Civil Engineering Dimension (E-Journal)
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Experimental Study of Bond Strength of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Vibration-Based 3D Printed Concrete Mortar
Full text linkMany new construction techniques have been developed in recent years, one of them is Three-Dimensional Concrete Printing (3DCP). It offers many advantages such as reduced human error, minimum manpower usage, and shorter construction period. This technique, however, still needs to be studied further to ensure good quality of constructions. This experimental study aims to investigate the bond strength of embedded steel reinforcement in vibration-based 3DCP mortar. The parameters varied are reinforcement diameter and direction of printing. It is found that average bond stress decreases as reinforcement diameter increases. Furthermore, 3DCP specimens with bars placed parallel to the printing direction have relatively higher bond stresses as compared to the ones with bars placed perpendicularly. As compared to conventional cast specimens, 3DCP specimens have higher bond stresses which might be due to vibration-based 3DCP mortar. Moreover, building code formulas significantly underestimate the bond stresses of vibration-based 3DCP specimens tested in this study
Risk Analysis of Modest Housing Projects Scheduling using Monte Carlo Simulation
Full text linkIt is crucial to address uncertainties in the construction project scheduling to mitigate delays. Probabilistic simulation offers a viable alternative method. This study examined the relationship between project duration and delay risks, as well as identified the most influential activities for modest housing projects using Monte Carlo Simulation. The simulation analysis, which included 2547 iterations, found that, on average, it took 87.39 days to complete a 54-type modest house project, with the shortest and longest durations being 44 and 149 days, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that finishing works, such as painting, doors/windows installation, and cleaning, had the highest uncertainty and significantly affected the project duration. Additionally, the severity analysis showed that wall work was the most impactful activity contributing to delays. Based on these analyses, both finishing works and wall work were identified as the most critical activities significantly influencing the project's completion duration
Influence of Prefabrication on Job Satisfaction in The Construction Industry
Full text linkNew construction approaches, such as prefabrication, have been increasingly recognised as a strategy to boost productivity and support the industry’s sustainability and growth. Advancing existing understanding on the benefits of prefabrication to promote its adoption, this research aims to assess job satisfaction and work conditions of construction practitioners involved in prefabrication and assess its impacts on their job satisfaction, represented by job demands, job support, physical work environments, and job perception. Quantitative data were collected from 37 practitioners exposed to prefabrication and 30 practitioners involved in conventional construction. The findings show that prefabrication can lead to higher job satisfaction and better work conditions than conventional construction. Compared with conventional construction, practitioners working in prefabricated projects experienced improved workload distribution, better physical surroundings, and positive job perception. This research, therefore, provides new insights into the benefits of prefabrication and its potential to promote better mental wellbeing and higher productivity
Monitoring and Analysis of Coastline Changes in the Coastal Area of Bali Island, Indonesia
Full text linkErosion and accretion occuring in coastal areas are indications of changes in the coastline’s position. The beach areas in Bali have high economic value as tourist attractions; yet, the condition of the beaches in several places on the island is very concerning. Monitoring shoreline changes can be accomplished using remote sensing technology which is more efficient than the conventional methods. This paper describes the results of changes in the coastline from 2014 to 2021 with remote sensing for all coastal areas of the island of Bali surveyed in the field. This research has successfully detected changes in coastlines throughout the coastal areas of Bali Island by remote sensing method and verified by field survey. The survey results also show that remote sensing method has met the survey from previous studies specifically in Gianyar Regency and Jembrana Regency. Hence, it is applicable for further use in other areas
Measuring the Construction Risk Insurability through Fuzzy Inference System
