Civil Engineering Dimension (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
443 research outputs found
Sort by
APLIKASI PROGRAM TRANSYT PADA SIMPANG DI BAWAH JENUH Studi Kasus : Simpang Airlangga dan Simpang Udayana Kotamadya Mataram
Get PDFAn intersection is a critical area of conflicting traffic caused by the conflict problems of traffic movement. This conflicting traffic leads to driver delay, accident and traffic jam. A high traffic flow increases problems due to vehicle conflict, traffic light should be set up in order to separate and merge vehicle movement within traffic flow. A coordination of undersaturated intersections could reduce delay, travel time and travel cost. A computer program called TRANSYT was used to coordinate two undersaturated intersection discussed in this project. Research variables included were traffic volume, saturation flow, speed, traffic light setting and geometrical data of the intersections. The output of TRANSYT showed that the initial performance index was Rp.12.623.500/hour and could be reduced to Rp.8.165.250/hour after coordination of the two intersections. Total delay decreased 35.7 % from the initial delay, and the travel time was 12.5% faster. The optimum offset value of both intersection coordinated was found and the minimum performance index was attained using 90 second cycle time.
Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia:
Persimpangan merupakan salah satu lokasi yang rawan terhadap kemacetan akibat konflik pergerakan kendaraan. Konflik pergerakan ini menyebabkan tundaan, kecelakaan serta kemacetan. Arus lalu lintas yang terlalu tinggi menimbulkan masalah karena adanya konflik yang meningkat, maka pemasangan lampu lalu lintas perlu dilakukan. Pengkoordinasian dua simpang dibawah jenuh (undersaturated) yang dianalisa, dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi tundaan, waktu perjalanan dan biaya perjalanan yang terjadi. Dari hasil analisa dengan menggunakan Program TRANSYT diperoleh kinerja simpang seperti nilai indek kinerja sebelum koordinasi sebesar Rp.12.149.550/jam dan Rp.8.164.300/jam setelah dikoordinasi, tundaan total yang terjadi berkurang 35,7 % dari tundaan sebelum dikoordinasikan dan waktu perjalanan yang lebih cepat 12,5 % dari waktu perjalanan semula. Di samping itu diperoleh juga nilai offset optimum pada kedua simpang yang dikoordinasikan serta nilai indek kinerja paling minimum yang didapat dengan waktu siklus 90 detik.
Kata Kunci : konflik pergerakan, tundaan, arus jenuh, indek kinerja
REDISTRIBUSI MOMEN PADA BALOK KOMPOSIT MENERUS DENGAN MEMPERHATIKAN PENGARUH MOMEN INERSIA NEGATIF
Get PDFElastic analysis of continuos composite beams, assumes constant second moment of area constant over the length of the beam, giving hogging moment at internal supports higher than sagging moment at midspan. This certainly is not favorable because the contribution of concrete slab should be ignored in calculating moment resistance at the internal support. Where elastic analysis is used, alternative economic design is achieved with redistribution of moments from the internal support to the midspan. This paper considering the influence of negative moment inertia to moment redistribution shows that moment redistribution is influenced by the ratio of ultimate positive bending moment to positive bending moment capacity (Mu+/Mkap+). The smaller the ratio (Mu+/Mkap+) the bigger the allowed moment redistribution. Some graphs to calculate the amount of moment redistribution that can be allowed are also presented.
Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :
Pada perencanaan balok komposit menerus secara elastis momen enersia sepanjang balok dianggap sama, sehingga momen negatif yang terjadi di daerah tumpuan lebih besar daripada momen positif yang terjadi di lapangan. Hal ini tidak menguntungkan karena kontribusi pelat beton pada daerah momen negatif tidak dapat diperhitungan. Salah satu alternatif untuk memperoleh desain yang lebih menguntungkan dilakukan dengan redistribusi momen dari daerah tumpuan ke daerah lapangan. Makalah ini dengan memperhatikan pengaruh momen inersia negatif terhadap redistribusi momen, menunjukkan bahwa besar redistribusi momen yang dapat dilakukan dipengaruhi oleh rasio momen ultimate positif yang terjadi sebelum redistribusi (Mu+) terhadap kapasitas momen lentur positif penampang (Mkap+). Makin kecil rasio (Mu+/Mkap+) makin besar redistribusi yang dapat dilakukan. Tulisan ini juga menyajikan alat bantu berupa grafik untuk menentukan besarnya redistribusi momen
PENGUKURAN KADAR AIR AGREGAT DAN BETON SEGAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE OVEN
Get PDFThe conventional method of water content measurement of aggregate and fresh concrete need along time to perform. As an alternative the use of microwave oven is explored in this research.
