Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan
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Politicization of Religion: Religion in Political Discourse
Full text linkThis article discusses the position of religion in politics that has relation to leadership. The main argumentation of this research is religion will constantly become a political power and social movement. In one side the research has a different opinion from the integration politic paradigm and secular that proposed by Hasan al-Bannā and ‘Alī Abd. al-Rāziq, but in other side, it has reinforced the two paradigms. By using literature study and descriptive method and philosophical historical approach, it indicates Islam will constantly exist and has influence in the political process. Although Islam is not depending on politics and on the contrary. Islam and politic are both integrated dimensions of life, so both are not able to be separated from social political dynamics
Islamic Values of Social Relation in Besaprah Tradition of Sambas Society: The Case of Post-Conflict Malay-Madura in 1999-2017
Full text linkThis paper discusses the effects of inter-ethnic conflict in 1999 on the social life in Sambas. Therefore, any effort dealing with post-conflict situation is needed, through the concept of Islamic character education to modify the Besaprah local wisdom in Malay-Sambas society. This study used a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach which tries to interpret the phenomena in Sambas society since the post-conflict of Malay-Madura in 1999. The research findings show that the inter-ethnic conflict in Sambas, West Kalimantan, occurring in 1999 led to some problems, i.e. moral and social problem, as well as the crisis of local wisdom values. Accordingly, empowering local wisdom values in Besaprah tradition has a contribution to Islamic education concept as it gives an alternative solution to cope with negative effects of the inter-ethnic conflict
Maintaining Employees’ Morality to Improve Internal Control in the Sharia Microfinance Institution
Full text linkProblems of fraud committed by a company’s internal party are hitherto still problematic to figure out, including in sharia microfinance institutions. This research examines the benefit of maintaining employees’ morality for the improvement of internal control in sharia microfinance institutions. The object of this research is Anda BMT (sharia microfinance institution in Indonesia). The research uses a qualitative method. The data were obtained by interviewing the managers and twenty employees, and also through field observations for four months. The result of this research shows that the management needs to improve the employees’ morality as it is the key element to prevent fraud act. The efforts made to improve the employees’ morality are like praying together, joining a program of Islamic study once a week, and targeting all employees to read the Quran at least One Day One Juz (ODOJ). Islamic religious activities should be applied to sharia financial institutions in order to improve the employees’ morality and to diminish the act of fraud. It is because the employees who properly carry out Islamic religious activities may reduce the potency of fraud
The Transcendent Unity Behind the Diversity of Religions and Religiosity in the Perspective of Perennial Philosophy and Its Relevance to the Indonesian Context
Full text linkThis study is conducted to answer an important question: is there any transcendent unity behind the diversity or plurality of religions and religiosity? This question will be answered through perennial philosophy approach. The study found that, according to perennial philosophers, there is a transcendent unity behind the diversity or plurality of religions and religiosity. This transcendent unity is seen in ‘the common vision’, or what in Islam is called the ‘basic message of religion’, namely ‘submission’ to always fear God and live His presence in everyday life. Further, the perennial philosophers argue that the True God is one; therefore, all religions emerging from the One are in principle the same for they come from the same source. In other words, the diversity of religions and religiosity lies only in the exoteric level, and all religions actually have a transcendent unity in the esoteric level. However, in this case, the perennial philosophers do not mean to unify or equate all religions. In fact, they try to open a way to a spiritual ascent through the reviving of the religious traditions in every religion
Portraying Peaceful Coexistence and Mutual Tolerance Between Santri and Chinese Community in Lasem
Full text linkCoexistence and tolerance among the elite religious leaders in many cases seem not being considered as a problem, but at the grassroots level, the conflict often happened as an ironic phenomenon. This paper reveals and elaborates the socio-religious relations that existed between Santri and Chinese communities in Lasem—a small town located in the northern coastal part of the east end of the Central Java Province. The history recorded Lasem as one of the most important cities in Indonesia that bridged trading with China as early as the 14th century. It explains why Tionghoa villages (pecinan), as well as plenty of Konghucu’s religious worshipping sites (klenteng), could be found in the town and also legacy sites as a place of religious worshipping of Konghucu. On the other hand, Muslims with a strong religious level largely grew in this town. With the qualitative approach, this research found that there are some factors contributing to build six models of coexistence, tolerance, and respect for the socio-religious diversities among the societies as the attitudes toward plural societies which brought into socio-harmony of Lasem. The analyzed data obtained through observation and interviews with various parties which is the object of this research, such as Islamic masters (kyai) and students (santri) at Islamic boarding school (pesantren) in Lasem, community and religious leaders of Chinese-Confucianism, and also documents that describe the historicity of Muslims and Chinese in Lasem
Is Islam Compatible With Democracy? Islamist Movement’s Trajectory on Democratization in Indonesia
