Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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The Impact of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Concentration on the Properties of Super Red Dragon (Hylocereus costaricensis) Fruit Jam
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to assess the physical, chemical, and sensory features of super red dragon fruit jam using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor and six treatments in triplicates. The treatment was CMC concentration (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%). Physical factors (viscosity and spreadability), chemical properties (total soluble solids, pH, and moisture content), and sensory properties (hedonic texture test) were all evaluated, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Treatments with a significant effect (p < 0.05) were further tested using the Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test for physical and chemical characteristics, and the Tukey test for sensory characteristics (p < 0.05). CMC concentration significantly impacted (p < 0.05) viscosity, spreadability, total dissolved solids, pH, moisture content, and hedonic texture test findings. The 0.3% CMC treatment had the highest sensory score (3.48), viscosity (63.60 Pa·s), spreadability (21.37 cm), and chemical properties (total soluble solids 65.20 °Brix, pH 3.44, moisture content 31.57%). The total soluble solids and pH values in the 0.3% CMC treatment of super red dragon fruit jam met the SNI 3746-2008 requirements. This study suggests ways to increase the economic value of super red dragon fruit through jam processing, potentially reducing farmer losses and expanding the usage of CMC with other fruit varieties to diversify fruit jam products.
Keywords: carboxymethyl cellulose, Fruit jam, red dragon frui
Model-Based Approach for Clustering Regencies/Cities in The Land of Papua Based on Food Security Indicators
Full text linkThe demand for food continues to increase as population growth concerns the Indonesian government, as stated in the second goal of the Sustainable Development Goals, namely zero hunger. The National Food Agency (BPN) uses the Food Security Index (IKP) to monitor food security conditions in Indonesia\u27s district/city and provincial levels. Based on the BPN data, most districts/cities in The Land of Papua (so called Irian Province before the year 2000) are food insecure. However, the IKP has a weakness in the subjectivity of determining weights so that it can disguise the failure of a program or exaggerate a success. The model-based clustering (MBC) method can measure the food security of districts/cities in this area based on food security indicators. However, the data conditions are generally not multivariate distributed, and there are many outliers, so this study used MBC with multivariate t distribution because it is more robust. The best model was obtained with two clusters based on the largest Bayesian Information Criterion value. Cluster 1, located in the mountains and islands such as Nduga, Intan Jaya, Mamberamo Tengah, Puncak, and Lanny Jaya, had low food security, low indicator achievements with high poverty characteristics, many households with a portion of household expenditure on the food of more than 65%, low access to electricity and clean water, low life expectancy and average years of schooling for women, and the percentage of stunted toddlers. Meanwhile, Cluster 2, areas with high food security, had the opposite condition.
Keywords: food security, model-based clustering, multivariate t distribution, Land of Papu
Diversity of Oil Palm Seedlings Jambi Accessions Exhibits Physiology Responses Differently During a Waterlogged
Full text linkCultivated oil palm is commonly found in several ecosystems with different topographies, including riparian areas. This ecosystem is expected to affect the morphology and physiology of oil palms. In addition, oil palm habitats in riparian or flooded ecosystems will experience anaerobic respiration. Indonesia has the potential to access quality palm oil that can be used for cultivation. This study aimed to determine which oil palm accessions could adapt physiologically to the duration of waterlogging. The accession of oil palm seedlings from Jambi tested were Merangin, Tebo, Muara Jambi, Tanjung Jabung, and Simalungun. The research design was to treat waterlogging in a greenhouse and then analyze the plant growth and physiology. Waterlogging was given for two, four, and six weeks. The results showed that the accession of oil palm seedlings and the duration of waterlogging affected photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Growth parameters, i.e., fresh weight, dry weight, and root/shoot ratio, were significantly different in accession and waterlogging duration. In conclusion, accessions from Tebo and Merangin can adapt to waterlogging.
