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Comparison of fluted-growth and cylindrical hornbeam logs from Hungarian forests
No full textHornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) logs are typically noted for their fluted and twisted growth, which
results in growth rings that are polygonal and faceted rather than round. This type of growth has a
negative impact on their industrial use, primarily because of the low sawmill yield. Hornbeam has a high
density, making it difficult to manufacture, yet it is extremely good for hard and wear-resistant wood
parts. Today, however, cylindrical or almost cylindrical hornbeam logs can be found in Hungarian
forests, although little information is available on their timber and overall features. Some research
(drying characteristics, surface tension, chipping parameters, varnish adhesion, etc.) suggest that
cylindrical hornbeams have better properties than fluted-growth hornbeams, as the density of the
cylindricals are averagely 4.38% higher, and Brinell-Mörath hardness is on average 12.61% higher. By
investigating some physical-mechanical properties between cylindrical and fluted hornbeams, taking
into account some site influences, our research aims to improve the knowledge of wood science and
wood industry. Once the results have been evaluated, we may be able to select the appropriate growing
parameters using the correlations. This will enable foresters to grow high-quality logs that can be
utilized much better even in the changing climate
Az öngondoskodás szerepe a hazai nyugdíjrendszer fenntarthatóságában
No full textNyugdíjrendszerek áttekintését tűztük ki célul, elsődlegesen Magyarországon és néhány európai országban megvizsgálva azért, hogy bemutassuk mennyire fontos lenne az, hogy Magyarországon további lépéseket eszközöljön az állam és egyben a lakosság is a jobb minőségű idősebb életkor megélése érdekében. Fontos tény, hogy a pénzügyi döntéseinket heurisztikák, kognitív torzítások nagymértékben befolyásolják és ezek meghatározó jelentőséggel bírnak az öngondoskodás szempontjából is. A nyugdíjak esetleges csökkenése közvetlenül hat a mindenkori állami költségvetés ki-adásaira, de közvetett módon a költségvetési bevételeket is befolyásolja. Kiemelt stratégiai cél, hogy újabb eszközökkel ösztönözzük a lakosságot arra, hogy növelje öngondoskodását a jövőben, ezzel felkészülve az időskori élet magasabb színvonalú megélésére, s támogatva az adott állam működési biztonságát is. Végezetül pedig egy konkrét programot mutatunk be nyugdíjmegtakarítást tekintve, ötvözve kognitív pszichológiai kérdésekkel – SAVE MORE Tomorrow címmel.JEL-kódok: D14, G41, H75, J3
Carbon Sequestration in the Aboveground Living Biomass of Windbreaks—Climate Change Mitigation by Means of Agroforestry in Hungary
No full textThe land use sector is a crucial pillar in achieving the EU climate goals set for 2050. A significant part of the climate change mitigation potential of the land use sector is inherent to agroforestry. Windbreaks are important agroforestry elements of Hungarian agricultural landscapes. The new and improved agroforestry subsidy system may positively affect the extension of windbreaks in Hungary, making it relevant to assess their carbon sequestration potential. In our study, we examined the carbon sequestration of windbreaks at the country level and in two sample areas of 24,000 hectares based on National Forestry Database volume stock data, as well as information collected from the Hungarian Forest Cover Map using orthophoto interpretation. We estimated the total annual carbon sequestration realized in the aboveground biomass pool of Hungarian windbreaks to be −33.1 ktCO2/year, which is 0.67% of the total annual carbon sequestration of the aboveground biomass pool of all Hungarian forests, as reported by the Hungarian Greenhouse Gas Inventory. On the other hand, according to our estimate, the weighted mean annual carbon sequestration in the aboveground biomass of windbreaks was −2.4 tCO2/ha/year in the 2010–2020 period. This value is very close to the average mean annual carbon sequestration per hectare value of all forests, as reported by the Hungarian Greenhouse Gas Inventory. This means that planting a given area of windbreaks in between agricultural fields can have similar climate change mitigation effects as planting forests in the same given area