Full text linkThe democratization process in Indonesia is in line with the emergence several Islamic mass organizations which accept or rejected the concept of democracy. Since the pre-independence era, Indonesia has been facing some Islamist groups that opposed to state’s ideology of democracy. This article presents the discussion among scholars about the compatibility between Islamic norms and democratic values, and in what position Indonesia is. The dealing question with the discussion is; does the proliferation of radical Islamist movement signify the incompatibility of Islam and democracy? By using sociological and historical approach, this paper analyzes in order to what extent the values of democracy and Islamism adapt in the frame of a democratic country. The analysis of this research results that the existing radical Islamist movement is not a failure of Indonesia’s effort to harmonize Islam with democracy. Thus, neither the presence of pro-democracy Islamic mass organizations nor the radical Islamist movement cannot be used as the final argument to answer whether Islam compatible with democracy or not. The results of this study reveal that democratization in Indonesia has been accompanied by the proliferation of Islamist movements. The proliferation of Islamist movements nowadays precisely indicates that democracy in Indonesia has a special experience regarding new formula of peacefully religion-state relations
Class, Habitus, and the Dynamics of Social Relations of Traders in Diamond Trade in the Martapura Town, South Kalimantan
Full text linkThis study examines the pattern of social relationships among diamond traders in diamond trade that polarized into patterns of social relationships between small, medium and large traders with their respective values. This study aims to describe the pattern of social relationships between diamond traders and reveal the rules of the underlying game patterns of their social relationships that lead to polarization of social relationships between small, medium and large traders. This study used Buordieu framework especially about Field, Habitus, and Doxa to analyze the phenomena. This research uses qualitative research methods and has been implemented in the town of Martapura, South Kalimantan. In this study, five people were interviewed, consisting of merchants of a large trader, two medium traders and two merchants. The study finds that first, there are three forms of social relations pattern among traders of diamond namely: cooperation relationships between small traders, competition relationships between wholesalers and middle traders in accordance with its position, he develops cooperative relationships while in diamond market and relationships competition when trading outside the diamond market. Second, Each class has its own rules of play in accordance with their capacity in the sale and purchase of diamonds and the rules of this game have become a common consciousness among members of the merchant class so that all members of the group implement these rules spontaneously and without questioning its validity
Muslim Immigrants in the Early 20th Century America: Some Have Forsaken, While Others Preserved Their Identity
Full text linkThis article explores the challenges that immigrant Muslims faced in pre-1965 America in their efforts to find acceptance within the American host society. To understand this phenomenon I have used the ethnographic methods of research and collecting data focusing on a Palestinian Muslim family (Abukhdeir) who came to America in 1910 and settled in Provo, Utah as Kader family and adopted Mormonism. As such, this article demonstrates that the identity crisis of early generation Muslim immigrants resulted in the following consequences: (1) Who assimilated to the prevailing American melting pot culture of mainstream society, including converting to American religions; (2) Who did not assimilate, rather escaped the pressure of assimilation by returning to their home countries and resettled there without coming back to live in America; and (3) Who both assimilated and preserved their Islamic identities, as they were the children of returnees, which coincided with the wake of multiculturalism in America in the late 1960s. These grown-up children of the returnees then shared the new process of assimilation into multicultural America, replacing melting pot culture, and affiliated with the fastest-growing Muslim communities
Religious Freedom and the Idea of Establishing Islamic State
Full text linkThe idea of Gamwell on“religion as rational” was based on the concept that religious freedom is nothing other than a political discourse that can be figured out only through a democratic resolution. Changing the paradigm from “religion as non-rational” to “religion as rational” is a necessary condition for entering a public debate. Yet, the sole public debate or public view is not enough to solve the modern political problem. The public debate must be guided by a constitutional procedure affirmed by the body politic so that it fulfills the criteria of formal claim about justice. Applying qualitative research and literature review this research tried to reveal: Gamwell’s idea of religious freedom, the features of the Islamic State as described by Abdul Rauf and Gamwell’s concept of religious freedom and the idea of establishing the Islamic State advocated by Abdul Rauf
THE LESS-INTERRESTED OF ISLAMIC BANK FOR ISSUING SUKUK: Factors and Recommendations
Full text linkThis study attempts to identify dominant factors for banks to issue sukuk and emission features. Applying interviews and Analytic Network Process, this paper Found that the sub-elements which are dominant in influencing IB less interested in issuing sukuk, namely: averse selection/amount cost of fund (management), investment rating companies (investor), the results of using sukuk funds (regulation) and profitability condition (finance). Meanwhile, the sub-elements which are dominant in determining the features of the issuance of sukuk are: macroeconomic condition (emission values), expectations of investors (return)), the contract and the structure of sukuk (collateral), managing mismatch (period), and company liquidity (payment term). The method used in this reseach is the Analytic Network Process (ANP). This study will identify the aspects of emission factors and features.