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Site Variability in Fibers, Vessels, and Ring Width of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Wood: A Case Study in Hungary
No full textThe black locust tree is a plantation-grown species that occupies a large area in Hungary. Due to variations in the growth environment of trees across different locations, the anatomical features of wood may differ. This study investigated the variability in fiber properties (fiber length, width, wall thickness, vessel length, and width) and growth rate of Robinia pseudoacacia L. from five counties and in three specific growing conditions. The parameters were investigated based on a sample of discs taken from the trees at breast height. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in wood fiber and vessel dimensions, as well as ring width, between counties and growth conditions. Nearly all examined parameters showed the lowest values in Bács-Kiskun County, whereas the highest values were observed in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and Vas. Regarding the growth conditions, wood in poor growth conditions (mixed trees) and good growth conditions produced superior wood fiber properties and ring widths
CHEMICAL CHANGES DURING WOOD CUTTING
No full textScots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and poplar (Populus euramericana) species were chosen for the experiments.Sawdust was made by a circular saw with a rare tooth spacing for producing bigger particles beside the fine fractions. Particles were separated by a vibration separator with the sieve sizes 1 mm, 0.63mm, 0.315 mm, 0.1 mm and 0.063 mm. Infrared reflectance spectra of the particles were measured to determine the chemical changes generated by the cutting procedure.The experimental results showed that the grinding of wood resulted in bond rupture for all ether bond types appearing in the infrared spectrum. The number of conjugated and unconjugated carbonyl groups in the wood was significantly reduced during the cutting procedure. After bond breaks, oxidation and recombination processes occurred generating compounds similar to the aromatic structure of lignin, which were shown by increases in absorption at 1514, 1271 and 1231 cm-1
Gyógyfürdővárosok online identitása
No full textA digitális térben való jelenlét ma már elengedhetetlen a turisztikai célpontok versenyképességéhez, különösen a kisebb települések esetében, ahol a megfelelő online megjelenés kulcsszerepet játszik a látogatók vonzásában. A tanulmány hazai, dunántúli, minősített gyógyhellyel rendelkező, ötezer lélekszám alatti településekre fókuszál, melyek azonban városi ranggal rendelkeznek. Így került górcső alá Bük, Harkány, Hévíz, Igal és Zalakaros. A publikáció a fenti városok hivatalos weboldalait vizsgálta, elemezve azok tartalmi és vizuális elemeit és marketingértékét. A cél annak feltárása volt, hogy a weboldalak milyen mértékben járulnak hozzá a városmárka építéséhez, a szolgáltatások bemutatásához és a látogatói élmény formálásához. Az
eredmények rámutatnak, hogy bár a városmárka egyes elemeinek megjelenítése tekintetében eltérések mutatkoznak a települések között, Zalakaros, Hévíz és Bük rendelkeznek a legerőteljesebb városmárkával, mivel weboldalaikon koherens módon jelennek meg a márkaépítéshez szükséges vizuális és tartalmi elemek. A tanulmány továbbá potenciális fejlesztési irányokat is azonosít a digitális kommunikáció terén, amelyek hozzájárulhatnak e kisvárosok pozíciójának erősítéséhez az egészségturizmus versenypiacán
A pozitív pszichológia és az országimázs kapcsolata turisztikai szemszögbő
No full textElső hallásra a pozitív pszichológia és az országmárkázás összekapcsolása nem egy mindennapi téma, azonban mégis egyedülálló lehetőségeket kínál a szakemberek számára. Az országmárkázás első sorban a nemzetek külső megítélésének javítására fókuszál, a belső imázsépítés mellett, míg a pozitív pszichológia az egyének boldogságának, jóllétének és elégedettségének vizsgálatát végzi. A két tudományos terület integrálása azonban lehetőséget nyújt arra, hogy országok szintjén is központi szerepet töltsön be a boldogság és a társadalmi kohézió. A pozitív pszichológia bevonása az országmárkázásba nemcsak a nemzeti büszkeséget képes erősíteni, hanem gazdasági és társadalmi előnyök biztosítására is alkalmas. Hiteles kommunikáció alkalmazásával hatékonyabbá tehető vele az országmárkázás, hiszen a fenntartható fejlődéshez nemcsak az egyéni jóllét fontos, hanem a nemzeti elégedettség is. Kutatásom során interjút készítettem olyan emberekkel, akik rendszeresen járnak különböző országokba turisztikai céllal. Személyes véleményeik alapján kerestem kapcsolatot a helyi lakosok boldogsága és az országok népszerűsége között turisztikai oldalról vizsgálva
Mechanical and environmental performance of sugarcane Bagasse Ash from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in sustainable concrete.
