Civil Engineering Dimension (E-Journal)
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Finite Element Analysis of The Effect of Fiber Content on The Flexural Strength of SFRC Beams with Steel Rebars
Full text linkThis research aimed at studying the effect of fiber content on the flexural strength and behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams with steel rebars. The study employed finite element (FE) analysis to simulate the behavior of SFRC beams. The simulation results of the FE model were validated against experimental data. Subsequently, the validated model was utilized to analyze the strength and crack patterns of SFRC beams with steel rebars in comparison to conventional RC concrete beams without fibers. The parametric study indicates an average 9% increase in RC beam capacity for every 1% increment in fiber volume fraction. Moreover, this study reveals more substantial effects of steel fibers on beams with low reinforcement ratios. Crack analysis shows that cracks in the SFRC beams are distributed more evenly compared to plain RC beams at regions with the same bending moment, indicating enhanced strength to sustain loads, reduced deflection, and improved beam ductility
The Relationship between Hydro-Agricultural Drought in the Corong River Basin: A Causal Time Series Regression Model
Full text linkThis research explores the relationship between hydrological drought and agricultural drought in the Corong River Basin, focusing on the Gondang Reservoir Irrigation Area, Indonesia. By employing a Causal Time Series Regression Model, the study uncovers that agricultural drought twelve months prior has a significant impact on current agricultural drought and is influenced by current hydrological drought. Time series regression analysis reveals that 45.86% of agricultural drought is influenced by hydrological drought, with 54.14% influenced by other factors besides rainfall. Further research is needed to investigate these additional factors. These findings have practical implications, serving as a valuable index for assessing drought severity and planning mitigation actions, especially in the irrigation areas of interest. They emphasize the importance of effective irrigation management, appropriate cropping patterns, and a comprehensive understanding of the complex characteristics of drought in agricultural regions through comprehensive monitoring efforts in agricultural drought mitigation
Flexural Strength of RHS Perforated Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Beam at Temperature 24-900ºC
Full text linkThe investigation of stainless steel structures at elevated temperatures is still limited, especially to those focused on the behaviour of perforated beams. Therefore, a numerical study was conducted to investigate the behaviour and strength of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel (CFLDSS) beams having a single web perforation that failed due to pure bending at temperatures between 24-900oC. In total, 200 square and rectangular hollow sections (RHSs), which had various cross-section sizes, hole diameters, and temperature simulations, were involved in the parametric study. The numerical study was based on the ABAQUS simulation results of the 200 specimens. The numerical model was developed based on the validated existing studies. Numerical evaluations show that the existing codified strength predictions are conservative, but it has inconsistent safety. Hence, this study suggests modifications to the existing strength prediction, which is more conservative and reliable
Optimization of Counterfort Retaining Wall Structure with Shear Key using Metaheuristic Method
Full text linkThis paper presents the optimization work to obtain the most economical of counterfort retaining wall structure with shear key attached at its base using metaheuristic method. The metaheuristic algorithm is a global optimization method that can be used to find the optimum solution of complex problems. In this research, optimization is carried out using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) methods. This research utilizes a retaining wall sitting on stiff clay layer subjected to ten (10) m of granular soil of backfill. The scope of the study is limited to the material cost, that consists of the cost of concrete and reinforcement bars, of the counterfort retaining wall with shear key. The results show that the SOS algorithm resulted a lower cost and relatively faster in obtaining optimum retaining wall design compared to that of the PSO algorithm
Project Delivery Method Selection Criteria for Building Projects in Surabaya, Indonesia