Keywords: Merangin accession, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, Tebo accessio
Land Suitability for Pepper in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Full text linkPepper is one of the local commodities developed in Indonesia and has become an export commodity. Improving the productivity of pepper can be done through sustainable land management based on the characteristics of soils and their potential. Therefore, land suitability evaluation is needed to maximize land potential and minimize inhibiting factors for pepper plant growth. This study evaluated the characteristics, potential, and distribution of suitable land for pepper plant development in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Land suitability was evaluated by matching land characteristics with land suitability criteria for pepper plants. This criterion consists of four classes, namely highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N). The soil\u27s climate and physical and chemical properties were the land characteristics data used. Potential land availability was arranged based on land suitability classes by considering existing land use and forest area status. Soil types in Tanggamus Regency are Inceptisols, Entisols, Alfisols, Andisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols, with the most extensive distribution of soil types being Oxisol (Typic Hapludox). The distribution of relief in Tanggamus Regency is dominated by mountainous areas with very steep slopes (slope >40%). Land suitability classes are moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N) with limiting factors, namely drainage, texture, soil pH, and erosion hazard/slope. Improvement can be made by planting according to contours, planting cover crops, applying lime and organic matter, and ensuring balanced fertilization. The development of pepper plants in Tanggamus Regency can be achieved through diversification and extensification, with a total area of potential land that can be developed of 73,995 ha.
Keywords: land potential, land evaluation, limiting factor, pepper, soil characteristic
Produksi Tanaman Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Akibat Aplikasi Mikoriza dan Pupuk Rock Phosphat pada Cekaman Salin
Full text linkOkra (Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench) has a fairly high nutritional content; every 10 gr of young okra fruit contains 33 calories, 7 gs of carbohydrates, 3.2 gs of fiber, and 81 mg calcium. Okra fruit contains a lot of mucilage due to its high fiber content. This study aimed to determine the effect of rock phosphate doses and types of mycorrhizae and the interaction between these two factors on the growth and yield of okra in saline soil. The research results showed that the dose of mycorrhiza had a very significant effect on the growth and yield of okra plants. The best dose of mycorrhiza was 10 g/plant, and the best type was Acauluspora. It showed that a dose of 10 g/plant with the Acauluspora type on okra yields on Ultiisol soil had given the best results in the vegetative phase, which could be seen in plant height parameters 15 and 30 ADP. The dose of rock phosphate is 150 g, which can be seen in the 300 g planting parameter and in almost all the observed variables. Hyphae in the soil can spread widely, which helps absorb more water. The best yields of okra plants were found by applying a mycorrhizal dose of 10 g on fruit weight variables of plants\u27 mycorrhizal colonization on vase vegetative roots and mycorrhizal colonization on plant roots in the generative phase.
Keywords: biological agents, fertilizer, mycorrhiza, rock phosphat
Pengaruh Bokashi Limbah Kulit Kopi pada Bibit Pepaya (Caraca Papaya L.) Calina
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of coffee peel bokashi in the planting medium on the growth of papaya plant seedlings (Carica papaya L.) cv Calina. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Screenhouse on Jalan Perjuangan, Cirebon City, at an altitude of 5 m above sea level. The research was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. The experimental method used with a completely randomized design. The treatment consisted of 4 proportions of bokashi in the planting media, each of which was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 polybags. The total papaya plant seeds used were 240 seeds. The treatments studied were: K0 = top soil, K1 = 250 g bokashi + 1 kg soil, K2 = 500 g bokashi + 1 kg soil, and K3 = 750 g bokashi + 1 kg soil. The results showed that the proportion of coffee peel waste bokashi significantly affected the growth of papaya plants. Using 500 g coffee skin waste bokashi in 1 kg of soil had the best effect on plant height, stem diameter, plant growth rate, number of leaves, root volume, root length, root ratio, and net assimilation rate.
Keywords: coffee peel, bokashi, papay
Synthesis of Cu2O, Cu2O/Charcoal, and Cu2O/Activated Charcoal Composites as Antibacterial Agents
Full text linkThe excessive use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections can lead to bacterial resistance, necessitating other antibacterial agents as alternatives. This research combined charcoal and activated charcoal with metal oxide, namely copper oxide (Cu2O), which has antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, thus producing an antibacterial composite for water treatment processes. Furthermore, this study also examined the effect of different types of sugar as reducing agents on the produced Cu2O and identified the antibacterial activity of Cu2O and its composites. Synthesis of Cu2O through the Tollens-like reaction method using Cu(NO3)2 as a precursor, then adding NaOH, NH4OH, and sugar. The sugars were sucrose, white sugar, and brown sugar. The type of sugar used as a reducing agent affected the size and morphology of the Cu2O produced. Adding Cu2O to charcoal and activated charcoal increased antibacterial properties to charcoal and activated charcoal. Copper oxide, Cu2O/charcoal, and Cu2O/activated charcoal exhibited high antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), as of 5.69 ± 0.02 mm and 6.23 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, due to their thinner cell walls compared to Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The Cu2O synthesized using white sugar as the reducing agent showed the best antibacterial activity, with an 8.26 ± 0.19 mm inhibition zone.
