Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea
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Using alternative buffer for DNA genomic isolation in forest trees
Full text linkDNA optimization procedures can be carried out on the type of buffer used during extraction or physical handling techniques in separating genomic DNA from other compounds. The research using Three types of buffer: 1. CTAB, 2. Detergents containing Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS) surfactants and Three Detergents containing Sodium Laureth Sulphate (SLS) surfactants. This study aims to obtain an optimal DNA isolation method to produce genomic DNA of good quality and sufficient quantity so that it can be used for genetic diversity analysis in forest trees and to determine the optimal alternative buffer for CTAB to facilitate DNA isolation in remote areas, which generally hard to get CTAB. The parameters measured in this study were the presence of DNA and DNA concentration. The results showed that DNA isolation of 12 species of forest trees was successfully carried out using CTAB buffer and Detergent containing ABS surfactants by visualizing the genomic DNA bands from the results of the electrophoresis and Nanodrop spectrophotometer meanwhile Detergent containing SLS surfactants buffer was not successful in DNA isolation. The highest DNA quantity (DNA concentration) was found in 19 samples using CTAB buffer and the detergent containing ABS surfactants buffer with a concentration of 1403,8 - 3412,7 ng/μl. The conclusion of this study was CTAB buffer and the Detergent containing ABS surfactants can also be used as an alternative to a simple buffer for DNA isolation experiments
Evaluation of planting design for cajuput development (Melaleuca cajuputi Powel) in KPH Bojonegoro
Full text linkDevelopment of cajuput plantation currently becomes the most important activity in KPH Bojonegoro since it provides an essential contribution to maintain the future viability of company. However,the growth performance of cajuput stand relatively varies one of which is influenced by planting design. This study aims to determine the optimum planting design for supporting cajuput stand development. It was conducted by evaluating two different planting designs that generally used for cajuput establishment, namely C1 (spacing 3 m x 1 m) and C2 (spacing 5 m x 1.5 m x 1.5 m). Five parameters were used to evaluate the growth performance and oil production of cajuput stand for each planting design, i.e., survival rate, quadratic mean diameter, basal area, harvesting biomass, and cajuput oil production. Data were collected by field measurementusing a sampling plot 50 m x 50 m with six replications for each planting design. Comparisonmean of cajuput growth performance between two planting designs were analyzed separately for each parameterusing t-test. Results documented there were not a significant different for all parameters, except survival rate. The planting design C2 generated higher survival rate (94.9%) than planting design C1 (64.7%).The planting design C2 was recommended for cajuput development in KPH Bojonegoro. Besides requiring the lower planting density, the use of planting design C2 can optimize land utility with a similar productivity to planting design C1
Vegetation diversity and stand carbon stocks in Wana Wisata Tampora, Situbondo, East Java
Full text linkForest degradation and industrial development have a negative impact on the global climate. Forest vegetation plays a role in absorbing CO2 emissions in the air. The aims of this research are to determine vegetation community structure, plant diversity indices, and estimation of stands carbon stocks in Wana Wisata Tampora, Situbondo district, East Java. The research was conducted using the transect method and measured the diversity indices including Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H\u27), richness index (R), and evenness index (E), while the carbon stock was estimated using an allometric equation. The results showed that the diversity index value at the ground cover layer was considered high (3.18), while saplings and trees were moderate (2.68 and 2.60). The results of the stands carbon stocks estimation have shown an average value of 145.94 tonnes/ha. Plant species with high Important Value Index (IVI) and carbon contributor including Schleichera oleosa (83.97 and 56.49 ton/ha), Lannea coromandelica (58.88 and 32.35 ton/ha), Tectona grandis (24.72 and 8.5 ton/ha), Azadirachta indica (20.72 and 8.27 ton/ha), and Acacia nilotica (9.40 and 8.39). The results of the research will be useful for local governments as the basis for the development of Wana Wisata Tampora and the management of flora biodiversit
Nilai ekonomi dan analisis kebijakan perburuan dan perdagangan satwa liar di Kabupaten Manokwari
