Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan
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The Hindu-Muslim Interdependence: A Study of Balinese Local Wisdom
Full text linkMuslim communities in the Hindu-majority area of Bali have existed since the 15th century. Since that period, the interdependence between the two religious communities has been something inevitable. This study aims to enrich the treasures of the interdependence discourse that exists between Muslims and Hindus in Bali. It tries to trace the history and early development of Islam in Bali, the relation pattern between Muslims and Hindus, and local wisdom influencing the interdependence in Bali. Data for this study were obtained through observations and interviews with key figures in Klungkung, Bali. After profound analysis, the writer concludes that the emergence of Islam in Bali occurred when Dalem Ketut Ngelesir (1380-1460) visited Majapahit during the vassal royal conference in early 1380 and brought 40 Muslim escorts. This period also marked the early Hindus-Muslim relationship in Bali with Klungkung as the first area with the Muslim community. Later, the relationship between Hindus and Muslims was maintained in the four consecutive periods: kingdom, colonization, post-independence, and the present. Among the local wisdom that has influenced the interdependence and integration between the two religious communities are megibung, ngejot, and religious activities such as the birth of Prophet Muhammad SAW., Nyepi, odalan, takbiran, and Eid al-Fitr
A Soft Approach to Counter Radicalism: The Role of Traditional Islamic Education
Full text linkThis study sheds light on the identity of Islamic education in Indonesia and Singapore to fight against radicalism. This study focuses on comparing Indonesia and Singapore in awakening multicultural consciousness, particularly on philosophical and practical religious education. The crisis of ideology faced by Muslim society in the world has an impact on the genesis of religious movements that legitimate violence and terrorism. This study is based on the sociological perspective and aimed at knowing the philosophical and practical construction of Islamic education in Indonesia and Singapore. The focus of this study is on preventive and persuasive deradicalization. Religious education institutions in both countries have multi principles and practices of education, which is implemented particularly in preventing Islamic ideology that teaches violent values and terrorism. Anticipating the development of understanding radicalism, in both countries, Islamic education has formulated policies that are accommodating with universal values and cosmopolitanism of Islamic civilization. Such efforts are implemented by pesantren and madrasah in Indonesia and Singapore to build harmony among fellow human beings and transmit the character of egalitarian, democratic, humanist, inclusive, and civilized
The Nationalism of Javanese Muslim Clerics: Study on Nationalism Discourse of Kitabs by Kiais of North Coast of Central Java in the XIX-XX Centuries
Full text linkTreasures of the Javanese Muslim clerics (Kiais) thought on nationalism contained in their books have made a valuable contribution in maintaining Indonesia as a unitary state. Their papers discuss not only religious issues but also the values of nationalism. This study is aimed at examining the linguistic dimensions, the praxis-discourse, and the socio-cultural-political aspects of their books. It incorporates both critical discourse analysis and content analysis. From the profound analysis, the study concludes that, first, the texts concerning nationalism in a number of the Kiais’ books can be seen through their linguistic dimension. These linguistic dimensions are partly found in the books written by Kiais from coastal areas. Second, at the level of praxis-discourse, those books are mostly written in Pegon script. The preservation of Arabic Pegon is meant not only to facilitate Javanese society in learning but also to indicate the Kiais' love of the local language, which is part of the national identity. Third, those books were mostly written during the struggle of the Indonesian people against the colonizers. While writing and teaching their religious texts, the pesantren Kiais instill values of the importance of loving and caring for the motherland
Islamic Sharia and Non-Muslim Citizens in Kanunname During Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire
Full text linkThe tolerant spirit of Islam has inspired Ottoman rulers to adopt policies relating to non-Muslim citizens. The leadership crisis in the Ottoman Empire and the Western interests through capitulation have changed judicial system in the empire, including the system for non-Muslims that allows them to conduct their own judiciary and provide absolute freedom of religious matters. Tanzimāt, which is expected to bring improvements to the legislation system in Ottoman Empire, has marginalized Islamic law which is only enforced in aḥwāl al-shakhṣiyyah. Sultan Abdul Hamid II tried to maintain Islamic law by codifying Western European style. Some legal codifications contain qawāid fiqhiyyah (principles of Islamic law) which are sourced from the books of the Hanafi School of jurisprudence, and some others adopt Western laws by taking a few opinions of Islamic jurisprudence. This study analyzed various literatures related to policies towards non-Muslim citizens in the Ottoman era. The study uses descriptive and qualitative methods with a content analysis approach. Broadly speaking, this study found that the Ottoman Empire had given good treatment to non-Muslim citizens. The non-Muslim citizens get various facilities from the State, including the establishment of special institutions that handle their own affairs, although at the same time they have been used by Western countries to support their interests in Ottoman Empire
Reviewing Al-Qaeda's Infiltration in Indonesia: A Historical Reflection
Full text linkAl-Qaeda's infiltration into the Southeast Asian region is inseparable from the existence of Jamaah Islamiyah (JI). Some Jamaah Islamiyah cadres are veterans of the Afghanistan War. Historically Al-Qaeda under the leadership of Osama Bin Laden has trained the military skills of Jamaah Islamiyah cadres to help the Afghan jihadists fight Soviet communism until the Soviets defeated and left Afghanistan. Then Al-Qaeda succeeded in entering Indonesia through the Jamaah Islamiyah network and its cells in Southeast Asia by mobilizing key actors and radical actions. In Indonesia, Jamaah Islamiyah with the support of Al-Qaeda succeeded in carrying out a series of bomb attacks including Bali Bomb (2002), Kuningan Bomb (2004), JW Marriot and Ritz-Carlton Bomb Jakarta (2009). The strategy of the Al-Qaeda movement in Indonesia does not appear openly by forming an underground organization (clandestine). Its existence exists but in the form of a Formless Organization (OTB) for the security of its organization. Their infiltration through these networks has succeeded in bringing in their radical ideology and movements in Indonesia in particular and in the Southeast Asian region in general
