Civil Engineering Dimension (E-Journal)
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Comparative Study of Conventional Rotary and Rotary-Percussion Techniques in Grout Hole Drilling from the Perspectives of Time, Cost, and Quality
Full text linkA dam foundation structure is usually strengthened by grouting, which begins with grout hole drilling. This paper aims to examine a comparison between conventional rotary and rotary-percussion drilling techniques in a drilling case study of the Tugu Dam Project, from the perspective of time, cost, and quality comprehensively. Primary data was obtained from the field investigation and interviews. Secondary data was gathered from available project documents of the PT Wijaya Karya-APTA KSO Project Contractor. The findings have highlighted that the implementation of the rotary-percussion technique for grout hole drilling is better than conventional rotary drilling. There are 16 days of time-saving and 3.84% cost-savings for the rotary-percussion technique, as a result of faster rate of penetration. The quality of grouting work using the rotary-percussion drilling technique tends to be of better quality, although there is a shortcoming due to the limited drilling depth of only 5m particularly
Flexural and Shear Behavior of 3D Printed Reinforced Concrete Beams: An Experimental Study
Full text link3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) provides many advantages for construction industry especially on productivity, waste, labor, and environment. Many researches have been conducted on the material development for 3DCP. However, there are not many researches which study the structural behavior of 3DCP. This experimental research aims to analyze flexural and shear behavior of 3D printed reinforced concrete beams. Five longitudinal reinforcement ratios were used to analyze crack patterns, failure mode, ductility, and capacity of those beams. The experimental results were then compared with analytical results by using ACI design code. The results show that higher longitudinal reinforcement ratio yields higher flexural and shear capacity of 3DCP beams. Due to layer-by-layer printing process, 3DCP beams are prone to local failure of filaments. Placement of longitudinal reinforcement might initiate macroscopic voids which could cause slippage and sudden drop on the capacity. Furthermore, ACI code underestimates the capacity of 3DCP beams failing in shear by some margins
Application of Soil Structure Interaction on Building with Basement using Nonlinear Soil Springs
Full text linkIn a typical building design, the interaction between building and surrounding soils is often ignored. Since soil is deformable and has limited capacity to resist loads, this interaction, called soil-structure interaction (SSI), could alter building responses, especially during earthquake loadings for buildings with significant basement depths. In this study, a 10-story reinforced concrete building with 3-level basement was used to evaluate the effects of SSI on building during earthquakes. Dynamic time response analyses were performed using earthquake time histories scaled to a design response spectrum for a Surabaya, Indonesia, location. Soil responses during earthquakes were modeled using nonlinear hysteresis normal and elastic-perfectly plastic frictional soil springs, developed using the hardening soil with small strain stiffness model. Depth-varying ground motions were also applied along the basement depth. The results show inconclusive SSI effects, where some of the time histories produce greater base shears and inter-story drifts when SSI is considered, while others show the opposite results
Modelling of Shear-critical, Lightly Reinforced Concrete T-beams with Externally Bonded CFRP using ATENA Science
Full text linkThis paper presents the finite element modelling of shear-critical reinforced concrete beams strengthened with U-wrapped CFRP fabrics using ATENA. Fracture-plastic constitutive models, implemented in the context of smeared crack and crush-band approach, were employed to represent the nonlinear behaviours of concrete. CFRP U-wraps were modelled as smeared reinforcement and bonded to the concrete surface using an interface element, considering appropriate bond properties. To this end, two large lightly reinforced concrete T-beams from tests undertaken by Brindley in 2018 were analysed and predictions of the load-deflection response and failure mode are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the modelling. Moreover, parametric analyses were performed to assess the effectiveness of CFRP U-wraps for strengthening deteriorated members. It is shown that the response of the beams can be predicted accurately, capturing successfully the brittle shear failure mode observed experimentally. It is also shown that CFRP U-wraps are useful for reducing the brittleness of shear-critical beams
Trans Mamminasata Bus Service Coverage Area in Corridors 2 and 3, Indonesia, using Network Analysis
Full text linkThis study examines issues related to the Trans Mamminasata Bus/Teman Bus, Indonesia, particularly in Corridors 2 and 3. Using primary and secondary data obtained from a survey, this study explores the service coverage area for three facilities (housing facilities, government and educational infrastructures) along the Corridors 2 and 3 using network analysis in Quantum GIS (QGIS). Two variables, pedestrian distance (400 meters) and cyclist distance (2000 meters), were applied in this study. The results showed that Corridor 2 served 86 infrastructures for the pedestrian distance variable and 367 infrastructures for the cyclist distance variable, while Corridor 3 served 89 infrastructures for the pedestrian distance variable and 217 infrastructures for the cyclist distance variable. The study found that the total service coverage area along Corridors 2 and 3 is wider for cyclists than for pedestrians. Moreover, this study highlights the presence of urban sprawl in the regions served by both Corridors