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi satwa liar, teknik perburuan dan pola perdagangan, serta menganalisis kebijakan satwa liar yang diperdagangkan selama Mei–Agustus 2012 di Kabupaten Manokwari. Nilai ekonomi satwa liar dihitung menggunakan pendekatan harga pasar dan dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Terdapat lima kelas satwa liar yang diperdagangkan, yaitu: kakatua koki (Cacatua galerita), nuri bayan (Eclectus roratus), kasturi kepala hitam (Lorius lory), perkici pelangi (Trichoglossus haematodus), nuri kelam (Pseudeos fuscata), nuri cokelat (Chalcopsitta duivenbodei), cenderawasih kecil (Paradisaea minor), jalak (Sturnus contra) dan merpati (Columba sp.). Kelas Mamalia, yaitu rusa (Cervus timorensis), kuskus bertotol (Spilocuscus maculatus), babi hutan (Sus sp.) dan tikus tanah (Echymipera sp.).Kelas Reptilia, yaitu: kura-kura leher panjang (Chelodina spp.),penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata), belut (Synbranchus marmoratus) dantelur kura-kura/penyu. Kelas Moluska, yaitu kerang kepah (Polymesoda sp.), siput mata bulan (Turbo sparverius) dan triton terompet (Charonia tritonis), dan Kelas Krustasea, yaitu kepiting bakau besar (Scylla sp.) dan udang (Triops cancriformis). Nilai Total Ekonomi perdagangan satwa liar adalah Rp91.925.378/tahun. Teknik perburuan meliputi menembak, menjerat, menangkap anak satwa liar, memungut, memancing dan menyelam. Perdagangan dilakukan secara langsung (Penjualan ke pasar lokal oleh penangkap) dan tidak langsung (Penjualan ke pasar lokal melalui penadah). Aktivitas perburuan dan perdagangan satwa liar didorong oleh faktor ekonomi dan nilai jual satwa liar yang cukup tinggi, serta lemahnya penegakkan hukum. Sosialiasi yang komprehensif kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat dan skema kehutanan seperti perhutanan sosial dalam bentuk ekowisata dapat diterapkan pada daerah-daerah yang merupakan habitat satwa burung. Perdagangan dapat didukung dengan implementasi kuota dan penangkara
Karakteristik ekstrak tanin kulit kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese)
Full text linkPerekat merupakan salah satu komponen utama yang diperlukan dalam industri pengolahan kayu komposit. Perekat sintetis, yang umumnya digunakan pada pembuatan kayu komposit, mengandung emisi formaldehida yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan dan kesehatanmanusia. Oleh karena itu,diperlukan alternatif jenis perekat lain untuk mengurangi penggunaanperekat sintetis. Tanin merupakan senyawa polifenol berasal dari tumbuhan yang berpotensi dijadikan sebagai perekat alami. Tanin dalam jumlah besar banyak ditemukan pada kulit kayu, khususnya pada kulit kayu Pinus merkusii. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh datakarakteristik fisik dan kimia pada ekstrak tanin kulit Pinus merkusii. Tanin diperoleh melalui metode ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut air panas.Sifat fisikyang diamatiantara lain warna, kadar padatan,dan viskositas. Sifat kimia yang diamati berupa pH, analisis FTIR(Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy), dan analisis GCMS(Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). Ekstrak tanin cair yang diperoleh berwarna cokelat terang, memiliki kadar padatan 0,3% dan viskositas 2,65 centipoise. Ekstrak tanin Pinus merkusiimemiliki pH asam yaitu 4,23. Setelah dilakukan analisis gugus fungsi melalui uji FTIR, maka gugus fungsi yang terkandung dalam ekstrak kulit pinus adalah gugus hidroksil, gugus karbonil, gugus CH alkana, cincin aromatik, aldehida,dan gugus eter. Hasil analisis GCMS menunjukkanbahwa beberapa senyawa fenolik terkandung dalam ekstrak tanin kulit pinus dengan konsentrasi sebesar 7,75%. Oleh karena adanya gugus fenolik, maka tanin dapat bereaksi terhadap formaldehida sehingga dapat berpolimerisasi kondensasi menjadi bahan perekat kayu
Study of drugs potential of fern collections at Purwodadi Botanic Gardens
Full text linkFerns (Pteridophyta) is the oldest group of plants on earth that has more than 11.000 species. Ethnobotany and pharmacological studies have revealed that ferns contain potentially secondary metabolites as medicine. Purwodadi Botanic Gardens (Purwodadi BG) has fern collections that have not revealed information about drug potential. This research was conducted to inventory Purwodadi BG’s fern collections which have potential as medicine and to determine their conservation status. Inventory of fern collections is carried out by collecting data from the Registration Unit and observing directly in the field, while information about drug potential is obtained by literature review. A total of 31 species of 171 specimens of PurwodadiBG’s fern collections are known to be efficacious for treating various diseases, both traditional medicine, and research results. As many as 6 species of fern collections that have medicinal potential are included in IUCN Red List and categorized as least concern/LC and critically endangered/CR. The potential for medicinal plants of fern collections include anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer properties. This potential information is expected to increase the value of the fern’s function and their conservation efforts
Factors causing the death of Kabesak (Acacia leucophloea Roxb. Willd.) seedlings in the monsoon tropical forest of Timor Island
Full text linkRegeneration of kabesak (Acacia leucophloea) in the primary forest of the Timor Island regenerationis dominated by tree stands than seedlings and saplings. Seedling and sapling supplies are very important for regulating or maintaining plant populations and their adaptation to environmental changes. This study aims to determine the effect of shades, herbivores, and seedlings height on the survival and growth of Kabesak seedlings in natural forests in Timor Island. The research was conducted in dry season, from July to December 2020. The stages in this study were determining the research location and selecting kabesak seedlings that grew in nature, marking and measuring of height of the selected kabesak seedlings. Data collection was done eight times with interval of three weeks including number of dead seedling and number of leaves for live seedlings. The results showed that the presence of shade can reduce the effects of drought, thereby increasing the survival of seedlings in the natural habitat of deciduous tropical forests. Apart from shading factors, seedling height during the dry season also affect the survival of kabesak seedlings, where there was no dead seedling with 15 cm or more height. The herbivores in this study were not found to be the main cause of death for seedlings. To ensure the survival of kabesak seedlings in their natural habitats, it is necessary to avoid kabesak seedlings < 15 cm from the effects of long-term drought, as well as from herbivores and fires
