decline of population in 2006 while an increase was perceived during the last five year period of 2011-2015. Besides, over the same period, a slight increase of 0.4°C in mean temperature was noticed, precisely in Cekik our research site where Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi) are
CLIMATE FIELD SCHOOL (CFS) FOR FARMERS AND STUDENTS: ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE WITH EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT
Get PDFGlobal warming leads to climate uncertainty that threats national food security, and thus the farmer education is required as an adaptation and mitigation strategy to cope with the negative impact. A climate field school is a technology to educate and empower farmers to increase the awareness and resilience on climate change. 0.5 hectare of farmland was cultivated by maize (hybrid variety of Pioneer-35). The land preparation, planting, and crop maintenance was totally organized by 24 farmers and 6 students of Universitas Sebelas Maret, (UNS) Indonesia. Also, daily weather components (air temperatures, rainfall, and relative air humidity) were observed by farmers according to a schedule prepared by farmers. Every decadal (10 days), farmers and students met to observe and discuss the maize’s growth and farm ecosystem. During the decadal meeting, staffs from Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), lecturers from university (UNS) and farm extension workers from government monitored, guided and advised the discussion in turn (according to planned schedule). The results showed that farmers and students’ knowledge on climate change and eco-friendly farming system increase during the climate field school. Extreme rainfall (890 mm for 5 dry months) occurred which was double compared to proper water requirement for maize. Maize’s yield was 10% lower (10.7 t/ha) compared to the conventional system due to totally unused of pesticide, herbicide or other plant protection chemical substances. Farmers also observed that the use of organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer rather produced high yield which can reduce production cost and increase soil health, as well as food safety.