Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan
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Kiai Kampung and Traditional Islamic Orthodoxy: A Socio-religious Study of Mosque-based Authority in Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia
Full text linkThe role of kiai kampung as local religious authorities in Indonesia has evolved dynamically in response to shifting socio-political landscapes and changing patterns of Islamic religious authority. This paper examines the role of kiai kampung as socio-religious agents in managing mosques and preserving traditional Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia's Reform era. Kiai kampung effectively translates Islamic principles to grassroots levels as they influence social, religious, and political discussions through regular preaching and sermons (khutbah). The study uses field research to observe da'wah practices and institutional affiliations in Rembang, Central Java. Using the concepts of agency and cultural broker, this study finds that kiai kampung does not merely reproduce inherited traditions but actively reinterprets them in response to contemporary socio-political challenges. This study contributes to the idea that, besides kiai kampung promoting a distinct model of traditional orthodoxy, their affiliation with religious institutions enables them to shape local religious and political discourse while supporting government agendas aligned with Islamic values. This support is often expressed through sermons referencing classical religious texts, including tafsir, hadith, and tasawuf (Sufism). As grassroots leaders, kiai kampung also contributes to the institutional growth of santri communities in Indonesia's Reform era
Mahasantri and Rational Choice: Shift of Obedience to the Kiai
Full text linkPersepsi tentang kesakralan bentuk komunikasi satu arah dengan orientasi ketaatan total seorang santri kepada kiai bukan lagi gambaran yang ditunjukkan oleh seluruh santri. Melalui kajian etnografi, penelitian ini melihat tingkat ketaatan seorang santri kepada kiai setelah ia masuk perguruan tinggi (Mahasantri). Dengan melakukan observasi partisipan, dimana selama masa penelitian peneliti menjadi bagian dari Mahasantri di dua pesantren di kota Surabaya dan Yogyakarta, temuan penelitian mengidentifikasi bahwa ketaatan Mahasantri kepada kiai tetap ada. Akan tetapi, pilihan-pilihan rasional yang dimiliki Mahasantri tersebut membentuk pemahaman baru tentang konsep ketaatan, dimana ada bagian-bagian tertentu dari aspek ketaatan tersebut yang mengalami pergeseran, atau dapat disebut dari ketaatan absolut menjadi ketaatan kondisional
Building a Fortress of Faith in East Indonesia: Islamic Religious Education for Muallaf Family in Abun Tribe, Tambrauw, Southwest Papua
Full text linkBuilding synergy between local culture and education is a strategic effort to create communities and families that have a strong identity, and are able to adapt to global dynamics. This article aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic education in the muallaf family of the Abun Tribe in Baun Village, Tambrauw, Southwest Papua who are a minority in their environment and tribe. The existence of inner conflicts, marginalized in social life, causing personal problems, even poverty, is a serious problem in the hearts of these seekers of God. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were obtained through observations and interviews with informants from muallaf families. The results showed that the practice of religious education in the muallaf family of the Abun Tribe is still weak, so it really needs continuous guidance from various parties. Islamic education coaching based on local culture and tradition is one of the alternative choices to realize the ideal Islamic family, sakīnah, mawaddah wa raḥmah in the Abun muallaf famil
Local Religious Values of Javanese-Sundanese Religion: Resistance to Modernity
Full text linkModernity can erode traditional values, particularly religion. Local religions often reflect community cultural values more prominently, resulting in stronger traditional aspects than mainstream religions. This research investigates the educational principles established by Madrais, the founder of the Javanese-Sundanese Religion (Agama Djawa-Soenda/ADS), aimed at the indigenous population regarding resistance to modernity. Central to ADS is the promotion of harmony with the natural environment. Nevertheless, this principle can also be examined through the lens of resistance to modernity and the potential imposition of external values that may jeopardize the integrity of their traditional beliefs, including foreign religions. Viewed in this context, ADS represents a dual commitment to environmental sustainability and safeguarding traditional cultural values. The analytical framework is grounded in value education theory and the theory of modernity rationalization. Data for this study were collected through a literature review of manuscripts authored by Madrais, alongside interviews with prominent figures within the ADS community. The findings indicate that the teachings of ADS inherently reflect a robust resistance to modernity. This resistance is particularly evident in three key tenets: rejecting all forms of colonialism, encouraging harmony with nature and returning to authentic human identity, and the imperative to honor and protect customs and traditions. These three principles are interconnected and share a common underlying ethos. This study highlights the importance of providing insights into the traditional aspects of local religions as a strong foundation for preserving traditions amidst the onslaught of modernity
Transcending Notation: An Exploration of Padhang-Ulihan and Pathet within Javanese Karawitan Music
Full text linkThis research aims to explore the manifestation of the immanent-transcendental relationship between Javanese individuals and their deity within their performance art songs. The analysis focused on Javanese scale settings known as pathet, as well as padhang-ulihan structures, which represent Javanese sentence styles in composition. These elements were examined to understand how the Javanese express their emotions and convey their thoughts to their deity. The data for this study were collected using ethnographic methods, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The findings indicate that, as immanent beings, humans require symbols to communicate with their deities in the transcendental realm. Javanese people embody their way of life and perspectives on the universe through the melodies and song structures of Karawitan, a form of Javanese musical art. The analysis of pathet and padhang-ulihan reveals that Javanese individuals shape their worldview by selecting and playing pathet in conjunction with the coordinated construction of the padhang-ulihan model within a Karawitan musical notation