Full text linkContractors face most of the construction risks among stakeholders, and insurance is a common method to mitigate these risks. However, not all risks are insurable. While prior studies have typically assessed risk insurability through a binary approach (insurable versus non-insurable) and lacked clear criteria, this study offers a novel perspective by evaluating the insurability of construction risks based on four criteria: ‘accidental events,’ ‘quantifiable,’ ‘numerous and homogenous,’ and ‘evaluable.’ This study develops a fuzzy-based model to assess the degree of the construction risk insurability, accounting for the uncertainty, imprecision, and vagueness inherent in evaluating insurability against a specific criterion and criteria combinations. The model is applied to assess the insurability of several construction risks, illustrating its practical application. This paper concludes by discussing the model’s limitations and suggesting directions for future research
Laboratory Study on Vallejo and Scovazzo’s Methods in Estimating the Rheology Parameters of Bentonite and Kaolinite Muds
Full text linkThe mud undrained shear strength and viscosity are the essential parameters in understanding the behavior of mudflow. One of the laboratory test methods to estimate the undrained shear strength and viscosity is Vallejo and Scovazzo’s cylinder strength meter test (CSMT) and flume channel test, respectively. This paper compares the undrained shear strength of kaolin and bentonite muds obtained from the CMST to those obtained using the fall cone and mini vane shear tests and also studies the scale effects in the flume channel test in measuring the mud viscosity at a 20o to 40o slope angles and at various liquidity indexes. The results exhibit that CMST could estimate the undrained strength of mud as low as 0.45 kN/m2 with a liquidity index of up to 5.93. Then, the reduction of the size of the flume channel by half resulted in a mud viscosity of about 2.3 times higher
Performance Optimization of Strengthened Slab-on-Pile Structure with Braced Frame
Full text linkSlab-on-pile (SOP) have been constructed widely in many highway projects in Indonesia as it is preferable in soft-soil sites. This study is aimed to determine the optimal structural configuration by adding braced frame devices to the longitudinal direction of the slab-on-pile structure. The optimization process was carried out to obtain the minimum number of pile configurations, reducing construction costs. A total of three numerical models were compared, namely SOP-A, SOP-B, and SOP-C, representing SOP with configurations of 50 piles, 35 piles, and 35 piles plus thirty braced frames, respectively. The cyclic analysis procedure and structure design were executed based on ACI 374.1 and the Indonesian standard SNI 1725:2016. The results showed that all P-M responses of the SOP-A and SOP-C structures met the cross-section capacity requirements, except for the SOP-B. The addition of braced frames in SOP-C facilitated a 38% energy dissipation improvement and caused a significant reduction of number of the spun piles
Prediction of Soil Expansivity with Direct and Indirect Method in Banten Region, Indonesia
Full text linkExpansive soils are widespread in Indonesia, particularly in Banten Province, causing extensive road damages. The study aimed to predict the soil expansivity of soil subgrade along the damaged road segments in Malingping, Cikeusik-Cibaliung, and Labuan districts. Indirect and direct expansivity predictions were employed to determine soil swelling potential. Indirect expansivity prediction was conducted based on various criteria using the Atterberg limit and grain size distribution. Direct expansivity prediction was conducted using an oedometer apparatus to measure the expansion index according to ASTM D-4829. A dynamic cone penetration test was also conducted to measure CBR values. Various indirect methods showed inconclusive results of swelling potentials, low to very high. The direct method provided more conclusive results, Expansivity Index = 100-167 and swelling values = 9%-18%, thus, categorized as expansive clay (high to very high swelling potential). CBR values were 1.49%-5% which is lower than minimum provisioned CBR (6%)
Stress Analysis of Pin Connections in Steel Box Girder with the Unibridge System using Finite Element Model
Full text linkThis study analyzes the Unibridge system, a modular steel box girder employing two pins for longitudinal connections, thereby expediting construction compared to traditional girders. A finite element model was developed to analyze the stress on these pins in a single-box girder with five segments and a reinforced concrete floor slab. Various loads were applied following the Indonesian bridge loading standard, SNI 1725:2016. The model considers operational load analysis and assumes full composite behaviour between the top flanges of the girder and the concrete floor slab. The results indicate that the Von-Mises stress on the pins reaches a maximum of 490.95 MPa under combined service loads, consistently remaining below the specified material yield stress limit of 1200 MPa. Consequently, the Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) is 0.41. As a result, the Unibridge girder connection pins do not experience plastic deformation under the applied loads