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Sporadic dualities from tensor deconfinement
No full textIn this paper we give a field theory explanation of two confining dualities that have been proposed in the literature based on exact results from supersymmetric localization. The first confining model under investigation is 4d SU(N + 1) SQCD with a conjugate rank-2 anti-symmetric tensor, N + 3 anti-fundamentals, 2N fundamentals and a superpotential that couples the anti-symmetric tensor and the fundamentals. The second confining model studied here is 3d = 2 USp(4) gauge SQCD with two fundamentals, two rank-2 anti-symmetric tensors and vanishing superpotential. Here we prove that these models are confining by using the technique of deconfining the anti-symmetric tensors and then by flowing to the IR description by sequential dualities. As a bonus the analysis provides (alternative) proofs of the identities obtained from supersymmetric localization
Likelihood for a network of gravitational-wave detectors with correlated noise
No full textThe Einstein Telescope faces a critical data analysis challenge with correlated noise, often overlooked in current parameter estimation analyses. We address this issue by presenting the statistical formulation of the likelihood that includes correlated noise for the Einstein Telescope or any detector network. By considering varying degrees of correlation, we probe the impact of noise correlations on the parameter estimation analysis of a GW150914-like event. We show that neglecting these correlations may significantly reduce the accuracy of the chirp mass reconstruction. This emphasizes how critical a proper treatment of correlated noise is, as presented in this work, to unlocking the wealth of results promised by the Einstein Telescope
Cosmology and Astrophysics with Standard Sirens and Galaxy Catalogs in View of Future Gravitational Wave Observations
No full textWith the growing number of gravitational wave (GW) detections and the advent of large galaxy redshift surveys, a new era in cosmology is emerging. This study explores the synergies between GWs and galaxy surveys to jointly constrain cosmological and GW population parameters. We introduce CHIMERA, a novel code for GW cosmology combining information from the population properties of compact binary mergers and galaxy catalogs. We study constraints for scenarios representative of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4 and O5 observing runs, assuming to have a complete catalog of potential host galaxies with either spectroscopic or photometric redshift measurements. We find that a percent-level measurement of H could be achieved with the best 100 binary black holes (BBHs) in O5 using a spectroscopic galaxy catalog. In this case, the intrinsic correlation that exists between H and the BBH population mass scales is broken. Instead, by using a photometric catalog the accuracy is degraded up to a factor of ∼9, leaving a significant correlation between H and the mass scales that must be carefully modeled to avoid bias. Interestingly, we find that using spectroscopic redshift measurements in the O4 configuration yields a better constraint on H compared to the O5 configuration with photometric measurements. In view of the wealth of GW data that will be available in the future, we argue the importance of obtaining spectroscopic galaxy catalogs to maximize the scientific return of GW cosmology
Parity violation in gravitational waves and observational bounds from third-generation detectors
No full textIn this paper, we analyze parity-violating effects in the propagation of gravitational waves (GWs). For this purpose, we adopt a newly proposed parametrized post-Einsteinian (PPE) formalism, which encodes modified gravity corrections to the phase and amplitude of GW waveforms. In particular, we focus our study on three well-known examples of parity-violating theories, namely Chern-Simons, symmetric teleparallel, and Horăva-Lishitz gravity. For each model, we identify the PPE parameters emerging from the inclusion of parity-violating terms in the gravitational Lagrangian. Thus, we use the simulated sensitivities of third-generation GW interferometers, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, to obtain numerical bounds on the PPE coefficients and the physical parameters of binary systems. In so doing, we find that deviations from general relativity cannot be excluded within given confidence limits. Moreover, our results show an improvement of 1 order of magnitude in the relative accuracy of the GW parameters compared to the values inferred from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network. In this respect, the present work demonstrates the power of next-generation GW detectors to probe fundamental physics with unprecedented precision
Holographic Weyl anomalies for 4d defects in 6d SCFTs
No full textIn this note, we study 1/4- and 1/2-BPS co-dimension two superconformal defects in the 6d = (2, 0) A SCFT at large N using their holographic descriptions as solutions of 11d supergravity. In this regime, we are able to compute the defect contribution to the sphere entanglement entropy and the change in the stress-energy tensor one-point function due to the presence of the defect using holography. From these quantities, we are then able to unambiguously compute the values for two of the twenty-nine total Weyl anomaly coefficients that characterize 4d conformal defects in six and higher dimensions. We are able to demonstrate the consistency of the supergravity description of the defect theories with the average null energy condition on the field theory side. For each class of defects that we consider, we also show that the A-type Weyl anomaly coefficient is non-negative. Lastly, we uncover and resolve a discrepancy between the on-shell action of the 7d 1/4-BPS domain wall solutions and that of their 11d uplift