Full text linkSelecting an appropriate Project Delivery Method (PDM) is a crucial decision for owners that significantly influences the success of a construction project. Various criteria, such as the nature of construction projects and the specific characteristics of owners and projects, should be properly considered to make this decision. This paper first assesses and evaluates the key criteria for selecting a PDM for building projects in Surabaya. It then proposes a multi-criteria decision-making model for the selection of three PDMs, namely Single General Contractor, Multiple Primes, and Design and Build. A three-step questionnaire survey was conducted to achieve the objectives. The initial analysis revealed six important selection criteria, which were then modelled and used in the subsequent survey. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) procedures, the second analysis determined the weights of each criterion for the three PDMs. The paper discusses these weights, suggesting the relative strengths of each PDM. Finally, the paper tests the robustness of the model using three building projects in Surabaya
Experimental Study of Two-way Half Slab Precast Concrete using Rextangular Rigid Connection
Full text linkA half-slab precast concrete (HSPC) system with precast bottom layers and in-situ cast top layers has been widely applied in various constructions. It generally behaves as a one-way slab due to the absence of positive-flexural reinforcements in the perpendicular direction to the precast component. However, in some cases, the HSPC was also applied in a two-way slab system. Consequently, a particular design and treatment in the connection between precast members was required, so that the bending moment in two orthogonal directions could be accommodated. In the present study, an innovative rectangular rigid connection (RRC) in a two-way HSPC system was investigated through an experimental test. It was found that the RRC-HSPC presented only a 9.13% reduction of the load at the crack, a 16.44% reduction of the ultimate load, and a 6.06% increase of the deflection at the crack when compared to the monolithic one
Free-Vibration and Buckling Analyses of Beams using Kriging-Based Timoshenko Beam Elements with the Discrete Shear Gap Technique
Full text linkA family of locking-free Kriging-based Timoshenko beam elements with a new implementation of the discrete shear gap technique was recently developed (referred to as K-beam-DSG1 elements). Performance of the K-beam-DSG1 elements has been shown to be very satisfactory in the linear static analysis of beams for a wide variety of thicknesses. This paper presents further development of the K-beam-DSG1 elements to free vibration and bifurcation buckling analyses of prismatic and non-prismatic beams. Consistent Kriging-based mass matrices are used for free vibration analysis and similarly, consistent Kriging-based geometric stiffness matrices are used for buckling analysis. The results show that for most of the cases, the K-beam-DGS1 elements yield remarkably accurate natural frequencies and critical compressive loads using a reasonable number of elements to discretize the beam. For an axially functionally graded fixed-fixed supported beam, however, the elements fail to predict the critical load accurately
Evaluation of Shear-Flexure Interaction Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Wall
Full text linkReinforced concrete (RC) wall is a critical structural member that resists lateral loadings, such as earthquake and wind. RC wall having moderate height to length ratio, 1.50-2.50, has the altered shear-flexure interaction (SFI) behavior, so shear and flexural failure mechanisms occur almost concurrently. Therefore, an experimental study of a moderate RC wall was conducted as a comprehensive study of the wall’s coupled nonlinear shear-flexure behavior under cyclic loading. The experimental results show that the RC wall failed in flexure mechanism, indicated by crushing of the flexural compression zone, and followed by immediate shear failure, notified by the occurrence of web crushing. In addition to the experiment, an analytical model using SFI-MVLEM element in OpenSees software was performed to verify the experimental results. The analytical results show that the model is able to simulate reasonably well the coupled nonlinear shear-flexure behavior of the RC wall subjected to cyclic loading
The Preliminary Study of Liquefaction Susceptibility Map in the Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road Sections I and II, Indonesia
Full text linkThe parts of Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road Indonesia, based on the geological agency’s liquefaction susceptibility map are located on moderately susceptible to liquefaction soil. This map can be a preliminary indication of liquefaction as it can roughly indicate liquefaction potential. However, it cannot illustrate the actual condition in detail as its inputs are macro parameters (geological and seismicity factors). The existence of silty sand and sand, earthquake sources, and shallow groundwater increase the liquefaction possibility to occur in this important national project. Therefore, the Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI) and the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) using Sonmez’s and Iwasaki’s analysis methods are conducted with peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.322 g for the first section and in the second section 0.298 g. The results of the three types of analysis have relatively similar trends but the differences are in each category. The LSI’s categories are very low-moderate in the observed location, meanwhile, the LPI’s categories are low-very high