Jurnal Agroindustri
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PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS INDUSTRI YANG ADAPTIF PADA KONDISI PANDEMI COVID-19 (USAHA PELANGI FOOD KOTA BENGKULU)
Full text linkMany small enterprises especially engaged in the processing of agricultural products require a good arrangement of the layout of facilities. Pelangi Food is a small business that needs a good layout design to improve the smoothness of the production process during the pandemic. This study aims to obtain the initial layout state before the Covid pandemic at Pelangi Food, then obtain and implement a redesign of the facility layout during the pandemic using the 5S method (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke) and the Covid-19 order and provide information on the advantages of redesigning the new industrial layout using the 5S method and the Covid-19 order. The methods used to redesign the layout of facilities in this study are the 5S method and the Covid-19 order. The results showed a) The layout of the initial industrial facilities was in poor condition and could not meet the level of needs of employees and consumers, b) Better layout of proposed facilities and meeting the level of needs of employees and consumers; changes in the use of storage space that is good and neatly arranged and there is no stacking of goods / products, grouping of good production tools and neat and orderly room arrangement, the work environment becomes neat, clean, safe and comfortable so that employees are more enthusiastic at work and consumers become more comfortable in shopping, and c) Innovation is able to improve the work environment that was originally in a bad condition and has not met the expectations of employees / consumers get better and be able to meet the expectations of employees and consumers.Banyak perusahaan kecil khususnya bergerak di bidang pengolahan hasil pertanian (Agroindustri) juga membutuhkan pengaturan tata letak fasilitas yang baik. Pelangi Food merupakan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) makanan tradisional Bengkulu yang menyediakan berbagai jenis makanan khas Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keadaan layout awal sebelum masa pandemi Covid-19 di Pelangi Food, mendapatkan dan menerapkan rancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas pada masa pandemi Covid-19 menggunakan metode 5S sesuai tatanan Covid-19 di usaha kuliner Pelangi Food dan memberikan informasi mengenai keunggulan rancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas industri yang baru menggunakan metode 5S sesuai tatanan Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki tata letak fasilitas yang ada dalam bentuk perancangan ulang pada penelitian ini yaitu Metode 5S dan tatanan Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; a) Tata letak fasilitas industri awal berada dalam kondisi kurang baik dan belum bisa memenuhi tingkat kebutuhan karyawan dan konsumen, b) Tata letak fasilitas usulan yang lebih baik dan memenuhi tingkat kebutuhan karyawan dan konsumen; perubahan pemanfaatan ruang penyimpanan yang baik dan tertata rapi serta tidak terjadi penumpukkan barang/produk, pengelompokkan alat produksi yang baik dan penataan ruangan yang rapi dan teratur, lingkungan kerja menjadi rapi, bersih, aman dan nyaman sehingga karyawan lebih bersemangat dalam bekerja dan konsumen menjadi lebih nyaman dalam berbelanja, c) Inovasi mampu memperbaiki lingkungan kerja yang semula berada dalam kondisi kurang baik dan belum memenuhi harapan karyawan/ konsumen menjadi lebih baik dan bisa memenuhi harapan karyawan dan konsumen
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF CARRAGEENAN CONCENTRATION ON QUALITY OF BREADFRUIT (Artocarpus atili) AND CANNABIS (Canna edulis) WET NOODLES
Full text linkExcessive consumption of gluten can cause disturbances in the digestive system and can increase intestinal permeability. Breadfruit flour is an alternative in making wet noodles other than wheat flour which is low in gluten. Breadfruit flour which is processed into wet noodles has low adhesion and protein content.Canna flour and carrageenan were used to improve adhesion and squid ink and eggs were used to increase the protein content of breadfruit noodles. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding carrageenan with different concentrations on breadfruit noodles. The ratio of addition of carrageenan in this research was 0%,1%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. Carrageenan in breadfruit noodles causes the noodles break more easily than noodles without the addition of carrageenan. The use of eggs and squid ink on breadfruit noodles increased the protein content of noodles by ± 1.1%.The results of the proximate analysis of breadfruit noodles as a whole still do not reach the SNI standard for wet noodles
