Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Selection and Identification of Potential Hydrolytic Bacillus from Litter Composting
Full text linkMicrobe study on degraded trash has been widely conducted, with the intention of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of waste processing. The purpose of this study was to select and identify hydrolytic Bacillus from litter composting. The samples were the litter composting outcomes with five different treatments, namely the inclusion of nutrient broth (NB), commercial formula, molasses, tryptic soy broth (TSB), and talcum, with each formula containing a microbial consortium. Bacteria were isolated using the serial dilution method. Each isolate was evaluated for its capacity to lyse red blood cells on blood agar media. Cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic bacteria were grown on nutritional agar media containing carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC), starch, and skim milk. The antagonistic test involved testing isolates that hydrolyze all three types of substrates. Isolates that were not antagonistic to one another were identified based on phenotypes (colony and cell morphology using Gram staining) and genotypes (16S rRNA gene). Fourteen isolates of Bacillus sp. had cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic properties. Four isolates were chosen; two of them were comparable to Bacillus stercoris, while the other two, 5.5 and 5.9R, are similar to Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Therefore, litter can be used to determine the hydrolytic capability of Bacillus isolates.
Keywords: amylolytic, Bacillus, cellulolytic, proteolyti
Community Structure and Carbon Stock of Mangrove Sediments in Sembilang National Park Area
Full text linkIncreased greenhouse gas emissions have led to climate change. Indonesia plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 140 million tons of CO₂-equivalent (CO₂e) by 2030. One strategy for achieving this goal is to conserve mangrove habitats. However, unsustainable activities continue to jeopardize the survival of these mangroves. The purpose of this study was to investigate the community structure and sediment carbon content of mangrove ecosystems in Sembilang National Park. Data was obtained at three stations using 100-m transects extending inland from the seashore or riverbank. The sediment carbon analysis was carried out utilizing the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Excoecaria agallocha had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) at the Sungai Barong station, followed by Rhizophora apiculata in the Sungai Sanjang and Birik stations. The mangrove ecosystems at the study sites were characterized as moderately dense. The investigation revealed that the carbon store in mangrove sediments was 1294.14 t/ha, with an average of 431.38 t/ha. Mangrove ecosystems must be managed and protected to ensure that they continue to provide ecological and economic advantages.
Keywords: carbon stock, climate change, mangrov
Ethnoecologist and Land Management of Durian Plants under The Agroforestry System
Full text linkEthnoecology is a science that studies the relationship between humans and the environment. This relationship is related to the use of natural resources around them to continue life using local wisdom, namely the agroforestry system. Ecologically, economically, and socially, the agroforestry system planting patterns can help reduce soil fertility degradation due to human activities that exceed the carrying capacity of the land. The aim of the research was to determine land management and manifestations of land management for durian plants that implement the agroforestry system. The research used qualitative methods with techniques namely collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Data collection used snowball sampling techniques with an unlimited number of respondents. The results explain that (1) land management, tillage, fertilization, crop rotation, and fallow periods on durian plantations have not been managed optimally, resulting in the production of durian plants not being optimal; (2) the manifestation of land management is divided into two, namely traditional and semi-traditional agroforestry systems and these two systems have differences in land management, namely organic and non-organic.
Keywords: agroforestry systems, durian, ethnoecology, land managemen
Determinants of Household Food Wasting Behavior: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior
Full text linkEvery year, up to 1.3 trillion tons of global food produced for human use are lost or wasted. Consumer behavior is a major cause of food waste. In Indonesia, households generate approximately 38% of total food waste. The goal of this study is to evaluate at how attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to reduce food waste affect food waste behavior in households. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to conduct the survey, which included 160 independent oil palm farmer homes. The collected data was then examined using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with the AMOS 24 program. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the TPB model in forecasting household food waste behavior. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and goal to reduce food waste are the factors that influence household food waste behaviors. The study\u27s findings show that perceived behavioral control is the most important predictor of food waste behavior. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that attitudes and subjective norms can predict the intention to reduce household food waste. Meanwhile, the desire to eliminate food waste appears to be a strong predictor of one\u27s attitude on the amount of food waste produced.
