Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan
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Muhammadiyah and the Shifting Interpretation of Local Religious Traditions
Full text linkThe study focuses on changes in the religious interpretation of the Muhammadiyah, an Islamic mass organization in Indonesia, which initially sought to clear Islam from local religious traditions but then began to accept the tradition. This research is qualitative research, with documented methods and in-depth interviews, to explore to what extent these changes and the factors affecting them. The study reveals that Muhammadiyah began tolerating local religious traditions and emphasized the need to redefine religious purification. Factors such as less popular da’wah strategies in rural areas, and the emergence of young Muhammadiyah groups supporting liberalism and moderation, have influenced this shift. This study is important to advance scientific traditions, especially in relation to Muhammadiyah, and to make constructive contributions to formulating organizational policies in connection with local religious traditions
Walisongo and the Notion of Abrasive Strategies in Countering Radicalism in Indonesia
Full text linkThis paper focuses on the role of Walisongo in addressing religious radicalism in Indonesia. Religious radicalism has emerged due to excessive internet consumption in today’s technologically advanced world. Consequently, it necessitates serious efforts to tackle this issue, including exploring local knowledge to counteract religious radicalism behaviors. This qualitative study adopts a library research approach, incorporating diverse sources to explore theories and knowledge related to these phenomena. This study found the importance of implementing strategies that promote wise behavior and nonviolent approaches in reducing religious radicalism. These efforts primarily involve initiating a change in people’s mindset toward Islam. The success of the strategy to reduce the level of radicalism can be carried out through regional management (geographical considerations), arts management or cultural engagement, health management (medical aspects), fostering noble behavior (akhlāq al-karīmah), marriage alliances, and deepening religious knowledge
Living Religious Moderation within the Sipakatau, Sipakainge’, and Sipakalebbi Cultures of the Bugis Community
Full text linkThis study aims to identify indicators of religious moderation in the internalization of Sipakatau, Sipakainge’, and Sipakalebbi cultures among the Bugis community in Mallari Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency. It employs qualitative research in the form of case studies and interpretive methods. Data collection involves observation and interviews, with the analytical theory of indicators of religious moderation in Indonesia. The findings revealed several indicators of religious moderation in the mentioned cultures. Firstly, Sipakatau culture demonstrates tolerance and the accommodation of local values, as seen in socio-political life, emphasizing respect for political differences and upholding deliberation. Secondly, Sipakainge’ culture is committed to national values, evident through community compliance with village regulations and educational activities aligned with national education orientation. Lastly, the value of humanism is observed in the internalization of Sipakalebbi culture, as reflected in village government policies that empower individuals with disabilities. Theoretical implications suggest that religious moderation can be integrated into local wisdom through socio-political, educational, and cultural activities. However, the study’s limitations include not examining obstacles or challenges in mainstreaming religious moderation within the Sipakatau, Sipakainge’, and Sipakalebbi cultures in Mallari Village
Collective Reasoning of Cirebon’s Petatah-petitih in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Full text linkThe local wisdom-based Cirebon's Petatah-petitih, namely Slaman, Slumun, Slamet, and Slata, Slutu, Wutuh, has played an important role in shaping people's mindsets, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper is a philological study of copies of manuscripts about Jawokan and Suluk still practiced by the people of Cirebon. The paper aims to discuss the contextual problems of COVID-19 from the perspective of oral literature that has developed in Cirebon. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study will examine the oral literature of Cirebon's Petatah-petitih through Abed al-Jabiri's critique of reason named burhānī. The study found that the ideas formed in Cirebon's Petatah-petitih could be a power of knowledge in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Later, it will use Michel Foucault's theory of the relationship between power and knowledge as an analytical framework. In this regard, the meaning of something is always found in relation to other meanings. The value of Cirebon's Petatah-petitih will be meaningful and have life value if it is applied to deal with the recent pandemic
Accommodative-Hybrid Religious Encounters and Interfaith Dialogue: A Study of Lamaholot Muslims and Catholics in East Flores
Full text linkThis paper focused its attention on three main problems. First, the changes occurred when ancestral religious rituals in Lamaholot collided with Islam and Catholicism. Second, the social cohesion capital possessed by the Lamaholot community in building interreligious and interfaith dialogue in East Flores. Third, the challenges faced, and negotiations carried out in the interreligious and interfaith interaction and dialogue. This paper is constructed upon structural functionalism theory. Data was collected using observations, interviews, and documents. Data analysis method and technique used in this paper were interpretive qualitative. This paper identified two domains as entry points for developing interreligious and interfaith dialogue. First, the concepts of divinity in local Lamaholot rituals and in the world’s religions (Islam and Catholicism) meet and strengthen each other and become the epistemological basis for dialogue. Second, Lamaholot rituals become a medium for transmitting the values of Lamaholot solidarity.
