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Multi-objective Quantum Genetic Algorithm for classical Job-shop scheduling
Get PDFThe problem of scheduling resources effectively occurs in many real-world use cases. At the same time, it is considered one of the most difficult combinatorial optimization problems to solve as the problem size grows. This is why many metaheuristic algorithms have been designed to solve different scheduling problems over the years. This paper explores the feasibility of using a quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (QGA) to solve the multi-objective job-shop scheduling problem (JSSP) on classical computers. Given that most real-world problems addressed by evolutionary algorithms have exceedingly large search spaces, exploring and incorporating quantum computing concepts into evolutionary algorithms to solve these problems presents an intriguing research avenue to investigate.
To gain insight on the feasibility of applying quantum-inspired components to genetic algorithms (GA), it was explored how different quantum representations can be designed to improve the optimization of the multi-objective JSSP. There was developed three similar quantum multi-objective genetic algorithms (QMGA) based on NSGA-II, but with different concepts for the representation. These algorithms were then tested on several well-known JSSP benchmarks, and the performance was compared to an NSGA-II implementation for the multi-objective JSSP. Experimental results demonstrate that incorporating quantum-inspired components into a classical genetic algorithm can improve the solution quality and convergence when addressing the multi-objective JSSP
ET BÆREKRAFTIG NASJONALMUSEUM? En studie av miljømessig bærekraft i agendasetting og politikkutforming
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Denne masteroppgaven undersøker hvordan miljømessig bærekraft ble løftet frem på agendaen og utformet i praksis ved utbyggingen av det nye Nasjonalmuseet på Vestbanen. Formålet med det nye Nasjonalmuseet baserte seg på kulturpolitiske ambisjoner om å formidle kunst og kultur både nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Utbyggingen av museet har imidlertid også vært en arena for å fremme miljømessig bærekraft i kultursektoren, i tråd med statlige føringer. Studien benytter kvalitativt forskningsdesign, der dokumentanalyse av 11 offentlige dokumenter og én nettside fra relevante aktører som Kultur- og likestillingsdepartementet, Stortinget, Kommunal- og distriktsdepartementet, Statsbygg og FutureBuilt danner det empiriske grunnlaget. Problemstillingen som besvares er: Hvordan har Nasjonalmuseet utformet løsninger for miljømessig bærekraft?
Gjennom en teoretisk tilnærming til agendasetting og politikkutforming belyses hvordan bærekraft ble initiert, spesifisert, ekspandert og utformet for å realisere miljøambisjonene i prosjektet. Funnene viser at Kultur- og likestillingsdepartement var den initierende aktøren som løftet bærekraft på agendaen, med hovedfokus på CO2-reduskjon, energibruk, materialbruk og robuste løsninger. Bærekraft ble spesifisert gjennom sentrale styringsdokumenter som en naturlig del av prosjektets utbygging, og senere ekspandert til aktører som Kommunal- og distriktsdepartementet, Statsbygg og FutureBuilt. Imidlertid fremkommer det at bærekraftige målsettinger ble betraktet som «noe som lå i bakgrunnen» i prosjektet, hvor de overordnede kulturpolitiske målene om formidling og nasjonal identitet hadde høyere prioritet.
Gjennom analysen av virkemiddelbruk identifiseres særlig organisatoriske og autoritative virkemidler som sentrale for utformingen av bærekraft i prosjektet. Dette inkluderer bruk av tildelingsbrev, kravspesifikasjoner, oppfølgingsplaner, møtereferater og oppdragsbrev, som har sikret at bærekraftige tiltak ble integrert i prosjektets gjennomføring. Statsbygg og FutureBuilt har gjennom tydelige føringer hatt en aktiv rolle i å fremheve Nasjonalmuseet som et forbildeprosjekt, blant annet gjennom kunnskapsformidling. Samtidig viser analysen at økonomiske begrensninger og prioriteringer av samfunnsmål har påvirket hvordan bærekraftambisjonene faktisk ble realisert i praksis.
Oppgaven gir innsikt i hvordan politiske målsettinger om bærekraft omsettes i praksis, med utgangspunkt i Nasjonalmuseet som case. Den gir et empirisk eksempel på statens styringsverktøy og aktørsamspill i den politiske prosessen. Dette har overføringsverdi til fremtidige prosjekter der bærekraft inngår som en sentral del av byggeprosjektet
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How to define a frequent caller to the prehospital emergency medical services? Literature-based vs. data-driven approach
Get PDFObjectives: To provide and test different definitions of a frequent caller to the prehospital emergency medical services, grounded in both literature and empirical data, in order to spark discussion about definitions and how to make studies on frequent callers more comparable.
Methods: A cross-sectional register study of emergency calls made to the Emergency Medical Coordination Center (EMCC) covering the Central Denmark Region in 2022. Three definitions were developed: one as the average number of calls derived from definitions in the previous literature, while the other two were determined using a data-driven approach, representing the top 1% and 0.5% most frequent callers. Unadjusted logistic regression was used to measure odds ratios to examine non-causal associations between predictive factors and frequent callers within each definition.