Keywords: activated charcoal, antibacterial, charcoal, copper oxide, suga
The Efektivitas Jet Aerator dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Penyamakan Kulit
No full textFinished leather, a primary material for making shoes, bags, and wallets, is processed through tanning to remove veins and feathers. Liquid waste contains a high demand for chemical oxygen (COD), chloride, chromium, and sulfide that can affect river water quality if not treated further. This research was conducted at PT X in Malang City, where liquid waste treatment using an aerator is considered less effective. The tool used in this study is a jet aerator to increase the spread of oxygen in the aeration process. The study aimed to assess changes in the characteristics of tanning liquid waste (pH, temperature, total suspended solids/TSS), and COD) and the effectiveness of using jet aerators in aeration methods in tanning liquid waste treatment. Aeration is carried out for three days. The treatment carried out is aerator + 15 L (A15), jet aerator + 15 L (JA15), and jet aerator + 20 L (JA20). The data were analyzed using Factorial Complete Randomized Design followed by the Smallest Significant Difference test. pH and temperature have met quality standards, while TSS and COD have not. The results showed that the jet aerator +15 L (JA15) decreased maximum tanning liquid waste characteristics on day 1. In contrast, aerator +15 L (A15) and jet aerator +20 L (JA20) decreased maximum waste characteristics on day 2. The jet aerator+15 L (JA15) treatment provides the highest effectiveness value compared to other treatments. COD decreased 49.2%, and TSS decreased 49.7%.
Keywords: jet aerator, leather tanning liquid wast
Imunitas dan Produktivitas Puyuh Periode Bertelur dengan Pemberian Tepung Daun Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) dalam Pakan
Full text linkSenduduk leaf flour (Melastoma malabatricum L.) is a processed product from weed plants that can potentially be a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human and livestock health. This research aims to examine the immunity and productivity of quail during the egg-laying period by administering senduduk leaf flour. This study used 120 female quail aged 40 weeks, which were kept for 4 weeks. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design. The treatment of providing senduduk leaf flour in feed consisted of four treatment levels, namely P0 (without flour), P1 (feed + 1.5% flour), P2 (feed + 3% flour), and P3 (feed + 4.5% flour). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and descriptive analysis. The results showed that adding senduduk leaf meal can reduce egg yolk cholesterol and increase quail immunity. Adding senduduk leaf meal at a 3% level produced the best immunity and performance, with a feed conversion value of 2.81. The 4.5% addition of senduduk leaf flour produced the lowest cholesterol level in quail egg yolk.
Keywords: egg quality, immunity, performance, quail, senduduk lea
Respons Agronomi dan Fisiologi Genotipe Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Budi Daya Berkelanjutan
Full text linkEfforts to maintain rice production in the future face many challenges, including the availability of increasingly narrow land, attacks by plant pest organisms, and declining land fertility due to improper cultivation systems. More than 70% of rice fields are in a disturbed ecological status due to cultivation technology that could be more environmentally friendly, which can interfere with the sustainability of rice self-sufficiency. An environmentally friendly rice cultivation system needs to be developed. This study aims to measure the agronomic and physiological responses of 3 rice genotypes in sustainable cultivation systems. The experiment used a Group Random Design on 3 rice genotypes (black, red, and white) in both conventional and sustainable cultivation systems. The research was carried out in the experimental garden of Polinela Organic Farm, Lampung State Polytechnic, from September 2020 to September 2021. The results showed that the plant, leaf greenery, number of tillers, number of panicles, grain weight per panicle, and biomass weight were not significantly different between conventional and sustainable cultivation. At the same time, the harvest and production indices per hectare were significantly different. The physiological responses to the photosynthesis and transpiration rates differed markedly in conventional and continuous cultivation. In contrast, the conductance of stomata did not differ significantly in both cultivation systems. The red rice genotype is the best, and it has a broader adaptation to conventional and sustainable cultivation systems.
Keywords: agronomy, conventional sysem, physiology, rice genotype, sustainable syste