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Problem Pengelolaan Madrasah Aliyah dan Solusinya
Get PDFMany High Schools (Aliyah) in Indonesia are faced with one of the following problems: low operational expenditure, poor human resources, unsettled contract with the teachers, small number of the teachers, and poor facilities. This paper tries to speak of the practical ways to come to terms with such problems. These practical ways -some of which are related to money- are in fact ideals. These ideals in one way or another are the foundations for the practical problems that our schools face. By ideals we mean such values as determination, discipline, and right vision for the school. The paper argues that money is not a magic stick that may solve all problems. he key is that all elements of school must use the best they have to realize the best they want to achieve. Practical problems may be solved by ideals, obsessions and dreams. In a country where money is rare, the vision and orientation of our education should change the character of the educated from being money-oriented to ideals-oriented
Dhat dan Sifah Tuhan dalam Konsep Tauhid Muktazilah
Get PDFIn Islamic thought, Mu?tazilah has been classified as a rational form of current of thought. This paper is interested in exploring in a deeper manner this Mutazilite rationalism be referring specirfically to its concept of tauhid. We argue that Mu?tazilah is concerned simply with presenting this concept in its purest form. Hence, they reject the notion of God having similarity with His creatures (tashb?h) and of Him having earthly body (tajs?m). Interestingly however, the Muktzilah is not always consistent with this general hypothesis, and argue for example that the attributes of God?like His words, the Qur?an?are created (makhl?q). We will try to expose that inconsistence as part of our critique to the Mu?tazilah. The paper will also discuss proportionately the problems of tawh ?d rub?b?yah and tauhid al-dh?t wa al-s ifah, of which the Mu?tazilah has given reasonably especial attention. With regard to tauhid ul?h?yah, the paper will only speak in general terms considering that the concept has not recived a clear explanation of the Mu?tazilah. We understand nonetheless that this latter concept is about a rasional argumentation concerning the existence of God
Membangun Konstruksi Keilmuan Ekonomi Islam
Get PDFTheories of Islamic economics have formed part and parcel of the global study on economy. Practically on the other hand, Islamic economics have shown its competing ability andreceived in turn a cheerful welcome from the business community as well as from the masses at the global stage. This paper is an attempt to make a contribution in the field of what we may call the scientific construction of Islamic economics. The paper proposes that this science consists of two aspects, namely value and knowledge. With regards to the latter, on which this paper will pay its major attention, the role of methodology is crucial. This paper will therefore touch on this issue and the role of methodology in inventing knowledge and in the analysis of economic datum. Here by methodology we mean particularly fiqh. We contend that fiqh is in itself methodology. It is rich with methodological tools such as the concept of maqashid al-syariah (the purpose of divine law) which may be used not only to analyze economic datum but also to provide a schemata in resolving some economic problems. By speaking of fiqh as a science of economics we hope to pave the way for the possible invention of the science of economics based on fiqh and its philosophy
Ulama Perempuan dan Dekonstruksi Fiqih Patriarkis
Get PDFIn the historiography of Islam, female ulama did not as yet receive a sufficient attention from both the historians and the masses. It is this unfortunate thing that this paper is concerned with. It traces the origin of this marginalization?as it were?and finds out that all this is due to the domination of male ulama in the whole history of Islamic thought. While this domination might be acceptable for some, the unfortunate thing is that the male ulama in their turn will offer the patriarchal interpretation of Islam often at the expenses of women. This paper challenges this form of interpretation and calls for the necessity of methodological deconstruction toward a better and more humane understanding of Islam. It supports the efforts of Muhammad Arkoun whose critical method focuses on four stages of analysis in relation to the interpretation of religious text. These are historical analysis, anthropological, sociological and linguistic analysis. The first three are contextual while the fourth is textual. In its analysis, the paper employs an approach that represents a sound and acceptable balance between patriarchy and matriarchy. It believes that gender-based prejudices must be eradicated if we are to produce enlightened discourses of religion
Kritik Ḥadīth dalam Perspektif Studi Kontemporer
Get PDFCritical studies of ḥadīth do not always aim at arguing against the legitimacy of ḥadīth as one of the sources of Islamic Law. Nor do it doubt ?like many orientalist would do- the authenticity of the ḥadīth as a source of Islamic teaching. Critical studies of ḥadīth are about investigating the accuracy and validity of the narration chain. Considering that many ḥadīths take a long period of time before they are being narrated, inaccuracy might have taken place in that process. Therefore a critique is needed. In the context of contemporary life, a critique is even more needed especially that which looks at ḥadīth in terms of its relation with modern science, technology, gender issues, human rights, freedom of expression, and so on. This paper discusses the notion of the critical studies of ḥadīth in contemporary life by focusing on four issues (1) the cognitive foundation of the studies, (2) the objects of the critique, (3) the necessity of the critique, and (4) the normative standards of the critique
Menimbang Gagasan Farid Esack Tentang Solidaritas Lintas Agama
