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Production of bio-based paper coating made with the addition of eggshell powder
No full textA chitosan based coating was prepared where eggshell powder was added. Eggshell is a product that appears in large numbers in everyday life, so it has great potential as waste, which can be used to turn it into a valuable material. Cellulose sheets were made from secondary fiber, and after coated with the chitosan based solution to investigate the properties of the sheets. The results of the treated handsheets were compared with the results of the control sheet. The control sheets were compared with 4 different type of paper: coatings of chitosan with 5wt% and 10wt% eggshell powder, only chitosan coating, and paper where eggshell powder was added to the paper pulp. The use of the eggshell powder as an additive in the coating would be a promising material, because it can improve in a large extent the water resistance and the air barrier properties of the paper
Climate change mitigation potentials of wood industry related measures in Hungary
No full textHarvested wood products (HWPs) store a significant amount of carbon while long-lived products and wooden buildings can be among the most effective means for carbon storage. Wood products’ lifetime extension and appropriate waste management, recycling, and reuse can further contribute to the achievement of climate goals. In our study we projected under 10 different scenarios the carbon storage, carbon dioxide and methane emissions of the Hungarian HWP pool up to 2050 in order to find the combination of wood industry-related measures with the highest climate change mitigation effect. For the projection we used the country-specific HWP-RIAL model to predict emissions associated with the end-of-life and waste management of wood products. The main conclusion is that without additional measures the Hungarian HWP pool would turn from a carbon sink to a source of emissions by 2047. To maintain the Hungarian HWP pool to be a continuous carbon sink it is essential to implement additional climate mitigation measures including cascading product value chains, and approaches of a circular bioeconomy. We find the most effective individual measures are increasing product half-life, increasing recycling rate and increasing industrial wood production through increased industrial wood assortments and increased harvest. With the combination of these measures a maximum average annual climate change mitigation potential of 1.5 Mt CO 2 equivalents could be reached during the 2022–2050 period
What we know about Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) - from evolutionary history to species ecology
No full textTurkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) is a deciduous tree species of the genus Quercus section Cerris (Fagaceae), widely distributed in Europe and Asia Minor. Throughout its vast distribution range, the species carries high phenotypic and genetic variability. Due to its high drought tolerance, Turkey oak may have great potential to be a key tree species in Central and Western Europe under climate change conditions. However, more detailed information on its phylogeny, phylogeography, phenotypic, and genetic variability is still needed for a more careful and reliable assessment of the species' adaptation potential. To this end, based on 41 reviewed articles, we collected detailed information to support the evaluation of Turkey oak's adaptation potential under climate change. In the reviewed articles, we observed a significantly lower number of genetic studies of the members of the section Cerris (especially the Euro-Mediterranean species) relative to the subgenus Quercus. We also identified research gaps with respect to the functional and population genetics of the species that should be addressed in the future. Nevertheless, the different evolutionary background and adaptation strategies of Turkey oak as compared to Central European white oaks, as well as its high phenotypic and genetic variability, may indeed represent a great potential for this species to support the climate adaptation of forestry in Central and Western Europe
Calibration of particle sensor with neural network algorithm
No full textBased on air quality index data for the period 2018–2022, Hungary ranks as the 80th most polluted country in the world. Given the air pollution data measured in Hungary and the health impact of air pollution, it is of utmost importance to measure air quality in Hungary focusing on PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants. One possible solution for high-density measurement is to utilize low-cost sensors at the population level. The calibration procedure has to be carried out in a way that does not incur extra costs and maintenance at the physical level. A potential solution is the development of an algorithm to perform the calibration with remote access. This publication presents a fragment of this development, where we attempted to implement the procedure using a neural network and performed a comparative analysis with official data
Assessing Yield, Biomass Production, and Forage Quality of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in Agroforestry System: One-Year Study in Szarvas, Hungary
No full textThis study examines the impact of line spacing (X: 24 m, Y: 9 m, Z: 6.5 m) and orientation to tree lines on the growth, yield, and quality of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in a temperate, irrigated agroforestry system (2 ha) in Szarvas, Hungary. Three sampling locations were distinguished between the east and west oriented tree lines: the north (N) side, middle (M) strip, and south (S) side of the tree lines. The highest red clovers were observed in the 6.5 m spacing (mean height 69.3 ± 7.2 cm), although yields were similar across 24 m, 9 m, and 6.5 m spacings (2.9 t ha−1, 2.3 t ha−1, and 2.7 t ha−1 dry matter, respectively). Orientation significantly influenced all forage quality parameters, with the north side showing earlier developmental stages and higher proportions of immature flowers (41–59%). Managing the spatial arrangement of red clover in agroforestry systems can help optimize forage quality by mitigating variations in plant maturity
Comparing the blossoming and wood producing properties of selected black locust clones
No full textBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a tree species introduced from North America, and it’s well
known for its positive economical and negative ecological properties, making it one of the most widely
distributed tree species in European countries. Despite its rapid growth, its wood is hard and weatherresistant so it can be used, for example, as sawn wood products, barked or belted poles and vineyard
posts among others and also as planting material for short rotation energy plantations. Its nectare
producing ability is excellent as well, black locust honey can make up to 50% of the whole honey
production of Hungary. Unfortunately, increasingly hectic weather conditions, late frosts and the rising
frequency of destructive storms caused by climate change, which are nowadays more and more
noticeable, have a negative impact not only on nectar production but also on the shape of stem
(Jovanović 1967, Herman 1971, Vajda 1974, Rițiu et al. 1988). Consequently, fast-growing species with
good stem suckers and high nectar production potential are recommended, taking into account the
variable future distribution of black locust in Europe (Boer 2013, Kutnar & Kobler 2013, Guoqing et al.
2014, Giuliani et al. 2015, Dyderski et al. 2017). To decide which cultivars can be used to help the
beekeepers as well as foresters, which ones are more resistant to climate change and the biotic and
abiotic damages, we need to compare their growth and their blossoming properties. The height of the
tree is determined firsthand by genetics, the diameter at breast height is defined by growth space
according to most authors but in a recent study Ábri and Keserű (2023) found that the linkage wasn’t
significant in terms of juvenile black locust cultivars. There is a trade-off in most plants regarding
growth and generative reproduction on the edges of distribution unrelated to whether it’s the dry (South)
or the cold (North) end of it (Willy and Buskirk 2022). We must therefore need to find the correlation
breakers which won’t show the traits of not only these trade-offs, but those regarding resistant and
resilient traits and can be selected by phenotype