Cosmic growth in f(T) teleparallel gravity
No full textPhysical evolution of cosmological models can be tested by using expansion data, while growth history of these models is capable of testing dynamics of the inhomogeneous parts of energy density. The growth factor, as well as its growth index, gives a clear indication of the performance of cosmological models in the regime of structure formation of early Universe. In this work, we explore the growth index in several leading f(T) cosmological models, based on a specific class of teleparallel gravity theories. These have become prominent in the literature and lead to other formulations of teleparallel gravity. Here we adopt a generalized approach by obtaining the Mészáros equation without immediately imposing the subhorizon limit, because this assumption could lead to over-simplification. This approach gives avenue to study at which k modes the subhorizon limit starts to apply. We obtain numerical results for the growth factor and growth index for a variety of data set combinations for each f(T) model
Detectability of QCD phase transitions in binary neutron star mergers: Bayesian inference with the next generation gravitational wave detectors
No full textWe study the detectability of postmerger QCD phase transitions in neutron star binaries with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope. We perform numerical relativity simulations of neutron star mergers with equations of state that include a quark deconfinement phase transition through either a Gibbs or Maxwell construction. These are followed by Bayesian parameter estimation of the associated gravitational-wave signals using the nrpmw waveform model, with priors inferred from the analysis of the inspiral signal. We assess the ability of the model to measure the postmerger peak frequency f2peak and identify aspects that should be improved in the model. We show that, even at postmerger signal to noise ratios as low as 10, the model can distinguish (at the 90% level) f2peak between binaries with and without a phase transition in most cases. Phase-transition induced deviations in the f2peak from the predictions of equation-of-state insensitive relations can also be detected if they exceed 1.6σ. Our results suggest that next-generation gravitational wave detectors can measure phase transition effects in binary neutron star mergers. However, unless the phase transition is "strong," disentangling it from other hadronic physics uncertainties will require significant theory improvements
Measuring scalar charge with compact binaries: High accuracy modeling with self-force
No full textUsing the self-force approach, we present the premier first-post-adiabatic accuracy formalism for modeling compact binaries in theories with a massless scalar field nonminimally coupled to gravity. We limit the binary secondary to being a non-spinning compact body with no scalar dipole (we will address the spinning and scalar dipole cases in an upcoming paper). By producing an ansatz for the scalar charged point particle action, we derive first- and second-order perturbative field equations and equations of motion for the secondary compact object. Under our assumptions, implementing this formalism will produce sufficiently accurate waveform templates for precision measurements of the scalar charge of the secondary with LISA data on extreme-mass-ratio inspirals. Our formalism is consistent with almost general scalar-tensor theories of gravity. Implementing our formalism builds on self-force models in general relativity; we show the incorporation into the two-timescale formalism is straightforward. Excitingly, implementation poses no significantly more challenging barriers than computing first-post-adiabatic waveforms in general relativity
Detecting virtual photons in ultrastrongly coupled superconducting quantum circuits
No full textLight-matter interaction and understanding the fundamental physics behind is essential for emerging quantum technologies. Solid-state devices may explore new regimes where coupling strengths are "ultrastrong", i.e., comparable to the energies of the subsystems. New exotic phenomena occur the common root of many of them being the fact that the entangled vacuum contains virtual photons. They herald the lack of conservation of the number of excitations which is the witness of ultrastrong coupling breaking the U(1) symmetry. Despite more than a decade of research, the detection of ground-state virtual photons still awaits demonstration. In this work, we recognize the "conspiring" set of experimental challenges and show how to overcome them, thus providing a solution to this long-standing problem. We find that combining a superinductor-based unconventional "light fluxonium" qudit and coherent control yields a highly efficient, faithful, and selective conversion of virtual photons into real ones. This enables their detection with resources available to present-day quantum technologies
Learning t-doped stabilizer states
No full textIn this paper, we present a learning algorithm aimed at learning states obtained from computational basis states by Clifford circuits doped with a finite number of -gates. The algorithm learns an exact tomographic description of -doped stabilizer states in terms of Pauli observables. This is possible because such states are countable and form a discrete set. To tackle the problem, we introduce a novel algebraic framework for -doped stabilizer states, which extends beyond -gates and includes doping with any kind of local non-Clifford gate. The algorithm requires resources of complexity and exhibits an exponentially small probability of failure