Field and Contestation of Religious Identity: Christian Responses to the Rise of Islamism in Post-Reformation Indonesia
Full text linkThis study explores the response of Christianity, particularly among protestant leaders, to Islamism in Indonesia during the post-reform period. It uses a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews and literary materials. The research uses grounded theory to understand how the public sphere serves as a platform for expressing conflicts over religious identities. The results show that Christianity perceives Islamism as a political division, triggering reactions and requiring strategies to establish boundaries and reinforce identities. Feedback from Christianity includes seeking state commitment, forming alliances with moderate groups, engaging in internal introspection, fostering national duty, and establishing daily institutions. The study suggests that Christianity’s response to Islamism is a contestation within the cultural production arena, where both groups assert dominance through their distinct modalities. There is no unified Christian response to the growing spirit of Islamism, with demographics, memories, and experience as a social institution determining response variations
Unraveling the Intricate Dynamics of Turkish Immigrants and Muslim Minorities in Germany
Full text linkGermany's cultural and economic diversity is enhanced by the contributions of Turkish immigrants and Muslim minorities, whose legacy enriches the country. However, social exclusion and unfavorable preconceptions impact some of these groups, which can hurt their well-being and quality of life. This article addresses the dynamics of Muslim minorities and Turkish immigrants in Germany, emphasizing the social developments, historical trajectory, and difficulties these groups encounter in German society. It focuses on minority rights, social integration, and acceptance. This article employs a qualitative descriptive technique, interpreting qualitative data in-depth to comprehend and explain social phenomena or human behavior. Data is gathered by analyzing pertinent materials and subsequently interpreted thematically in light of the study environment. This article's conclusions and discussions are restricted to the impact of Turkish immigration on the Muslim community while considering a range of social, cultural, political, and economic facets of German life. Karl Marx's conflict theory holds that these difficulties reflect underlying power dynamics and class struggles, in which the dominant class keeps control over resources, cultural norms, and political authority, resulting in systemic conflicts and inequality. In addition to initiatives to support equality and inclusion, addressing these concerns calls for a greater comprehension of the structural dynamics at play
Religion and Authority: The Role of Tuan Guru in Shaping the Islamic Discourse of Sasak Community in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Full text linkLombok’s religious characteristics evolved concurrently with Tuan Guru’s role as the primary knowledge source in the community. Tuan Guru plays a crucial religious role in domestic and public spheres, inspiring the Sasak people in Lombok. This article discusses Tuan Guru’s role in generating religious knowledge through power and authority. The paper explores the relationship between power and knowledge possessed by Tuan Guru, examining the growing Islamic discourse. It adopts a hysterographic study approach, analyzed through the genealogy of Michael Foucault’s theory of power and knowledge. This study aims to analyze and construct data from discourses, patterns, and public spaces related to the Tuan Guru phenomenon in Lombok. The findings highlight Tuan Guru’s pivotal role in disseminating Islamic teachings in Lombok society, showcasing his awareness of the authority in producing, influencing, and contributing to the development of Islamic style. This socio-religious scientific development study portrays Tuan Guru’s role in knowledge production, offering a significant development in understanding the Islamicity that has flourished not only in Lombok but possibly in other regions in Indonesia and the world
The Embodiment of Faith to Social Responsibility by the Tastafi Community in Aceh
Full text linkThe Tastafi study group, one of Acehnese majlis ta‘līm, holds significant importance in shaping religious knowledge and moral values in Aceh, a province widely recognized for its deep-rooted religious traditions. This study investigates the impact of the Tastafi study group on Aceh society's religious understanding and morality. This research used a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews with 30 participants of the Tastafi study group from various social and educational backgrounds. The collected data were analyzed thematically and employed Fowler’s faith development theory and Carroll’s social responsibility theory. The findings demonstrate that the Tastafi study group profoundly impacts religious understanding and morality in Aceh society. The study group also played a pivotal role in fostering compassion, empathy, and social responsibility among its participants. Moreover, the study group contributed to unity, teamwork, and social cohesion within the Aceh community
The Ramadan Punggahan Tradition in North Sumatra: Investigating the Javanese Nuanced Practicalities in Langkat Regency
Full text linkJavanese people still observe the Punggahan ritual before the month of Ramadan, particularly those who live in Sekoci Village, Besitang District, Langkat Regency, Northern Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the origins of this practice, how it has evolved, and what the Punggahan tradition means to the Javanese residing in Sekoci Village, Besitang District. A qualitative research methodology is employed in this study. Qualitative data was gathered via library research and interviews. The Javanese community in Sekoci village, Besitang District, is undergoing changes in the way their Punggahan ritual is being carried out. When a group gathers in a mosque or prayer room, the menu is different. This results from the integration of Javanese and Malay culture. This integration resulted in the creation of a specific cuisine that is required at every Punggahan ritual celebration in Sekoci Village, Besitang District. Meat is typically offered on the menu. The tradition of embracing Ramadan in Sekoci Village, Besitang District, originated from this blending of Javanese and Malay customs. The research explores how local communities negotiate the cultural identities that have been transported with them from their home environments to new ones, whereupon they come together to create a new cultural construction. This study serves as a case study of cultural integration and evolution. It demonstrates the importance of adapting traditional practices to contemporary contexts while maintaining their essential cultural significance