No full textIn recent decades, the partial substitution of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) has received attention for construction applications because of its pozzolanic characteristics. However, regional-scale studies are encouraged to increase the use of SCBA at the industrial level. Limited literature is available on the effect of SCBA on concrete Alkali-silica reactivity (ASR), CO2 emissions and economic feasibility. In the current study, the influence of adding 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% locally available SCBA from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on the consistency, mechanical strength, ASR, N2 adsorption, mineralogy, microstructure, and elemental compositions of concrete was investigated. In addition, CO2 emissions and cost analysis were conducted for all the concrete mixes. Experimental findings revealed that consistency increased with the addition of SCBA percentages, whereas a delay in the setting time was recorded. The Compressive strength (CS) and split tensile strength for all SCBA-based mixtures increased with ageing, due to the finer particles and higher surface area of SCBA. Additionally, SCBA effectively reduces the expansion resulting from the alkali-silica reaction. The incorporation of SCBA significantly improved the microstructure with no sign of cracks, resulting in higher reactivity and the formation of additional CSH gel than the control mix. The findings confirmed that incorporating 10% of SCBA resulted in eco-friendly construction material with enhanced strength and cost savings. Furthermore, this study is beneficial to promote the use of locally available SCBA in concrete instead of disposal in landfills
Spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation cover and drought conditions in West Darfur, Sudan: Implications of climate variability and future projections
No full textThis study explores the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation cover in West Darfur, Sudan, a region severely affected by the compounded effects of climate change and socio-environmental crises. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data spanning 2000–2023 and the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), we assessed vegetation dynamics in relation to drought conditions. Data processing and analysis were conducted using Google Earth Engine (GEE), QGIS, and R-Software. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was utilised to forecast future climate scenarios, thereby enhancing the predictive understanding of precipitation trends. The results revealed vegetation loss during the drought periods of 2005 and 2010, with decreases of 646.23 km2 (2.83%) and 275.21 km2 (1.21%), respectively. In contrast, substantial vegetation recovery was observed in 2015 (0.54%, 122.25 km2), 2020 (7.87%, 1794.70 km2), and 2023 (8.78%, 2001 km2), aligning with increased annual precipitation and reduced drought intensity. Historical SPEI analysis underscores prolonged drought events between 1980 and 2010, followed by a notable reduction in drought frequency and severity in subsequent years. Precipitation projections suggest a continuing trend of increasing precipitation, likely fostering further vegetation regeneration in the study area. This study underscores the intricate interplay between vegetation cover, precipitation variability, and drought conditions in West Darfur, highlighting both the region's vulnerability to climate-induced stressors and its potential for ecological recovery under favourable climatic conditions. The findings contribute to informed policymaking aimed at mitigating climate impacts and promoting sustainable land-use practices in vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions
Evaluating the drought tolerance of five native broadleaf tree species using dendroecological analysis in East Central Europe
No full textClimate change is placing stress on forests, making silvicultural planning more challenging in many temperate regions. Since some major tree species are prone to drought, there is an increasing interest in selecting native broadleaf minor species, which are believed to have greater drought tolerance. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the growth performance and vitality of these tree species in the light of the changing climate. Based on tree-ring width data, we analysed the drought response of four minor tree species Acer campestre L., Fraxinus ornus L., Quercus pubescens Willd. and Tilia tomentosa Moench. in relation with a major tree species Quercus cerris L. in different mixed stands along a precipitation gradient in Hungary with the aim to compare the species’ drought tolerance. All the species analysed showed a high drought tolerance, with only minor differences among them. A. campestre , F. ornus and T. tomentosa showed an overall greater climate sensitivity than the oak species, but drought resilience was high in all species. Furthermore, none of the species showed signs of dieback on the study sites with recent climate warming, suggesting that all studied native tree species are also well suited as admixed species in future forest stands
Improving the Physical Characteristics and Durability of Wood Through a Combined Modification Process Using Thermal Treatment and Wax Impregnation in One Step
No full textIn this paper, a combined modification method using thermal modification and wax impregnation was investigated. The advantage of this method is that the two modification steps are completed in one step. Two different wood species, beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), were investigated. The effects of the treatments were tested regarding the wax uptake, mass loss, density, equilibrium moisture content, swelling, water contact angle, strength properties, and durability. Through the synergistic effect of the combined modification, it was possible to significantly improve the dimensional stability and decrease the hygroscopicity and equilibrium moisture content, while swelling anisotropy was not affected. It was proven that the wax uptake during this method is highly dependent on the treatment temperature, resulting in a large density increase. The treatment resulted in an obvious color change as well. Bending strength was not affected by the combined treatment, while impact bending, compression strength, and Brinell hardness were improved. High durability was observed after the combined modification method, indicating that lower treatment temperatures are enough to efficiently protect the wood
Effects of different forestry management practices on soil mesofauna in the regeneration phase
No full textForests hold both ecological and economic value, but as the majority are now under human management, there is an increasing need for silvicultural strategies that support biodiversity and ecosystem functioning alongside timber production. Soil mesofauna, which comprise a substantial proportion of forest biodiversity, play vital roles in maintaining soil processes and overall ecosystem health. This study assessed the long-term effects of four forest management treatments, preparation cutting (partial cutting), retention tree group, gap-cutting, and clear-cutting, on various soil mesofauna groups (Acari, Collembola, Protura, Diplura, Symphyla, Pauropoda) in a managed oak forest in Hungary, sampled six and nine years after intervention. The treatments significantly influenced mesofaunal communities, although responses varied by taxon. Acari and Protura displayed the clearest gradients, with densities declining from control plots to more intensively disturbed treatments. Other groups showed more variable patterns, often shaped by seasonal dynamics. Retention tree group and preparation cutting were the most successful at maintaining mesofaunal densities at levels comparable to, or even exceeding, those in undisturbed sites. In contrast, clear-cutting and gap-cutting were associated with lower densities in several taxa, although some recovery was evident due to vegetation regrowth over time. The findings highlight the importance of seasonal timing in ecological assessments, with treatment effects most pronounced in spring and autumn. Taxon-specific responses, particularly those of Protura, Acari, and Collembola, demonstrate the potential of soil mesofauna as sensitive indicators of ecological change and recovery following forest management