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF COCOA AGROINDUSTRY BASED ON FARMER GROUPS IN KAPANEWON PATUK GUNUNGKIDUL REGENCY DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Full text linkCocoa is one of the leading commodities in the plantation sector in Gunungkidul Regency. The purpose of this study was to describe the cocoa agroindustry development system in Kapanewon Patuk, Gunungkidul Regency, D.I Yogyakarta, precisely in Nglanggeran Village; and analyze the agro-industry development strategy based on farmer groups. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, with data collection techniques using observations, interviews and literature studies. This study begins by analyzing the characteristics of cocoa farmer groups, cocoa agroindustry in Kapanewon Patuk. Then proceed with determining the cocoa agroindustry development strategy based on farmer groups through SWOT analysis. The results showed that the cocoa agro-industry in Kapanewon Patuk has been implemented on a home-industrial and industrial scale. Cocoa farmer groups as providers of raw materials have been able to process cocoa beans (fermented) into processed raw materials such as chocolate-based foods and beverages. In addition to the role of farmer groups, local government support, DIY BPTP, LIPI BPTBA, and Bank Indonesia were able to develop cocoa agroindustry in Kapanewon Patuk. Cocoa agro-industry development strategies can develop after formulating several required subsystems, including raw material subsystems, operational subsystems (production processes), marketing subsystems, and supporting subsystems
PENGARUH KITOSAN SEBAGAI EDIBLE COATING TERHADAP MUTU FISIK DAN KIMIA JERUK RIMAU GERGA LEBONG SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Full text linkRimau Gerga Lebong oranges (Citrus nobilis Sp.) or commonly referred to as RGL are a leading commodity in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province which during storage include perishable fruit, the skin becomes speckled, dirty, and the color of the fruit is unattractive so that it can reduce the quality of RGL oranges. Therefore, it is necessary to post-harvest handling to prevent a decrease in the quality of RGL citrus fruits. Chitosan is a natural cationic polysaccharide obtained from deacetylation of chitin which is widely found in nature, one of which is from shrimp shells. Chitosan sourced from shrimp shells can be used as a coating material and suppress the respiration process of fruit, namely in the form of edible coating. Edible coating is a thin layer that sticks directly to food, which aims to inhibit fruit respiration during storage so that fruit quality can be maintained. This study aims to determine the best concentration of shrimp shell chitosan as an edible coating in maintaining the quality of RGL oranges by observing the physical and chemical quality of RGL oranges during storage. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely the concentration of shrimp shell chitosan (0%; 1%; 2%; 3%;) (w/v) with 3 repetitions to obtain 12 experimental units. Observations of RGL oranges were carried out on the 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of storage. The results showed that the use of shrimp shell chitosan as an edible coating had an effect on the physical quality and chemical quality of RGL oranges during storage. The higher the concentration of chitosan, it can inhibit the reduction in weight loss, maintain color, inhibit softness, moisture content, pH value, total acid, vitamin C, and Total Dissolved Solids (TPT). The best concentration of shrimp shell chitosan as edible coating was obtained in 2% chitosan, until the 20th day it was obtained weight loss of 16.33%, brownish yellow color, texture 15.51%, water content 60.66%, pH value 4.25, total acid 0.58%, vitamins C 27.28 Mg/100g, and TPT 11.13%.Jeruk Rimau Gerga Lebong (Citrus nobilis Sp.) atau biasa disebut RGL merupakan komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu yang selama penyimpanannya termasuk buah yang mudah busuk, kulit menjadi berbintik, kotor, dan warna buah yang tidak menarik sehingga dapat menurunkan mutu jeruk RGL. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya penanganan pasca panen untuk mencegah terjadinya penurunan mutu buah jeruk RGL. Kitosan merupakan polisakarida kationik alami yang diperoleh dari deasetilasi kitin yang banyak terdapat di alam, salah satunya dari kulit udang. Kitosan yang bersumber dari kulit udang dapat menjadi bahan pelapis dan menekan proses respirasi buah, yaitu berupa edible coating. Edible coating merupakan lapisan tipis yang menempel langsung pada makanan, yang bertujuan menghambat respirasi buah selama penyimpanan sehingga mutu buah dapat dipertahankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi terbaik kitosan kulit udang sebagai edible coating dalam mempertahankan mutu jeruk RGL dengan mengamati mutu fisik dan mutu kimia jeruk RGL selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial, yaitu konsentrasi kitosan kulit udang (0%; 1%; 2%; 3%;) (w/v) dengan dilakukan 3 kali pengulangan sehingga didapatkan 12 unit percobaan. Pengamatan jeruk RGL dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kitosan kulit udang sebagai edible coating memberikan pengaruh terhadap mutu fisik dan mutu kimia jeruk RGL selama penyimpanan. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi kitosan maka dapat menghambat berkurangnya susut bobot, mempertahankan warna, menghambat kelunakan, kadar air, nilai pH, total asam, vitamin C, dan Total Padatan Terlarut (TPT). Konsentrasi terbaik kitosan kulit udang sebagai edible coating didapat pada kitosan dengan konsentrasi 2%, hingga hari ke-20 didapat susut bobot 16.33%, warna kuning kecoklatan, tekstur 15.51%, kadar air 60.66%, nilai pH 4.25, total asam 0.58%, vitamin C 27.28 Mg/100g, dan TPT 11.13%