Mainstreaming Religious Moderation in Male Tradition of the Balinese Muslim Community
Full text linkThe plural societies, on the one hand, are an asset. However, it can also lead to social conflict. This study aims to uncover the values of moderatism found in the Male tradition in Jembrana, Bali. This article is qualitative research with an interpretive method. The data were collected through observation and interviews. This study reveals that there are values of religious moderation found in the Male tradition practiced by the Muslim community in Jembrana, Bali. The tradition contains integration between Islamic teachings and traditions that do not conflict with the normative teachings of Islam. The tradition involves not only the Muslims but also the Hindus. Thus, the social harmony and co-existence among religious believers are firmly established through Male tradition. This study expectedly contributes to giving more references for mainstreaming religious moderation based on the factual case in Indonesia. Theoretically, it also supports the government’s formulation of the indicators of religious moderation in creating a harmonious relationship among believers through local tradition preservation. Yet, this study has not explained the concrete strategy taken by the Jembrana local government regarding the success of mainstreaming religious moderation in the practice of Male tradition
Reexamining Salatiga as a Tolerant City in Java: An Exposure of Lesser-Known Facts
Full text linkSalatiga has been known as one of the most tolerant cities in Java and Indonesia. Such an achievement refers to the 2021 Tolerant City Index (Indeks Kota Toleran) report released by the SETARA Institute that provides a baseline or assessment of the city government's performance in managing harmony, tolerance, Indonesian national insight, and social inclusion. This article wants to reexamine whether Salatiga is truly a tolerant city and fully implements freedom of religion and belief. The study uses a qualitative approach to interpret interactions between various religious followers in Salatiga. It employs Bielefeldt's analysis and human rights perspectives to reveal the events that actually happened. This study found that the people of Salatiga claim to live in harmony and maintain religious freedom, even though conflicts still occur occasionally. Such conflicts, for example, are seen in disputes about the IAIN Salatiga’ choir team performing at the church and in several social conflicts between Muslims and Christians. Besides, the existence of several religion-based communities, such as Muslim cemeteries, Muslim housing, and Muslim campuses, also justifies the fact of social disharmony in Salatiga because they are not in accordance with the principle of freedom of religion
Revisiting Ritual and Ancestral Practice: Belief and Belonging within the Jamasan Bende Tradition in Bumijawa Tegal, Central Java
Full text linkThis study focuses on religio-cultural values and meanings within the ritual of Jamasan Bende (Bende washing) on 10th Rabi’ul Awal in Bumijawa, Tegal, Central Java, Indonesia. The topic is interesting as religious and cultural values intermingle within a local practice. It can be seen from how the ritual is accompanied by the recitation of the holy verses of the Qur'an. It signifies that ancient ritual traditions have begun to fade in society because they are considered to contain mystical beliefs and heretical elements handed down from the inhabitants’ ancestors. However, the successors have been trying to advocate and revitalize it instead of abolishing it. It is qualitative research that serving as a field study. The approach used in this research is phenomenology. It digs deeper into interviewing people practicing the ritual and documenting things concerning it. It employs magi theory and theoretical stances from Marshall’s ritual theory that heavily focuses on the issue of religious ritual simultaneously
Som Tradition for Interreligious Harmony and Natural Preservation
Full text linkThe article particularly portrays and studies the Matbat tribe. The Matbat tribe inhabitants establish a system to unite the Matbat people to create stability and peace in overcoming external situations. The intriguing part of the Matbat tribe is that they, starting from an individual level, keep preserving their communal tradition to sustain peace among them and defend their territory. The customary structure of the Matbat people in West Misool was created based on mutual agreement with the roles, duties and functions that are obtained to maintain balance and harmony aimed at kinship values. There are various symbols in the implementation of the Som, which act as a vehicle of conception that has a meaning as mediation that is actualization in daily life. Som's tradition is a unifying tool for the Matbat indigenous people. The procedures for implementing the tradition are determined by customs arranged in the Matbat customary structure. The Som tradition is an annual event held by the villagers and has the power of customary law that regulates the two villages. The Som tradition is carried out from generation to generation. It develops into values firmly held by the indigenous peoples, not only as their perspective on natural resource management policy. It also as the respect of the Younger Brother (Magey village, which is Protestant Christian) to the Elder Brother (Gamta village, which is Muslim), and as a collective awareness composed in creating a moral balance for indigenous peoples to maintain harmony
Self-transcendence through Futuwwah and Dharma: Islam and Hinduism Perspectives
Full text linkAs a field of study, psychology has been on the path of sustained evolution. From psychoanalysis to Logotherapy, we have come a long way. The advent of spirituality, positive thinking, and the renewed interest in human potential have led to the emergence of various sub-fields in psychology. From denying the role of religion and spirituality in the therapy setting to designing interventions around these concepts, we have approached a contemporary phase in understanding human behavior and attitudes. A novel concept born out of the evolution of psychological concepts is the idea of self-transcendence. According to Maslow, there is a progressive movement towards uncovering people’s potentials and being the best version of the self. Maslow proposed that a self-actualizing individual would eventually have to move up the hierarchy of needs and transcend the ego to relate to something beyond it. This process, known as self-transcendence, is often facilitated by selfless values and moral behaviors that allow the ego to transcend itself. The present paper looks into Maslow’s theory of self-transcendence as recorded in two particular religious philosophies; Futuwwah (Islam) and Dharma (Hinduism). Both Futuwwah and Dharma, despite cultural and religious differences, foster similar values and moral acts in people. The current paper attempts to establish that the moral acts prescribed in Futuwwah and Dharma would eventually lead to an individual's self-transcendence. To do so, we will first attempt to define self-transcendence, theories of self-transcendence from multiple disciplines, and related concepts such as peak experiences and flow. Further, the paper will strive to explore traces of self-transcendence as expressed in religious philosophies, namely; Futuwwah and Dharma