The microwave oven used has 900 watt power and equiped with a turn table. Nine (9) type of aggregate consist of five (5) type of fine aggregate and four (4) type of coarse aggregate with varions water absorbsion value, are unvestigated. The rater contents measured is then compared with the once obtained using conventional oven. Four (4) type of mix using aggegate with varions water absorbsion values. Water content used for the fresh concrete mix is 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7.
The test results show that this method can beused to measure water content of fine and coarse aggregate regardless of the water absorbsion values of the aggregates. For fine aggregate nine (9) minutes drying time is needed to get 100% accuracy while for coarse aggregate 11 minutes with 96% accuracy. For fresh concrete using aggregate with less than 5% absorbsion value 18 minutes is neede to get 98% accuracy, while for aggregate with 40% absorbsion value 35 minutes is needed to get 80% accuracy.
Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :
Pengukuran kadar air pada agregat dan beton segar dengan metode konvensional memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama, maka dilakukan penelitian penggunaan microwave oven sebagai metode alternatifnya.
Microwave oven yang digunakan mempunyai daya 900 watt dan dilengkapi dengan piring putar. Dilakukan penelitian terhadap 9 tipe agregat (5 jenis agregat halus dan 4 jenis agregat kasar) dengan berbagai nilai absorpsi. Sedangkan untuk beton segar dibuat 4 macam campuran dengan berbagai nilai absorpsi agregat. Faktor air-semen yang digunakan adalah 0.3, 0.5 dan 0.7. Hasil pengukuran kadar airnya dengan microwave oven dibandingkan terhadap oven standard.
Hasil tes yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kadar air agregat halus dan kasar dengan tidak tergantung pada nilai absorpsinya. Untuk agregat halus dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan selama 9 menit dengan ketelitian 100%, untuk agregat kasar selama 11 menit dengan ketelitian 96%. Untuk beton segar dengan agregat yang nilai absorpsinya di bawah 5% selama 18 menit dengan ketelitian 98%. Untuk beton segar dengan agregat yang nilai absorpsinya 40% dibutuhkan waktu 35 menit dan hasil yang dicapai hanya sanggup mengukur kadar air total, rata-rata sebesar 80% dari total kandungan air dari beton segar yang diukur
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PENGHUNI DAN PERANAN ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS DAN MARKETER STIMULI PADA KONDOMINIUM MEWAH DI SURABAYA
Get PDFThe occupancy rate of luxurious condominiums in Surabaya keep on decreasing. There are many
reasons for these problems, among others economic crisis that weakened market-buying capability
(external) and decreased preferences to reside (internal). The internal factor comprises of occupant’s
satisfaction, environmental influences, individual consumers and marketer stimuli. The purpose of
the research is to know according to the assessment of the occupants which of these four factors, is
higher and more dominant. The occupants surveyed are the occupants of the luxurious condominiums
in Surabaya, such as Paragon, Beverly, Puri Matahari, Regency, Graha Famili, and Puri Darmo.
Samples were taken with Purposive Sampling method and collected through questioners. Anova is
used to analyse the data with SPS 2000 program. The result showed that there are no significant
differences of occupant’s satisfaction, environmental influences, individual consumers and marketer
stimuli on the six observed condominiums. Meanwhile according to the mean, occupant’s satisfaction,
individual consumers and marketer stimuli are dominant at Puri Matahari, and environmental
influences are dominant at Puri Darmo.
Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :
Tingkat hunian kondominium mewah di Surabaya terus menurun tajam. Hal yang menjadi
penyebabnya antara lain krisis ekonomi yang memperlemah daya beli pasar (eksternal) dan
menurunnya minat menempati (internal). Faktor internal adalah kepuasan penghuni,
environmental influences, individual consumers dan marketer stimuli. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui penilaian penghuni kondominium mewah di Surabaya, yaitu Paragon, Beverly,
Puri Matahari, Regency, Graha Famili, dan Puri Darmo terhadap keempat faktor ini. Ingin
diketahui faktor mana yang lebih tinggi dan lebih dominan peranannya. Pengambilan sampel
menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Analisis
data menggunakan Anova dengan program SPS 2000. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada
perbedaan yang signifikan antara faktor kepuasan penghuni dan peranan environmental influences,
individual consumers dan marketer stimuli pada keenam kondominium. Sedangkan berdasarkan
rerata diketahui bahwa faktor-faktor kepuasan penghuni, individual consumers, dan marketer
stimuli dominan pada Puri Matahari, dan faktor environmental influences dominan pada Puri
Darmo
BASIC ACTUAL AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGERS IN SURABAYA
Get PDFLeading is one of the most important facets in managing construction projects, and behaving as an effective leader is a vital project manager’s responsibility to ensure that work efforts of other persons are directed toward the accomplishment of organizational objectives. This paper aims to determine basic and actual leadership styles of construction project managers in Surabaya. The effectiveness of the actual leadership style is also examined. To accomplish the objective, the paper first briefly reviews the ways in which leadership is approached. Data were then collected through an empirical survey to 46 project managers, taking Fiedler and Hersey-Blanchard’s models as the point of departure. The results indicate that the basic leadership of project managers in Surabaya falls slightly on task-oriented behavior. Meanwhile selling is the most common style used as actual leadership in practice. The paper discusses the effectiveness of the styles adopted and situational variables affecting
GEMPA RENCANA UNTUK ANALISA RIWAYAT WAKTU
Get PDFIn the absence of design earthquake accelerogram, to do time history analysis the Indonesian Seismic code required the use of a minimum of four earthquake accelerograms. This procedure gives some difficulty in research. One possibility is to use a spectrum consistent time history record in the analysis.