Keywords: food waste, household behavior, SEM-AMOS, theory of planned behavio
Diversification Strategy for Sugar Palm Products in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province
Full text linkThe sugar palm is one of the most important commodities in the Rejang Lebong Regency. Sugar palms have not been widely processed into value-added products because the community solely produces brown sugar. The goal of this study is to identify potential challenges and propose product diversification strategies that will boost the value added and sustainability of sugar palm firms in the Rejang Lebong Regency. This study was carried out in the Rejang Lebong Regency during August to October 2023. Data were gathered through observations, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. A fishbone diagram was used to identify potential and map product diversification challenges, while palm product diversification plans were developed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) matrix. The research results indicated that the diversification of sugar palm products is hindered by limited human resources in using technological innovations, restricted use of agricultural machinery, insufficient business partnerships, and local government programs that are not yet integrated into the development of product diversification. The strategy for sugar palm product diversification can be implemented by developing market alliances and improving processing technologies for MSMEs, with government program assistance and access to funding. This technique is expected to improve the quality and pricing of sugar palm products at the farmer level.
Keywords: added value, aren palm, Arenga pinnata Merr, diversification strateg
Enhancing Survival Rate and Growth of Kopyor Coconut Plantlet Acclimatization Using Biostimulants
Full text linkIn vitro embryo cultivation is the principal method for reproducing the kopyor coconut, an indigenous Indonesian species. Acclimatization is a critical step in this approach. The purpose of this study was to improve the survival and development rate of kopyor coconut seedlings grown in vitro during the acclimatization phase by using biological, organic, and mixed organic-biological biostimulants. This study employed a completely randomized block design that comprised the inclusion of biological, organic, and mixed biological-organic biostimulants, with no biostimulant as a control. The biological stimulant employed in this study was arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), while the organic biostimulant was seaweed extract. Each treatment had 50 plantlets in triplicate. The results demonstrated that the treatment of biological and organic biostimulants increased plantlet survival rates during acclimatization, beginning 2 months after application and remaining consistent for 4 months. The biological stimulant application produced the highest plantlet survival rate (>94%). Based on how quickly the plantlets transitioned to the next stage, it was discovered that after 2-months incubation, most of the plantlets had already transferred to the second phase of acclimatization (opened tunnel). After 4-months incubation, the biological stimulant treatment produced the most plantlets at the later stage. However, throughout the 4-month acclimation period, more plantlets were transported from the pre-nursery to the main nursery, particularly with the use of organic biostimulants (56-64%).
Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plantlet, survival rate, seawee
Cell Dimension and Proportion of Acacia aulacocarpa Wood in Axial and Radial Directions from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Full text linkThe information related anatomical characteristics (cell dimension and proportion) of Acacia aulacocarpa is still limited also for its axial and radial variations. This research aimed to analyze variation of the anatomical characteristics in axial and radial direction. Three trees of 27-year-old A. aulacocarpa planted in Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta were used. This research covered a completely randomized design with two factors, the axial direction (base, middle, and top of the trunk) and the radial direction (near pith, between pith and bark, and near bark) in triplicate. A two-way analysis of variants was used. The measured parameters were fiber dimensions (length, diameter, lumen diameter, and wall thickness) and cell proportions (fiber, vessel, ray parenchyma, and axial parenchyma). The results showed that average value of fiber dimensions was as follow: fiber length 0.94 mm; fiber diameter 17.43 µm; lumen diameter 11.75 µm; and fiber wall thickness 2.84 µm. The average value of cell proportions was 52.48% of fibers cell proportion; 17.5% of wood vessel proportion; 15.69% of axial parenchyma proportion; and 16.68% of ray’s parenchyma proportion. The axial position factor does not affect the proportion and dimensions of the fiber. However, the radial position factor affects the proportion of fiber cells, the proportion of wood vessels, the proportion of axial parenchyma, fiber length, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness. Fiber length, fiber lumen diameter, cell wall thickness increased from near the pith to the middle and then remained relatively constant toward the bark. Based on these results, it is suspected that the middle and near the bark are mature wood.