OPERATOR WORKLOAD ANALYSIS ON TRAILER OPERATION USING TWO WHEEL TRACTOR WITH CAGE WHEEL IN PALM OIL SOIL
Full text linkThe operation of the pivot trailer on flat land is more ergonomic than conventional trailers, but on sloping land it has never been tested. The operation of the two-wheeled tractor carried out by the operator on uneven land has problems with the steering handlebar which goes up and down following the movement of the tractor body, thus affecting the increase in workload. To reduce the excessive workload, it is necessary to design a trailer that can be controlled easily. The purpose of this study was to analyze ergonomics, especially the operator's workload when operating a pivot trailer and conventional trailer on a two-wheel tractor using cage wheels. The trailer is towed on a tractor with treatment on sloping land and flat land with several turns, and data collection of the operator's workload uses the heart rate method. The results showed that the operation of the pivot trailer for sloping land (0°, 10°, and 30°) respectively showed IRHR values of 1.13, 1.15, and 1.46 or work levels of "Light", "Light”, and “Medium”. When using a conventional trailer, the IRHR values are 1.12, 1.12, and 1.39 or work levels of “Light”, “Light” and “Medium”. The average energy consumption rate for operating a pivot type trailer is 2.80 kcal/hour.kg-bb (kilocalories per hour per operator weight), while using a conventional trailer is 2.75 kcal/hour.kg-bb. The level of operator workload is also influenced by skills in driving
The Effects of Solvent Ratio and Extraction Time on Physicochemical Characteristics of Stevia Leaf Liquid Extract Using Microwave Assisted Extraction Method
No full textStevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the natural sweeteners which contains low calories and can be used as a substitute for sugar. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of solid-solvent ratio and extraction time on the physicochemical characteristics of stevia leaf liquid extract using microwave-assisted extraction. The observed characteristics were yield of extraction, total soluble solids content, specific gravity, and color. The method used in this research was a laboratory experiment with descriptive analysis using 3 different extraction times, which were 4, 5 and 6 minutes. The solid-solvent ratio used in this study was 3 levels, which were 1:30; 1:35 and 1:40 (g/ml). The result of this study indicated that extraction variations with a solid-solvent ratio of 1:30 (gml) and extraction time of 6 minutes produced the best total soluble solid contents 2oBrix and the highest specific gravity namely 1.0068, meanwhile, extraction variations with the solid-solvent ratio of 1:40 (g/ml) and extraction time of 4 minutes produced the best yield of extraction 87.95%.Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the natural sweeteners which contains low calorie and can be used as a substitute for sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of solvent ratio and extraction time to the physicochemical characteristics of stevia leaf liquid extract using microwave assisted extraction methods. The observed characteristics were yield of extraction, total soluble solids content, specific gravity and color. The method used in this research was a laboratory experiment with descriptive analysis using 3 different extraction time, which is 4, 5 and 6 minutes. The solvent ratio used in this study were 3 levels, which is 1:30; 1:35 and 1:40 (w/v). The result of this study indicated that extraction variations with material:solvent ratio of 1:30 (w/v) and extraction time of 6 minutes produced the best total soluble solid contents with a value of 2oBrix, meanwhile extraction variations with material:solvent ratio of 1:40 (w/v) and extraction time of 4 minutes produced the best yield of extraction with a value of 87.95%
RIBBED SMOKE SHEET (RSS) PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL USING STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL (SQC) AT PT. XYZ
Full text linkOne of the industries that process latex and lumps into sheets with quality RSS 1, RSS 2, and cutting is PT. XYZ is located in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. In the production process, PT. XYZ produces more RSS 2 and cutting products compared to its main product, namely RSS 1. This is due to various factors that result in a decrease in product quality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality control of RSS by using statistical quality control (SQC). The tools used are check sheets, Pareto diagrams, P control charts, and cause and effect diagrams. Based on the research that has been done, it is found that a lot of data are outside the control limits of UCL and LCL, which are caused by the initial acceptance of raw materials and the smoking process that is not up to standard. Improvements that need to be made by PT. XYZ is by maintaining the cleanliness of raw materials and placing operators to research on the RSS processing process