Using an interactive program called RESMAT, four spectrum consistent time histories are created from, El-Centro, May 15, 1940 N-S, Denpasar 1981, Pacoima February 9, 1971 S16E and Parkfield June 27, 1966 N-E, earthquake records. The resulting time history records are applied to six (6) symmetrical buildings with five, ten, 15, 20, 25 and 30 story in a time history analysis. The story shears obtained are then compared with the story shear envelope of the four original earthquake records as specified in the code.
It is shown that spectrum consistent time history obtained from Pacoima, February 9, 1971 S16E, in all cases gives conservative story shears compared with the envelope of the four original earthquake records as specified by the code
Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :
Belum adanya riwayat waktu gempa rencana yang disetujui untuk dipakai di Indonesia, menyebabkan dalam analisa riwayat waktu harus digunakan minimal empat riwayat waktu gempa yang berbeda. Hal ini menyebabkan kesulitan-kesulitan tersendiri dalam melakukan penelitian.
Salah satu pemecahan yang dapat diambil adalah memodifikasi rekaman riwayat waktu gempa yang sesungguhnya untuk menghasilkan suatu gempa rencana yang menghasilkan respons spektra yang konsisten dengan respons spektra yang ditentukan dalam peraturan gempa.
Penelitian ini membandingkan gaya geser tingkat yang dihasilkan oleh gempa rencana yang diperoleh dari rekaman gempa El-Centro 15 Mei 1940 N-S, Denpasar 1981, Pacoima 9 Februari 1971 S16E dan Parkfield 27 Juni 1966 N-E, terhadap envelope gaya geser tingkat ke empat gempa tersebut sesuai dengan peraturan gempa. Untuk perbandingan ini dipakai enam buah model struktur sederhana dengan bentuk denah yang teratur dan simetris, dengan jumlah lantai 5, 10,15, 20, 25 dan 30 lantai. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan gempa rencana digunakan suatu program interaktif yang dinamakan RESMAT
Dari evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap ke enam model struktur tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa gempa rencana yang didapatkan dari modifikasi Gempa Pacoima 9 Februari 1971 S16E, menghasilkan pembagian gaya geser yang setara dengan envelope gaya geser tingkat dari ke empat gempa tersebut diatas.
Kata kunci : analisa riwayat waktu, accelerogram gempa rencana, spectrum consistent time history
SWELLING AND COMPRESSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL - BENTONITE MIXTURES
Get PDFUnderstanding characteristics of soil mixtures lead to increasing the confidence level before applying
such materials in the field. The outcomes of this study can provide insight into the swelling and the
compressibility behavior of soil – bentonite mixtures, between non-swelling materials and swelling
materials. A simple swell and compression laboratory test has been conducted for the purposes of
this study. The result of this study indicated that the existence of bentonite in the soil mixtures
influence the swelling behavior, which follows a hyperbolic curve model. Amount and size of nonswelling
fraction affected the swelling and compressibility
APPROPRIATE ALLOCATION OF CONTINGENCY USING RISK ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
Get PDFMany cost overruns in the world of construction are attributable to either unforeseen events or foreseen events for which uncertainty was not appropriately accommodated. It is argued that a significant improvement to project management performance may result from greater attention to the process of analyzing project risks. The objective of this paper is to propose a risk analysis methodology for appropriate allocation of contingency in project cost estimation.
