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DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA
Get PDFClimate change occurred in many areas in all over the world, have closely relationship with public health. The climate change brought damage for people’s live. Climate change caused by adding of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide). On the  other hands, people can cause increase of greenhouse gases. This paper discusses relationship between climate change and public health, in the sense of climate change’s “contributions†to environment change, which leads to climate change and another way around the impact of climate change to the public health situation. Evidences from many regions show that climate change caused disasters and extreme weather. Disaster and extreme weather caused death, food scarcity, malnutrition, scarcity of fresh water, hence poor sanitation, change in vector prevalence, air pollution rises, and health risk with additional climate related disease burdens. On another side, some human cause climate change occurred through people’s practices of habbits and behaviors that caused increasing of greenhouse gases. Their practices of felling forest trees excessively and forest burning that caused deforestations, treatment of municipal waste with open dumping method, and used fossil energy excessively. Key words : impact, global climate change, public healt
PERAN PETUGAS LAPAS TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN IMS DAN HIV/AIDS PADA NARAPIDANA
Get PDFThe study aimed to describe the role of prison officers to the prevention of STIs and HIV/AIDS in the Correctional Institution inmates Class II-A Jember conducted a qualitative approach using snowball technique. Indepth interviews was done in six prison officers to obtain a more indepth information about the variables studied. These variables include the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and the role that prison officers against STIs and HIV / AIDS on prisoners. Results showed that at the last general prison officer education is a high educational level (graduate degree) and secondary education level (high school graduate or equivalent) with a length of work <15 years. Average prison officer knowledge about STIs and HIV / AIDS are at moderate and high categories, with the attitude of support. In general, prison officers have a good role in the prevention of STDs and HIV / AIDS, but in certain respects is still room for improvement. Keywords: Prison officer, Prisoner, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), HIV / AID
ANALISIS RISIKO PENCAHAYAAN, VENTILASI DAN KEPADATAN PENGHUNI TERHADAP KEJADIAN TB PARU DESA TANGGUL KULON KECAMATAN TANGGUL KABUPATEN JEMBER
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) still becomes a urgent health problem in the world. According to WHO report, the one-third population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosa (M.tb), and there were more or less two million people per year who died caused by this disease. The spreading of the disease in Tanggul is still high. The objective of this research was to analysis the risk of lighting, ventilation and overcrowding of the house that causing the TB cases. This research was an observational analytic research using case control study design. The number of samples of this research was 64 respondents which consisted of 16 cases and 48 controls. The cases were the people who had positive TB Acid-Fast Bacill(AFB). The controls were the people who were not affected by TB. The Odds ratio analyses were used to find the risk of variable by calculating confident interval. The analysis showed that the less lighting were 4.2 times (95%Cl 1.181-14.937), less ventilation were 5.571 times (95%CI 1.403-22.120) and over crowding were 3.987 times (95%CI 1.006-15.802) more likely to have TB cases. It was suggested to lead people to always open the windows and doors every morning, and to use roofs from glass. Keywords: TB, lighting, ventilation, overcrowdin
HUBUNGAN STATUS SOSIAL ORANG TUA DENGAN KEKERASAN FISIK PADA ANAK UMUR 3-6 TAHUN DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Get PDFChild abuse is defined as any intentional act or series of acts by a parent or other caregivers that results in harm or threat of harm to a child. Under-three children are prone to receive any form of abuses due to the fact that they are entering periods of temper tantrum and egocentrics. In these periods, children usually gets angry easily and cannot control their emotion as well as pose destructive behavior when what they want cannot be fulfilled by their parents. Consequently, this can become a trigger for parents to do physical abuse to their children. In addition, child abuse brings about hazardous effects such as physical injuries and psycopathology. . This was an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. Samples were 164 persons. The independent variable was parents’ social status, the dependent variable was child physical abuse, and the extraneous variables were age, marital status, history of receiving abuses from parents, and child’s status. Data were collected through questionnaire and in-depth interview towards four mothers. The data were then analyzed with univariate analysis using statistic descriptive test, bivariate analysis using chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. There was a significant relationship between parents’ education and child physical abuse (RP=1.3 and CI=1.08-1.57), meaning that the prevalence of child abuse was 1.3 greater in parents with lower educational level than with the higher one. Parents’ occupation was also significantly related with child physical abuse (RP=1.61 and CI=1.04-2.48), meaning that the prevalence of child abuse was greater in children who had parents with lower occupational level than with higher one. Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between parents’ income and child abuse (RP=1.08 CI=0.92-1.27). The extraneous variables having risks toward child abuse were parents’ marital status and history of receiving abuses from parents. Parents’ social statuses that were significantly related with child physical abuse were education and occupation. Forms of abuses received by children were being pinched, being beaten, being hit or being tweaked. Keywords: Parents’ social status, child abus
ANALISIS KINERJA BIDAN DESA DALAM PELAYANAN NEONATUS DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KABUPATEN LUMAJANG JAWA TIMUR
Get PDFLumajang health center data of 2007-2010 showed that the results of the coverage of neonatal doesn’t reach the target SPM (Minimum Service Standards). Based on a preliminary survey showed that the performance of village midwives in neonatal care not match with the standard set in the SPM, recording the results of neonatal care have not been implemented properly, not maximum utilization of facilities and supervision of the activities carried out by the report results. The aim of this study is to explain how the performance of village midwives in neonatal care in Lumajang. The kind of the research is qualitative descriptive study with cross sectional approach. Main informants is village midwife in Lumajang, by using a purposive sample of 25 sampling.Data collected through in-depth interviews and data processing using the method of content analysis. The results obtained indicate that the performance of village midwives in neonatal care have good standards of tools, services and service schedules, optimal utilization of funds and facilities are not available yet evenly. Supervision needs to have appropriate midwives in neonatal care activities and interpersonal relationships is not maximized
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERJADINYA KONTAK POSITIF DIFTERI DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Get PDFDiphtheria is a reemerging disease. In Jember Regency, diphtheria cases have increased from the year 2009 with 2 cases and 2010 up to 6 cases. Positive contact of diphtheria is a potential source of infection. The objective of this research was to analyze the factors that influence the positive contacts of diphtheria. This research used cross sectional design. This research was conducted in 6 working areas of public health centers in Jember Regency. Subjects were all positive and negative contact cases based on the laboratory results in 2010 from Jember District Health Office. The sampling techniques used were proportional random sampling. The samples involved were 61 people. Data analysis used was logistic regression test with α = 0.05. The research results showed that the significant factors influencing the occurrence of positive contacts of diphtheria were age (0.042) and the closeness of contacts (0.001). Meanwhile, the factors that mostly affected the occurrence of positive contacts of diphtheria were the closeness of contacts with the risk of 12.4 times higher in one-home close contacts than those in neighborhood, school friends and playmates. The recommendations that can be given are to provide prophylaxis on all contacts of diphtheria, to use a mask at the positive contacts of diphtheria, to employ a drug-taking supervisor in the delivery of prophylactic medication, to provide additional immunization of diphtheria toxoids to the age of adolescence and adulthood, and to socialize health-record card keeping ​​. Key words: diphtheria, positive contact
PERBEDAAN KANDUNGAN BAKTERIOLOGIS SUSU SEGAR DITINJAU DARI PEMAKAIAN DESINFEKTAN DAN TANPA DESINFEKTAN PADA AMBING SAPI SEBELUM PEMERAHAN (Studi di Peternakan Sapi Perah Karunia Desa Jong Biru Kabupaten Kediri)
Get PDFBacterial contamination of fresh milk may start when milk is taken from dairy cow’s teat. Accordingly, the hygiene of cow’s udder before milking must be taken into account. Unhygienic cow’s udder may produce milk of low quality. In order to reduce the potential for bacterial contamination of fresh milk, it is necessary to apply disinfectant to cow’s udder before milking. This research aims to analyse the difference in fresh milk bacteriological content in relation to application and non-application of disinfectant to dairy cow’s udder prior to milking, which is located in the “Karunia†Dairy Cow Breeding, village of Jong Biru, Regency of Kediri. This is a purely experimental research. The research design used was the Post-test with control group in which a replication was performed twice. A simple stratified random sampling was organized of which the samples criteria comprised lactating dairy cow that did not suffer from mastitis. The number of the required samples was 10 Holstein dairy cows for control group and 10 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows for treatment group. The data analysis used was the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, which was followed by the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test with . The results of research indicate that the fresh milk bacteriological content of treatment group is lower than the fresh milk bacteriological content of control group. Results of analysis also show p=0,000 which means that there is a significant difference between the cow’s udder in the “Karunia†Dairy Cow Breeding which is cleaned by warm water mixed with disinfectant before milking and the one which is cleaned only by warm water in its fresh milk bacteriological content. Keywords: cow’s udder, bacteriological content, fresh mil