Keywords: Acacia aulacocarpa, cell dimension, cell proportion, radial direction, axial directio
Application of Cover Type and Rootstock Height to the Success of Mango Grafting
Full text linkThe availability of high-quality mango seedlings is a major challenge in improving fruit yield and quality, which can be addressed through vegetative propagation techniques, such as grafting that combines rootstocks with strong root systems and scions from superior varieties. This study aimed to determine the effects of the interaction between cover type and rootstock height on mango grafting success. This study was conducted from July to September 2022. A split-plot design was employed, with the main factor being the cover type (single and mass cover) and the sub-factor being the rootstock height (50 cm and 30 cm). The measured parameters included the time for bud emergence, percentage of bud emergence, number of leaves, and grafting success, with data analyzed using ANOVA and LSD tests at a 5% significance level. The results showed that mass cover significantly influenced grafting success, with an average time of bud emergence of 12.40 days, percentage of bud emergence of 100%, average number of leaf average of 6.90, and grafting success rate of 100%. Conversely, the rootstock height did not significantly affect these parameters. Mass cover has been proven to create an optimal microenvironment for plant growth by maintaining humidity and temperature and protecting plants against extreme environmental conditions. In contrast, grafting incompatibility was detected in certain rootstock height treatments, potentially affecting the nutrient flow and graft quality. In conclusion, mass cover had a dominant effect on grafting success, whereas rootstock height had no significant impact. No interaction was found between cover type and rootstock height in mango grafting.
Keywords: cover type, rootstock height, graftin
Physicochemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Cookies Made from Mocaf and Purple Sweet Potato Flour with The Addition of Robusta Coffee Powder
Full text linkProximate analysis was conducted on cookies with different formulations of mocaf, purple sweet potato flour, and robusta coffee powder. This study aimed to analyze the proximate composition of cookies containing mocaf, purple sweet potato flour, and robusta coffee powder. A completely randomized design with five different treatments was used. The results showed that the moisture content ranged from 5.42% to 6.43%, with A5 (25% mocaf + 50% purple sweet potato flour + 5% robusta coffee powder) having the highest moisture level, exceeding the SNI standard (≤5%). The ash content ranged from 0.96% to 1.47%, meeting the SNI standard (≤1.5%). The highest fat content was found in A5 (35.03%) and A4 (50% mocaf + 50% purple sweet potato flour + 5% robusta coffee powder, 33.44%), which exceeded the SNI standard (≤9%). The highest protein content was also found in A5 (4.42%) but remained below the SNI standard (≥5%). The highest carbohydrate content was found in A1 (60.88%), whereas A5 had the lowest (52.79%). The highest crude fiber content was obtained for A5 (7.32%). The study concluded that increasing the proportion of purple sweet potato flour increased moisture, ash, fat, protein, and crude fiber content but decreased carbohydrate levels. In contrast, a higher proportion of mocaf increased carbohydrate content but reduced crude fiber levels.
Keywords: proximate analysis, robusta coffee powder, cookies, mocaf, purple sweet potato flou
Policy Priorities for Disseminating Biopesticide in Chili Farmers
Full text linkControlling pests and diseases of chili plants still relies on synthetic chemical pesticides, which have negative effects on agroecosystems. Biopesticides can be used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The use of biopesticides in Indonesia is still low, and popularization efforts are required. The government plays a role in determining policies that encourage the popularization of biopesticides. This study aimed to determine policy priorities for the popularization of biopesticides for chili farmers. Policy priorities are determined using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, which allows the identification of priority criteria and priority sub-criteria. The current policy on crop protection is insufficient to encourage the popularization of biopesticides. Low commercialization and government programs that are not yet massive are indications of the low use of biopesticides. The AHP results showed that the criteria for knowledge about biopesticides are policies that must be prioritized, where the sub-criteria of the level of intensity and quality of extension are the top priorities. The effectiveness and efficiency policy criteria need to prioritize the effectiveness of sub-criteria in controlling pests and diseases over the efficiency of use, preservation of natural enemies, and product quality, while the ease of obtaining products is the main factor in prioritizing the availability and affordability criteria.
Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, AHP, biopesticide, farmers, IPM, polic