A Practical Implementation of Brackish Water Treatment with Local Material in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Full text linkIndonesia, an archipelago with vast coastal areas consisting of 809 coastal villages, still faces the same problems of clean water scarcity and accessibility. This research goals are to discover appropriate inexpensive local filtering media and lower the salinity of brackish water in Sidoarjo Regency Indonesia. Regarding previous invention and research, this study deploy an experimental method by physical experiment including local materials along with chemical experiment: ion exchangers as well as reverse osmosis (RO). The outcomes demonstrate that local media filtration utilizing a combination of a 10-micron filter, kaolin, zeolite, kaolin, activated carbon, and kaolin is the best combination to produce the most transparent, and odorless water. It can reduce Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) values by 8.59% and 7.18%, and reduce pH levels by 2.59%. On the other hand, reverse osmosis and ion exchange can achieve 99.5% and 67% reductions in TDS and EC values, respectively
On the Weights for Characteristics and Comparables for Property Valuation using Quality Rating Valuation Estimation
Full text linkThis study considers the problem of finding weights for building characteristics and compares buildings in property valuation to provide a more rigorous analytical foundation for a simple yet practical valuation technique knowns as Quality Rating Valuation Estimation (QRVE). Mathematically, we prove that the “best” characteristic weights can be obtained from Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MRA) coefficients. Furthermore, by applying the Gower Similarity index and the Partition Around Medoid (PAM) clustering technique, the proposed algorithm provides an appropriate similarity of the weighing of compared buildings. The case studies illustrate a way to select a subset of characteristics when there are many of them with two numerical examples, as well as a complete modification of QRVE in conjunction with the grid adjustment technique. The modified QRVE proposal results in a very reasonable and high valuation performance of the building value estimate
Hydromechanics – Slope Monitoring in Rainy Season
Full text linkRainfall and soil response are necessary to be monitored to have slope characteristics in detecting landslide occurrence. Even though much research has been carried out worldwide for rainfall monitoring, less research has been conducted in Indonesia for slope monitoring. Therefore, this research was conducted to observe the suction, soil moisture content, and rainfall in a silty sand slope. An automatic rain gauge was set on the ground to measure precipitation. Tensiometer and soil moisture content sensors were installed at depths of 0.5 m; 1 m; and 1.5 m from the slope surface. The monitoring was conducted during the peak rainy season from December 2022 to January 2023. The rainfall amount is about 436.6 mm, and the 6 hours of rainfall events contribute a relatively sizeable rainfall amount (about 31%) to the total. The safety factor of the slope is estimated to decrease by 39%-40% due to the rainfall
Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Special Moment Frames with Hybrid Connection System in Five and Ten Story Buildings
Full text linkPrecast concrete has been widely implemented in various construction projects due to shorter construction duration and consistent quality. In a previous study, Solberg et al. (2008) conducted an experiment on hybrid beam-column connections with Damage Avoidance Design concept to improve the seismic performance of precast concrete special moment frames. The objective of this study is to further evaluate the seismic performance of precast concrete special moment frames with the hybrid beam-column connections in five and ten story buildings. The evaluation was done through non-linear dynamic time history analysis using OpenSees. The analysis results show that precast concrete frame buildings exhibit insignificant difference in maximum interstory drift ratios and roof displacements as compared to conventional concrete frame buildings. However, with significantly smaller residual displacements which indicates less structural damage, precast concrete frame buildings could be preferred in the long run as they require less structural repairs after a strong earthquake event
Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Displacement and Settlement Mapping for Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road Section I & II, Indonesia
Full text linkThe liquefaction-induced ground displacement (the lateral displacement and ground settlement) study in the Yogyakarta-Bawen toll road, Indonesia, is not yet conducted as the importance of this project, the project needs to be mapped. In this study, the mapping is conducted using two methods for lateral displacement, Gillins & Bartlett’s method and Zhang et al.’s method, while the mapping of ground settlement using Tokimatsu & Seed’s method and Yoshimine’s method. For Gillins & Bartlett’s method, the lateral displacement map in Yogyakarta-Bawen is dominated by moderate to high categories in section I but relatively low in section II. Meanwhile, Zhang et al.’s map in the I & II sections of the toll road is relatively dominated by the moderate category. Furthermore, the ground settlement map in I & II sections with Tokimatsu & Seed is mostly categorized as very high meanwhile Yoshimine’s map is predominately classified as low to moderate