BUDAYA KESELAMATAN PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT X KABUPATEN JEMBER
Get PDFPatient safety is a priority for implementation of the five important safety issues in hospital, because of patient safety issues related to the quality and image of the hospital it self. Diversity and regularity of the service if it is not managed properly can occur Safety Patient Incident, it’s consisting of Adverse Event, Near Miss, Incidentand Hazard (Depkes,2006). Based on data report of patient safety incidents X Hospital at JemberDistric 2011 to 2012 anincrease of patient safety incidents. It is appropiate with national guidelines hospitalpatient safety, the first step patient safety program at the hospital is building a patient safetyculture. The purpose of this research is a deskriptif study was to describe patient safety culture at inpatient of Hospital X Jember District. Indepth interview do to inpatient nurses using interview guide. Nurses who responded to as many 113 nurses wereselected by proportional random sampling.This study using cross sectional approach. The results showed that the indicator of patient safety culture for cooperation in both categories, communication in both categories, leadership in fairly categories, reporting in fairly categories and response is not punishing also in fairly categories. The conclusion of this study is the need for improvements to the leadership indicators, reporting, and response is not to punish.Key words : Patient, culture, nurs
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KINERJA PETUGAS TUBERKULOSIS (TB) PUSKESMAS DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Get PDFThe realization of Case Detection Rate (CDR) per primary health center was still below the target, namely 55 % of the total 49 Primary Health Center. Although there was a positif trend of increase of realization of the CDR target, however the increase was relatively slow, only 2 % per annum. The realization of CDR in Primary Health Center was very much affected by; first, the active participation of the community (passive case detection); second, the participation of private health services nearby the primary health centers; third, the human resource available at the Primary Health Centers (Performance of the TB officer. The objective of this research was to analyze the factors ( age, knowledge, motivation, incentives), which were dominantly assosiated to performance of the TB officers at the Primary Health Centers in Jember District in 2010. The research used an observational analytical method with cross sectional appoach. The population of the study was all the TB officers at the primary health centers in Jember District. The total samples were 49 persons (total population). The data were collected by using questionnaires and structure interviews. The methods of data analysis were univariate and bivariate. The results of bivariate analysis based on the value of prevalence ratio for each variable were : knowledge (3,112), motivation (2,832), age (2,668) and incentive (1,558). The conculsion of this research, that dominant variables affecting the performance of the TB officers respectively were knowledge, motivatoin, age and incentives. Key word : Performance TB of officers at Primary Health Center
INSTRUKSI KONTROL PLAK DAN SKALING SEBAGAI METODE PERAWATAN GINGIVITIS PUBERTAS PADA SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN
Get PDFThe prevalence of gingivitis increased in the puberty periods (Puberty gingivitis). Most of students of pesantren were in puberty age. The students of pesantren have a limited access to get periodontal treatment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of control plaque instruction and scaling with hand instrument for the reduction of puberty gingivitis in students of pesantren. The study sample consisted of 61 females aged puberty at a pesantren in Jember. Prior the study, the Plaque Index and Gingival Index were recorded. The sample then received plaque control instructions and scaling with hand instruments. Follow-up exams were made one month after treatment. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon sign rank test. The Plaque Index and Gingival Index score decrease significantly between baseline and examinations at 30 days (p<0.05). The result showed that plaque control instructions and scaling with hand instruments is efficient to reverse puberty gingivitis. Plaque control instructions and scaling with hand instruments is a simple and inexpensive method of puberty gingivitis treatment in students of pesantren. Key Words: puberty gingivitis, plaque control, scalin