Results: The analysis included 65,522 emergency calls concerning 49,623 unique individuals. For this specific population, the definitions resulted in the following three thresholds; literature-based definition: ≥43, top 1%: ≥5, and top 0.5%: ≥8 emergency calls per year. There was great variation between the populations of frequent callers captured by the three definitions. Across definitions, frequent callers constituted a relatively small proportion of the total population contacting the EMCC, while they made a significant share of the calls.
Conclusions: We suggest that the 1%-definition is the most suitable for future research on frequent callers to the prehospital EMS as it was able to account for the complexity of this group of citizens and could be applied across prehospital EMS in other contexts and countries. Based on this definition, the most characteristic patterns in emergency calls from frequent callers were low level of urgency, recontact within 24 hours, and more calls due to behavioral, psychological, and unclear problems compared to non-frequent callers.publishedVersio
Fra praksis til podkast
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Denne studien utforsker hvordan et rammeverk for profesjonsutvikling kan utformes ved bruk av casebaserte workshops og podkast som verktøy for refleksjon og deling. Med et økende behov for metoder for kollektiv læring og erfaringsutveksling i skolen, undersøker denne studien hvordan man kan legge til rette for dialog og refleksjon rundt praksisnære problemstillinger. Studien tar for seg spørsmålet om hvordan et rammeverk som støtter profesjonsutvikling ved hjelp av casebasert workshop med podkast som medium kan utformes for lærere.
Studien følger en designbasert forskningstilnærming, der ulike tilnærminger til casearbeid og podkastproduksjon prøves ut i samarbeid med lærere og lærerstudenter. Gjennom sykliske iterasjoner av utprøving, evaluering og videreutvikling har konkrete elementer blitt utviklet for å støtte lærere i å reflektere over og dele erfaringer knyttet til praksis. Dette har resultert i en metode kalt PVP-metoden, som er ment å veilede lærere i hvordan casebaserte workshops kan kombineres med produksjon av korte podkastepisoder for å fremme dialog og kollektiv refleksjon. Ytterligere ressurser, som refleksjonskort, er utviklet for å støtte opp om prosessen. Til sammen utgjør disse elementene et rammeverk for profesjonsutvikling.
Studien viser at et strukturert rammeverk med tilrettelagte metoder for casearbeid og podkastproduksjon kan være sentralt for å legge til rette for kollektiv refleksjon og deling av erfaringer blant lærere. Litteraturen antyder at når lærere støttes gjennom et slikt rammeverk, kan det bidra til økt dialog, utvikling av felles forståelse og styrking av profesjonelt skjønn i skolen
Kvinners plass i sportssendingene En kvantitativ innholdsanalyse av Dagsrevyen 21 sin sportsspalte gjennom 10 år
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Følgende oppgave tar for seg en kvantitativ innholdsanalyse av NRK Dagsrevyen 21 sin sportsspalte. I tillegg til hvordan Dagsrevyen 21 sin sportsspalte har utviklet seg i dekningen av kvinnesport sammenlignet med herresport fra 2013 til 2023. NRK har en rekke ansvar knyttet til at de er et statlig eid selskap samt at de er allmennkringkaster. Historisk sett har sporten og mediesporten vært svært mannstung, og kvinner har fått liten plass.
Analysens hovedfunn viser at Dagsrevyen 21 sin sportsspalte dekker mer herresport enn kvinnesport i de fleste variablene som er undersøkt i alle de 10 årene fra 2013 til 2023. Den eneste variabelen der kvinner er representert mer enn menn er som programleder i sportsspalten. Det er ingen klar og jevn utvikling av variablene som er undersøkt, men funnene viser at dekningen er noe jevnere i 2023 enn i 2013 på de fleste variablene.