Carbon-stock estimation in three types of coal post-mining reclamation at East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan
Full text linkThe success of a reclamation process could be evaluated by calculating the carbon stocks in the area. Carbon stock is an ecosystem service that can be assessed quantitatively. The reclamation process in the coal post-mining area in East Kalimantan needs to be assessed by comparing it to the reference area. The aim of this study was to determine the value of carbon stock in the three types of coal post-mining reclamation areas (Type A: without shade trees, Type B: with one species shade trees, Type C: with more than one species of shade trees), then compared to the natural forest area used as the reference site. The research was carried out by making plots inside the reference site and in the reclamation areas, at the tree, poles, and sapling stages. The results were analyzed descriptively and statistically for each reclamation type refer to the conservation area. The results showed that reclamation type C, with older year plant, had higher carbon stock compared to Type B, or Type A, ie. 51.9 t C/ha, 37.8 t C/ha, and 2.9 t C/ha respectively. However, the carbon stock in the three types of reclamation area is still much lower, than the conservation area which reaches 296.8 t C/ha. Thus, the older and more diverse species planted in a reclamation area plant, the higher carbon stock saved. Moreover, planting shade trees can also help increase the value of carbon stocks in a reclamation area
Earthworm Diversity and Biomass in Different Fallow System in The Kelimutu National Park Areas
Full text linkEarthworms have a role as bioindicators so that their existence is very sensitive to changes in the environment. The decreasing of land quality caused by continuous use (horticultural agriculture) will also decrease the diversity of earthworms. To anticipate degradation of land quality, the land needs to be rested (bero) so that it will facilitate natural recovery. Indicators of land restoration include the diversity and importance index of earthworms. Therefore, the research aim wasto determine the diversity of earthworm in the fallow system lands at KelimutuNational Parkareas. The monolith random sampling method at three soil depths was applied to several fields with different fallow periods (5, 10, 15 and 20 years) to measure importance value index, diversity index, evenness, density, and earthworm biomass. The results showed that there were 4 types of earthworms found in the land given, namely Pontoscolex, Megascolex, Lumbricus and Perithima. Pontoscolex dominates which is indicated by the highest importance value index. While the diversity of earthworms washigher in fallow land with a duration period of 5 and 20 years. The duration of the fallow period is also shown to affect populations of earthworms but has no effect on its biomass. For soil depths not seen no effect at each depth. The results of this study further strengthen the evidence that the application of the bero period can improve land quality by increasing the earthworm population so that land productivity can be maintained
Isolation and Potency of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Bacteria from Nodules of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes for Supporting Nickle Postmining Area Reclamation
Full text linkNickel mine is one of the contributors foreign to exchange earners in Indonesia. However, the former mining area creates a complex problem in the physical, chemical, and biological soil properties which directly affect the ability of plant growth for restoration. The planting of legume species, one of them is sengon laut (Falcataria moluccana), in the reclamation of ex-mining land aims to improve soil properties. Legume plants have low C/N ratio so the introduction of nitrogen-fixing soil microorganisms is one alternative that can be used to improvesoil fertility. Nitrogen fixing bacteria can provide nitrogen compounds that can be directly utilized by plants. In addition, the utilization of fast-growing species such as sengon laut is suitable for rehabilitation of critical lands. This study aims to isolate and characterize symbiotic nitrogen fixation bacteria so it can be made as inoculum and applied on revegetation in nickel postmining area. Five bacterial isolates were obtained from nodules of sengon laut belonging to genus Rhizobium(3 isolates) and Bradyrhizobium(2 isolates). All isolates obtained were rod-shaped, Gram negative and did not have endospores. Physiological tests showed that all isolates were aerobic, motile, grew optimally on YEMA media at pH 6 and 7, but did not grow at pH 4. Initial potential testof Acetylen Reduction Assay and IAA test showed that A3.1 SL 5 isolate has the highest value (9.01 ppm and 0.447 ppm) and potential to be inoculum