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A dendromassza-hasznosítás, mint megújuló természeti erőforrás szerepe a fenntartható, körkörös gazdaságban
No full textRecent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion
No full textChemical pesticides and fertilizers are used in agricultural production worldwide to prevent damage from plant pathogenic microorganisms, insects, and nematodes, to minimize crop losses and to preserve crop quality. However, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can severely pollute soil, water, and air, posing risks to the environment and human health. Consequently, developing new, alternative, environment-friendly microbial soil treatment interventions for plant protection and crop yield increase has become indispensable. Members of the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales) have long been known as efficient antagonists of plant pathogenic microorganisms based on various beneficial traits and abilities of these fungi. This minireview aims to discuss the advances in the field of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbiological inoculants based on recent experimental updates. Trichoderma strains can be combined with each other, with other fungi and/or with beneficial bacteria. The development and field performance of such inoculants will be addressed, focusing on the complementarity, synergy, and compatibility of their microbial components
Improving the Decay Resistance of Wood through the Fixation of Different Nanoparticles Using Silica Aerogel
No full textNowadays, the protection of wood is becoming more important with the increasing demand for durable wood, in addition to its limited accessibility. One possible way to increase the durability is the use of nanoparticles, which can be effective even with a low intake of active ingredients. However, avoiding their leaching is a challenge. A possible solution to leaching is the use of silica aerogel as a fixative. This study investigated the use of mesoporous silica aerogel against the leaching of different nanoparticles under laboratory conditions. Tests were performed involving beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood, using Trametes versicolor as a white rot and Coniophora puteana as a brown rot fungus. The results show that the subsequent treatment of the wood with mesoporous silica aerogel effectively fixed the nanoparticles in wood. The durability of the samples without aerogel significantly decreased as a result of leaching, whereas the resistance of the samples treated with aerogel decreased only slightly. However, the silica aerogel modification itself caused the leaching of silver nanoparticles, which is a limitation in the use of this method for the fixation of nanoparticles
Effect of Combined Factors on Moth Communities in Western Hungarian Sessile Oak–Hornbeam Forests
No full textThe many publications on forests and moth communities accomplished in different sampling regions and habitat types have produced diverse results and conclusions. The multiplicity of outcomes requires regional or local investigations on forest traits and herbivores to determine optimal management methods to maintain biodiversity and ecological stability in woodlands. Our study focused on sessile oak–hornbeam forests, which are economically and ecologically significant in many European countries. Samplings were performed in 2011–2012 using portable light traps in a highly forested area in western Hungary. We used 16 variables for PCA from the sampling of vascular plants and the local forest management plan document. These newly created variables (i.e., principal components) were related (used generalized linear models) to different groups of sampled moth communities: Macrolepidoptera, Microlepidoptera, and ecological groups (according to the host vegetation layer). Based on these significant relations, thinning activity may have various effects on moth communities, through the changed light regime and microclimate conditions. Temperature growth in the gaps could lead to the increasing abundance of heat-preferred Lepidoptera species; however, the decreasing species richness of trees (as a result of thinning) is less favourable for moth assemblages. Increasing herb coverage supports moth communities in the investigated forest stands, which may also be induced by the lower canopy closure. Besides the increasing coverage in the lower vegetation layers, plant species richness is also an important element for moth communities; this was demonstrated by the negative relation between the PC4, PC6 (weighted toward coverage), and Lepidoptera groups. Our results supported the fact that a single study on forest management practice or on vegetation traits is not sufficient to indicate their exact effect on moth communities, because their influence is complex. In order to halt the loss in diversity of the examined forest type, we suggest an overall approach to define the optimal forest management practice and tree mixture rate, regarding a larger area
Generációváltás okozta kihívások – Fenntartható gazdasági döntések : XVIII. SOPRONI PÉNZÜGYI NAPOK : pénzügyi, adózási és számviteli szakmai és tudományos konferencia, Sopron, 2024. szeptember 25-27. : Konferenciakötet
No full textJátékok a XVI. században, Juan Vives műveiben
No full textA reneszánsz időszakában kontinensünkön több olyan mű is született, amely a játékokról
íródott. Ezeknek a könyveknek a középpontjában többnyire a felnőttek játékai (labdajátékok, társasjátékok, kártyajátékok, a szerencsejátékok szabályozása) álltak. A gyermekkortörténet, a gyermekjátékok múltjának a megismeréséhez is találunk már forrást a humanizmus idejéből, a tanulmány ezek közül mutat be kettőt. A kiemelkedő hatású, íróként és tanárként is jelentős életművel rendelkező, spanyol származású humanista, Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540) művei közül az 1539-ben Bázelban kiadott Linguae latinae exercitatio
(Latin nyelvi gyakorlatok) című, a latin nyelv tanításához készített könyve játékokról szóló dialógusai, valamint a De disciplinis (A tanulmányok rendszeréről) című, 1531-ben írt pedagógiai rendszertana témához kapcsolódó részletei kerülnek részletesebb bemutatásra ebben a tanulmányban. Két fő kutatói kérdésünk az volt, hogy megjelent-e és hogyan a játékosság, az érdekes tanítási mód a forrásokban, másrészt az, hogy milyen konkrét, a gyermekek által 500 évvel ezelőtt játszott játékokról írt Vives. Összegezve megállapíthatjuk, hogy ezekben a könyvekben megjelent egyrészt a játékosság, a játékokkal tarkított
tanulás kifejtése és ajánlása, mint a pedagógiai folyamat fontos módszere. Részletes bemutatásra kerültek továbbá a XVI. század olyan, főként szabadtéri gyermekjátékai, amelyek a szerző gyermek- és ifjúkorának helyszíneihez, Valencia és Párizs városához kötődtek. A spanyol humanista művei Európában a legkorábbi olyan források között említhetők, amelyekből a gyermekjátékok története iránt érdeklődő kutató tájékozódhat
Artificial intelligence as a catalyst for sustainable business innovation: Perspectives from finance and marketing
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force driving sustainable business innovation across various sectors, particularly in finance and marketing. This study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of existing research to explore the role of AI as a catalyst for sustainable practices and digital transformation. This methodology entails a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases with a focus on the nexus of AI, sustainability, and business model innovation. The study underscores the significance of digital transformation in the context of sustainable business models, underscoring the necessity for strategic integration of technology, business model reengineering, and organizational structure optimization. The potential of AI technologies, including Machine Learning (ML), neural networks, and generative AI, to enhance sustainability efforts and drive innovation is also discussed. Furthermore, this study examines the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of AI in the fields of finance and marketing, considering factors such as data quality, ethical considerations, and organizational readiness. By providing in-sights into the sustainable utilization of AI technologies, this study contributes to the understanding of how AI can facilitate digital transformation and promote long-term value crea-tion in finance and marketing
Relationships of Fibers length and Ring Width with Precipitation and Temperature on Wood of Robinia pseudoacacia
No full textThis study examined the wood fiber parameters and yearly ring width of Robinia pseudoacacia grown in Bács-Kiskun County, Hungary, Plus, the relationships between fiber length and ring width with environmental factors, particularly precipitation and temperature, were investigated. The results revealed that the radial trends of fiber length, width, and wall thickness gradually increased from the pith to the bark, although the lumen diameter remained constant. The annual ring width displayed a decreasing pattern towards the bark. Statistical analysis showed significant relationships between temperature and both fiber length and ring width however, no relationship was detected with precipitation