The Paradoxical Perception of Religious Leaders and Community Members About Islam Nusantara
Full text linkThis article aims to describe the prejudices of religious leaders and community members about Islam Nusantara. This study also aims to draw the picture of people’s preconceptions about Islam Nusantara and to connect the bigotry of religious leaders, the community, and its relation to the social conflict of the people of Padang. The study employes qualitative and quantitative approaches (mixing methods). The population in this study is 32 religious leaders and 168 community members. Data collection techniques employed are observation, interview, and psychological scale. The sampling method used is a simple random sampling technique. This article employed the Pearson correlation as the data analysis techniques. The results of this study found that generally the negative prejudices of religious leaders about Islam Nusantara were high. At the same time, the social conflict during society is classified as low. Meanwhile, the correlation aspect shows that there is no significant correlation between the views of religious leaders and community members about Islam Nusantara, and social conflict in society
Sociological Study of Harmony in Diversity: Lessons from Salatiga
Full text linkSalatiga is known for its diversity as there are more than 33 tribes living harmoniously together in this city. The existence of two religious-based education institutions, i.e. Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana and Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga further proves the diversity of this city that already exists. Moreover, Salatiga respectively gained the predicate as the most top 10 tolerant cities in Indonesia within three years from a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that promotes tolerance. Based on functional-structural paradigm, society is assumed to be an organic system that has relationships among its parts to maintain the existing system. This study uses the constructivism approach with qualitative methods. The harmony established by CSOs, NGOs, the Government, and religious leaders through programs or activities is aimed to provide motivation and encouragement to the community or society so that they are able to maintain harmony amidst the diversity in Salatiga. Yet, it does not mean that there are no problems or obstacles threating this harmony such as the acts of radicalism from the groups originating from outside Salatiga. The radical groups are trying to mess the tolerance and harmony that has been established for a long time in Salatiga
Male Perspective on Women in Contemporary Indonesian Islamic Literature
Full text link This paper aims at discussing the image of women in contemporary Indonesian Islamic literature after the ‘Indonesian Reformation’ in 1998. In contrast to the previous era, the images of women in this period are presented differently by male writers. Women are depicted more moderate and progressive. This paper applies the method of sociology of literature whereby literature is regarded as a reflection of its society. It employs content analysis of the text to see how Javanese Muslim women are depicted and how the depiction reflects the society. Two novels discussed in this paper are Cinta Suci Zahrana by Habiburrahman El Shirazy and Perempuan Badai by Mustofa W. Hasyim. The results show that these novels raise various issues of Muslim women in contemporary Indonesia. They show that there is a development in presenting the image of Muslim women in Indonesia. There is a development of thoughts, especially about the social status of women. The changes include the level of education, determination of spouse and freedom to participate in public spheres. The level of education obtained by the main characters is an essential milestone in changing women’s position in Indonesian Muslim society. Women are not just an object, but they should be the subject in the life of the Muslim community.
Religious and Tolerant Attitudes of University Students: A Comparative Study
Full text linkThis research focuses on plurality of two Indonesian state university students, namely IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung and Bangka Belitung University. This research aimed at finding out an idea of how the attitude of these PTN students in Bangka Belitung in dealing with the plurality. This quantitative research found that IAIN students are more exclusive as far as the belief system is concerned. Whereas in the context of inclusiveness, IAIN students are more inclusive in the belief that every religion contains truth and UBB students hold the same opinion. Regarding the attitude of students, UBB students are more pluralist in terms of rejecting missionaries, while the students of the IAIN are more pluralist in terms of the purpose of the truth of each religious teaching. Moreover, UBB students are more universalist in their view that religions are different because of historical factors. While in the moderate category of 2.76%, there are no intolerant students. Based on the results of various tests (t-test), it is shown that there are significant differences between IAIN and UBB students
The Role of Local Wisdom as Religious Conflict Resolution in Jambi Indonesia
Full text linkThis research aims at analyzing the potential for social conflict, especially religious conflict related to the establishment of houses of worship in Jambi. This study was conducted by employing a qualitative research approach with a type of case study research. This research was conducted in three districts in Jambi (Telanaipura, Alam Barajo, and Kotabaru). The results show that as a plural city, Jambi is not spared from the conflict of the establishment of places of worship that occurred in three regions. However, the previous conflicts that occurred were not prolonged because the people of Jambi still adhered to the wisdom of the local culture in the form of Seloko Adat which internalized through family, education, and the environment. As a significant potential of a conflict resolution, however, the Jambi society in general are lack of understanding of Seloko Adat