Get PDFInter-religious conflict has been part of the history of religions. To the dismay of many, the conflict has escalated from time to time overshadowing the benevolent nature of religions as a blessing for mankind. Hence, instead of addressing the formidable problems of poverty, backwardness, ignorance, injustice, oppression and the like, people of different religions in one way or another are dragged into the acts of violence. It is this unfortunate development in the history of religions that we are interested in discussing by appealing to the ideas of Farid Esack who has established himself as an international scholar of Islam. We portray Esack as a man whose attention is being paid solely to promote the inter-religious dialogue with a single purpose in mind, to push peace and harmony for all regardless of their race and religion. We are particularly interested in developing further the idea of what he calls a ?productive dialogue? in which an awareness of religious solidarity constitutes an integral part. We will try to expose the ?hermeneutics of awareness? to get a better idea of what Esack is trying to do as far as social harmony is concerned. Within this scheme we will also discuss some other related issues such as the problem of pluralism and liberation. We argue that Esack sees the problem of social harmony as essentially theological and not simply political. It is therefore the task of religion?and not simply of politic?to deal with such problem
Tumbuh Kembang Nilai-nilai Keislaman di Kalangan Siswa-Siswi SMA di Surabaya Utara
Get PDFThis paper discusses the highly controversial issues in the northern part of Surabaya; an issue that has attracted the attention of both parents and teachers alike, the issue of High School students? attachment to the values of Islam. Many worried that given their attitude, these students have no concern whatsoever with the basic principles of Islam. This paper will show the otherwise by investigating carefully the notion of career choice among these students. This specific field of investigation has not received proportional attention from any field researcher apart from its significance both to the state of our education and moral conduct. The paper first argues that the attitude of these students is more complicated than many have assumed. It then tries to show that religious values are in fact the strongest determinants in students making their career choice. This theory comes as a serious challenge to many baseless assumptions that as a religion Islam has lost its influence over its younger followers. This research is done in different areas in the northern part of Surabaya. The questionnaires are distributed at random representing each area proportionally. The data are collected through these questionnaires based on the theory of Holland RIASEC
Mekanisme Pertahanan diri Kaum Tarekat
Get PDFSufi orders have been instrumental in the life of the Sufis as centers for spiritual training and education. In these centers the Sufis can elaborate their ideas, and apply them in real life. In the passages of time however, these orders were no longer considered simply as religious centers but also as social groupings consisting of people committed not only to practice the teaching of their religion but also to get involved in social problems. There are indeed many Sufi orders with different character and upbringing. But as a whole, a Sufi order is mechanism for the spiritual survival of its fellows. This paper tries to look at the other side of the matter and argues that a Sufi order is not only spiritual in its nature but is also social. It treats Sufi orders as a social body that functions socially to help the murids to survive socially and not spiritually. We believe that the extinction of some Sufi orders is due mainly to their inability to curb with social issues and not because of the nature of their spiritual teaching. The survival of any Sufi order in other words depends very much on its social mechanism and not on the strength of its spiritual dictum
Evolusi Sharī'ah dan Wacana Fiqih
Get PDFSharī'ah has always been deemed as an integral part of Muslims life. As a binding and commanding divine law, Sharī'ah has in other words been internalized in the being and existence of Muslims through their obedience and regular practice. The question that this paper tries to answer is whether Sharī'ah is divine and transcendent, or is it evolving from being transcendent to becoming mere ideas and legal dictum of the ulama? To delve into this question the paper begins by saying that any legal formulation does stem from observation of social reality. Given the changing nature of social reality ?we argue- the product of legal extrapolation does exhibit some form of evolution. We further argue that so long as the heart of the divine law is human interest (maṣlaṣah) both worldly and heavenly, harī'ah cannot escape from the law of evolution considering that the interest of the vast span of humanity differs from one setting to another. That is why many jurists speak of the Maqasid al-Sharī'ah (the aims of harī'ah) implying that harī'ah does evolve given the multiplicity of these aims. Simply speaking, the paper is directed toward proving that harī'ah cannot be seen as stagnant and that it is subjected?like any other forms of knowledge?to the law of evolution
Kritik Sejarah dan Literasi terhadap Hukum Waris Islam dalam Pandangan David S. Powers
Get PDFConventionally speaking, the current Muslim law of inheritance is habitually considered as a sufficient and final form of legal formula that reflects the true spirit of Islamic Law ordained by God. The majority of Muslims currently are of belief that the ulama of the first generation have passed down to us the most complete and sophisticated set of law based on their acute interpretation of the Qur?an and the Sunnah. This belief however has now been subjected to a severe criticism by the contemporary critiques especially from the like of David S. Powers. His Studies in Qur?an and Hadith: The Formulation of the Islamic Law of Inheritance that employs the historical and literary criticism approach discovered that there are other sides of Muslim inheritance law. This work challenges the established belief among the traditional Muslims and offers a new legal paradigm whereby a legal ruling must bee seen as reflecting a social and historical dimension. This paper in every respect is a critical review of Powers? book