NRK Dagsrevyen 21 sin sportsspalte har utviklet seg til å gi noe mer plass til kvinner i sin sportsspalte sammenlignet med menn. Det er dog ingen jevn stigende utvikling, men funnene viser at kvinner dekkes mer og får noe mer plass i sportsspalten i 2023 enn de fikk i 2013, med unntak av rollen som programleder, der utviklingen har vært at menn har fått mer plass
The Effects of Nudging on Diversity and Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFDiversity and inclusion in organizational settings are still under-researched themes despite their societal relevance. In this preregistered systematic literature review, we examine how nudging as an agency-preserving intervention tool can create a more inclusive and diverse workplace. Nudging is rooted in behavioral economics and aims to influence decision-making processes without restricting freedom of choice. Inclusion refers to creating a work environment where everyone feels valued and encouraged to contribute. Diversity reaches beyond demographic factors, fostering more innovative and creative organizational practices, and better decisions. We searched for applications nudging towards diversity and inclusion initiatives at the workplace in four databases: PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed articles published in the last 15 years were included regardless of article type in organizational settings were included. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria. Based on their findings, we show a positive association between the use of nudging techniques to create more inclusive and diverse workplaces and advance a classification of nudge types in this domain. We discuss the importance of being aware of the potential drawbacks and negative consequences of using nudging interventions. Potential drawbacks that may arise include lack of autonomy and overload. Further research is needed to explore which nudging techniques are most effective in promoting diversity and inclusion.publishedVersio
Performance Evaluation of Ceiling Cooling with PCM in the Hot-Dry Climate of Yazd, Iran: An Experimental Analysis of Energy, Environmental, and Economic Impacts
Get PDFThe present study investigates experimental cooling from the ceiling using phase change materials (PCMs) in Yazd, a city characterized by a hot and dry climate. A one-fourth scale model of a real room, measuring 4 m ×3 m ×3 m, was employed for the analysis. To evaluate system performance and the impact of PCM on energy consumption reduction, three configurations were considered: a simple PCM system, a PCM system with a fan (PCM-F), and a PCM system with a mini cooler (PCM-C). Additionally, to assess the influence of window configurations on ventilation, temperature, and comfort conditions within the model, three scenarios were examined: two open windows, one open window, and no windows. The economic analysis compared the two systems with the fan and mini cooler against a full mechanical cooling system without PCMs. Furthermore, CO2 emissions and environmental impacts associated with the systems were also evaluated. The results indicate that the presence of PCMs in the ceiling, due to heat absorption during phase change, leads to a temperature reduction of 5 to 10◦C in the ceiling and a 3.2◦C reduction in the average room temperature compared to the scenario without PCMs. The findings demonstrate that ceiling cooling with PCMs significantly contributes to energy consumption reduction during peak hours of cooling demand. Specifically, the PCM-F system results in a 92% reduction, and the PCM-C system leads to a 71% reduction in total cost compared to the reference mechanical cooling system. Additionally, the PCM-F system achieves approximately a 36% reduction, and the PCM-C system results in a 34% reduction in environmental impact relative to the reference full mechanical cooling system.publishedVersio
“They were sort of in the room with me”: a qualitative study about callers’ experience of video streaming during medical emergency calls
Get PDFBackground During the recent years, emergency services in several countries have integrated video streaming into medical emergency calls, and research on the topic has gained increased focus. Video streaming during medical emergency calls may change dispatcher’s perspective of the call and can be a helpful tool for supervising bystanders’ first aid. Little research exists, however, about the caller’s perspective of video streaming during a medical emergency call. With this study, we explore the caller’s experiences with video streaming.
Methods The study is a qualitative interview study. During a period of five weeks, we recruited respondents from the region of Oslo who had called the medical emergency number 113 and where video streaming had been used by the dispatcher during the call. We conducted 14 semi‑structured individual interviews, in‑person or digitally on Zoom/Teams, from October to December 2023. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and we analyzed them drawing on Malterud’s systematic text condensation.
Results Our material was sorted into three category headings: Increased sense of safety, the unexpected option of video streaming, and emotional discomfort. Most respondents felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could see and assess the situation visually. Several were also positively surprised that video streaming was an option during the call. Some respondents however felt increased stress during the call due to video streaming. Other respondents reflected on the societal taboo of filming ill or injured persons.
Conclusion Most respondents experienced video streaming as a positive addition to the medical emergency call and felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could see the situation. Knowledge of the integration between video streaming and basic communication in a call is nonetheless of great importance, as to not increase stress experienced by the caller. The dispatcher should be sensitive for how the caller will handle video streaming for each call.publishedVersio
“They were sort of in the room with me”: a qualitative study about callers’ experience of video streaming during medical emergency calls
Get PDFBackground During the recent years, emergency services in several countries have integrated video streaming into medical emergency calls, and research on the topic has gained increased focus. Video streaming during medical emergency calls may change dispatcher’s perspective of the call and can be a helpful tool for supervising bystanders’ first aid. Little research exists, however, about the caller’s perspective of video streaming during a medical emergency call. With this study, we explore the caller’s experiences with video streaming.
Methods The study is a qualitative interview study. During a period of five weeks, we recruited respondents from the region of Oslo who had called the medical emergency number 113 and where video streaming had been used by the dispatcher during the call. We conducted 14 semi-structured individual interviews, in-person or digitally on Zoom/Teams, from October to December 2023. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and we analyzed them drawing on Malterud’s systematic text condensation.
Results Our material was sorted into three category headings: Increased sense of safety, the unexpected option of video streaming, and emotional discomfort. Most respondents felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could see and assess the situation visually. Several were also positively surprised that video streaming was an option during the call. Some respondents however felt increased stress during the call due to video streaming. Other respondents reflected on the societal taboo of filming ill or injured persons.
Conclusion Most respondents experienced video streaming as a positive addition to the medical emergency call and felt comforted knowing that the dispatcher could see the situation. Knowledge of the integration between video streaming and basic communication in a call is nonetheless of great importance, as to not increase stress experienced by the caller. The dispatcher should be sensitive for how the caller will handle video streaming for each call.publishedVersio