In the first step, project risks will be identified. Influence diagramming technique is employed to identify and to show how the risks affect the project cost elements and also the relationships among the risks themselves. The second step is to assess the project costs with regards to the risks under consideration. Using a linguistic approach, the degree of uncertainty of identified project risks is assessed and quantified. The problem of dependency between risks is taken into consideration during this analysis. For the final step, as the main purpose of this paper, a method for allocating appropriate contingency is presented. Two types of contingencies, i.e. project contingency and management reserve are proposed to accommodate the risks. An illustrative example is presented at the end to show the application of the methodology
KOEFISIEN GESEK TANAH KELEMPUNGAN BERDASARKAN INDEX PLASTISITASNYA
Get PDFThe plasticity index of clayey soils has been known as a good indicator for many soil parameters. This paper describes how the plasticity index of clays correlates well with the friction coefficient on certain concrete interfaces.
Interface direct shear tests were carried out on undisturbed clay samples. The test specimens were normally loaded to simulate the lateral stress at its field condition, and later sheared along a concrete interface. The ratio between the shear stress and the normal stress is termed as the friction coefficient.
It appeared that for a certain interface a unique relation between plasticity index and the friction coefficient could be established. Thus, knowing the plasticity index of a clay layer we could determine its adhesion or skin resistance to an embedded pile surface.
Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :
Index plastisitas tanah kelempungan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap sifat-sifat tanah tersebut, dan telah dipakai untuk menentukan beberapa parameter tanah. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini berupaya mengetahui pengaruh index plastisitas tanah kelempungan terhadap koefisien geseknya ke permukaan suatu bahan beton. Percobaan dilakukan dalam alat geser langsung (direct shear). Spesimen uji tanah digeserkan ke atas permukaan suatu bahan beton setelah dibebani sesuai dengan tegangan lateral yang pernah diterimanya. Koefisien gesek didefinisikan sebagai rasio antara tegangan geser serta tegangan lateral ini.
Ternyata untuk sesuatu macam permukaan bahan didapat hubungan yang cukup unik antara koefisien gesek dengan index plastisitas tanah. Untuk sesuatu lapisan tanah kelempungan dengan index plastisitas tertentu dapat ditentukan besarnya hambatan lekat tanahnya pada permukaan suatu tiang pondasi yang ditahannya
EFEK PENGEKANGAN KOLOM BERLUBANG BETON MUTU NORMAL TERHADAP DAKTILITAS KURVATUR
Get PDFConduit (pipes) in reinforced concrete columns is still used to date. ACI 318M-95 code limits the hole up to maximum 4% of the column cross sectional area. If the percentage is more than 4%, its effect toward its strength should be considered. But the Code does not mention the effect of the hollow cross section on the ductility.
This study was done by testing hollow and solid columns with variation as follows: single stirrup ratio = 0.0184, double stirrup ratio = 0.0276, longitudinal steel ratio = 0.0252, concrete compression strength f’c = 26 MPa, column cross-section b = h = 200 mm, column length L = 1100 mm, hole-ratio (0%, 4.53%, 7.07%). Both ends of the column are loaded by constant axial compression load of 0.12f’cAg = 12,5 ton, lateral loads are applied at 1/3 and 2/3 points to produce moments. The observed variables are moment and curvature ductility.
The result of the study shows that the 4% hollow column still has the same moment strength as the solid one. This experiment also indicates that its curvature ductility is within the range of 6.14 8.49, thus showing that the columns should be considered as limited ductile structure. If the hole-ratio is more than 4%, however, a decrease in the curvature ductility will be found.
Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :
Sampai saat ini masih ditemui pemakaian konduit (pipa-pipa) pada kolom beton bertulang, sehingga penampang kolom menjadi berlubang. Peraturan ACI 318M-95 membatasi besarnya lubang maksimum 4%, apabila persentase lubang 4%, maka besarnya lubang harus diperhitungkan terhadap pengaruh kekuatannya. Peraturan tersebut tidak menyinggung pengaruh lubang terhadap daktilitas kolom berlubang.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat benda uji kolom berlubang dan tak berlubang dengan variasi: rasio sengkang tunggal = 0,0184; rasio sengkang rangkap = 0,0276; rasio tulangan memanjang = 0,0252; f’c = 26 MPa, penampang kolom = b x h = 200 mm x 200 mm, panjang kolom = L = 1100 mm, rasio lubang (0%; 4,53%; 7,07%), pada kedua ujung kolom diberikan Paksial-tekan konstan 0,12f’cAg = 12,5 ton, diberikan pula beban lateral terletak 1/3 & 2/3 bentang kolom untuk menimbulkan momen. Variabel yang diamati berupa momen dan daktilitas kurvatur.
Hasil penelitian tentang kekuatan momen kolom berlubang 4% masih menunjukkan kekuatan yang sama dengan kolom tak berlubang. Eksperimen ini juga mendapatkan daktilitas kurvatur rentang 6,14,8,49 (termasuk daktilitas terbatas). Jika rasio lubang melebihi 4%, maka akan menurunkan daktilitas kurvatu