THE EFFECT OF CARRAGEENAN AND LEMON RATIO ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF JELLY BUTTERFLY PEA
Full text linkPlant-derived pigments are becoming increasingly important globally as a potential source of biocolours for their versatility and avoiding the health hazards caused by synthetic colours. The use of additives such as preservatives, artificial flavours, and artificial coloring can cause allergic reactions in consumers, and chemical compounds can build up in the body. Previous studies on food colors have focused primarily on synthetic and chemical colors, their stability, metabolism and toxicity, but recent attention has been directed to the biochemical aspects of plant-derived food colors and studies of their utilization. One of the plants that can be used as a dye was the Telang flower. Telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) was a flower that has the potential to be an alternative natural food coloring agent in an effort to minimize the use of synthetic dyes and has antioxidant compounds that are beneficial to the body. This study aims to determine the amount of use of butterfly pea flower extract, to analyze the effect of different treatments with the addition of carrageenan and lemon on antioxidant activity and physical properties (viscosity and color). Jelly drink from butterfly pea flower extract in this study used a factorial completely randomized design (RALF) with three levels each. The first factor is carrageenan (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%) and the second factor is lemon concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results of this study indicate that the difference in the use of the addition of carrageenan: lemon has a significant effect on antioxidant activity, viscosity, and color of jelly drink with telang flower juice. It can be concluded that the higher the concentration of carrageenan and lemon, the higher the antioxidant activity and viscosity produced, and the use of lemon and carrageenan can affect the physical properties of the Jelly drink product with butterfly pea flower juice
PENENTUAN TINGKAT KESEGARAN DAGING AYAM MENGGUNAKAN LABEL PINTAR BERBASIS EKSTRAK ANTOSIANIN UBI JALAR UNGU
Full text linkDaging ayam merupakan bahan pangan yang bersifat mudah rusak dan memiliki umur simpan yang pendek. Dewasa ini, telah muncul kemasan pintar (Smart packaging) yang dilengkapi label pintar. Label pintar berbasis ekstrak antosianin ubi jalar ungu dirasa dapat menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk digunakan sebagai penentu tingkat kesegaran daging ayam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan prototype label pintar ekstrak antosianin ubi jalar ungu dan mengetahui kelayakannya dalam penentuan tingkat kesegaran daging ayam. Esktrak ubi jalar ungu diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol 96% yang diasamkan HCl 1%. Hasil ekstrak antosianin memiliki pH sebesar 5.58 ± 0.013 dan nilai kadar antosianin sebesar 62.79 ± 0.558 mg/100 g. Label pintar menunjukkan tingkat kesegaran daging ayam dengan adanya perubahan warna, dimana warna ungu muda menandakan daging ayam segar, warna ungu pudar menandakan bahwa daging ayam masih segar, dan label pintar warna ungu kebiru-biruan menandakan daging ayam pada kondisi tidak segar. Hasil kelayakan label pintar pada stabilitas pH mengalami perubahan warna baik pada suasana asam dan suasana basa, tetapi lebih stabil pada suasana asam.Daging ayam merupakan bahan pangan yang bersifat mudah rusak dan memiliki umur simpan yang pendek. Dewasa ini, telah muncul kemasan pintar (Smart packaging) yang dilengkapi label pintar. Label pintar berbasis ekstrak antosianin ubi jalar ungu dirasa dapat menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk digunakan sebagai penentu tingkat kesegaran daging ayam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan prototype label pintar ekstrak antosianin ubi jalar ungu dan mengetahui kelayakannya dalam penentuan tingkat kesegaran daging ayam. Esktrak ubi jalar ungu diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol 96% yang diasamkan HCl 1%. Hasil ekstrak antosianin memiliki pH sebesar 5.58 ± 0.013 dan nilai kadar antosianin sebesar 62.79 ± 0.558 mg/100 g. Label pintar menunjukkan tingkat kesegaran daging ayam dengan adanya perubahan warna, dimana warna ungu muda menandakan daging ayam segar, warna ungu pudar menandakan bahwa daging ayam masih segar, dan label pintar warna ungu kebiru-biruan menandakan daging ayam pada kondisi tidak segar. Hasil kelayakan label pintar pada stabilitas pH mengalami perubahan warna baik pada suasana asam dan suasana basa, tetapi lebih stabil pada suasana asam