Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Ekstraksi Bunga Kecombrang dan Rosela dengan Metode MAE serta Aplikasinya pada Produk Permen Jelly
Full text linkResearch in recent years has shown the antioxidant activities of kecombrang and roselle flowers, as well as the antibacterial properties of kecombrang, so these materials have potentials to be developed as a functional food product. With an easy manufacturing process and basic ingredients that are easy to obtain, jelly candy is one of the preparations that can be applied to kecombrang and roselle flower extracts. This research aims 1) to determine the effect of variations in microwave-assisted extraction time and power on the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting extract and 2) to determine the effect of variations in the ratio of kecombrang and roselle flower extracts as ingredients for jelly candy products on the physical, chemicall, and sensory characteristics of the product. Research on the extraction of kecombrang and roselle flower powder used a randomized block design (RBD). Treatment consisted of two factors: 1) extraction power (150, 200, and 250 watts); 2) extraction time (3, 5, and 7 minutes). The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program. The analysis results showed that the best extraction of kecombrang and roselle flowers were at 250 watts of power and 5 minutes of extraction time. The best extraction results are then processed into jelly candy with the best sensory results in the 15%:25% sample. This jelly candy product contains reduced sugar levels of 12.41%, vitamin C levels of 23.58 mg/100g, total phenol levels of 47.58 mg/100g, total flavonoid levels of 18.80 mg/100g, and antioxidant activity amounting to 28.24 mg/100g.
Keywords: extraction, jelly candy, kecombrang, MAE, rosell
Spirulina sebagai Pengganti Artemia untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Larva Ikan Patin Pangasius hypophthalmus
Full text linkThe provision of quality and sufficient shrimp fry for production is largely determined by the management of maintenance during larval stadia. This study aims to obtain the best treatment of natural feed in the form of Spirulina sp. and Artemia sp. as feed supplements to improve the growth performance and survival rate of patin fish larvae. The experiment used a Complete Randomized Design consisting of 4 feed treatments and 3 replicates: A (Artemia sp. 100%), B (Artemia sp. 100% and Spirulina sp. 100%), C (Artemia sp. 50% and Spirulina sp. 50%), and D (Spirulina sp. 100%). The larvae with a density of 50 heads/L were kept in the aquarium and fed according to the treatment. The density of Spirulina sp. administered was 104–105 cells/mL maintained until day 7 according to the treatment. The parameters measured included growth performance, which included specific growth rate (SGR), survival (SR), absolute length growth (PPM), and analysis of larval digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and protease). The data were analyzed using one way-analysis of variance and continued with Duncan\u27s Multiple Range Test with a 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 22.0. The results showed that the administration of Spirulina sp. produced better SGR, SR, PPM, amylase enzyme, lipase, and protease activities compared to the control (100% administration of Artemia sp.). The best treatment was given by 100% Spirulina sp. treatment.
Keywords: Artemia sp., digestive enzymes, patin fish larvae, Spirulina sp
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus
Full text linkHaemonchosis is an infection caused by the Haemonchus contortus worm, a blood-sucking gastrointestinal parasite that can also infect humans. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves have been shown to have anthelmintic activity due to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves against H. contortus. The infective H. contortus larvae were divided into six treatment groups: a 0.5% ethanol extract concentration group, a 1% ethanol extract concentration group, a 2% ethanol extract concentration group, a 4% ethanol extract concentration group, a positive control group (+), and a negative control group (-), each with four replicates. The study was conducted in six hours, with observations made at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours. The results showed that the death of the larvae increased with higher ethanol extract concentrations and longer exposure to the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves. The time of death for infective H. contortus larvae given the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves was at the 4th hour, and the effective dose of the ethanol extract as an anthelmintic was at the concentration of 0.5%.
Keywords: Anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus, Orthosiphon aristatu
Pengaruh Jenis Kemasan pada Perubahan Kualitas Salak Pondoh Banjarnegara dalam Bentuk Tandan Selama Transportasi dan Penyimpanan
Full text linkSalak (Salacca edulis Reinw.) in bunch form can be attractive to consumers because its own unique shape. The use of primary and secondary packaging can maintain fruit quality. This study aims to evaluate quality change of salak in bunches including physical damage, mechanical damage, physiological and microbiological damage. Salak bunches were stored for 22 days, with observations every 3 days to analyze fruit damage, TSS, weight loss, and fruit hardness. The study used a single-factor completely randomized design, involving 3 treatments: wooden crates (K1), cardboard without net foam (K2), and cardboard with net foam (K3). Data were analyzed descriptively, analysis of variance, and DMRT at the 5% level. Primary packaging was effective in reducing mechanical damage to fruit after 13 hours of transportation, with mechanical damage reaching 0 (zero) due to net foam. The type of packaging used had a significant effect on quality change of salak during storage, namely physical, physiological and microbiological damage, weight loss, hardness, and TSS. Cardboard packaging with net foam was the best treatment, showing low physiological and microbiological damage until the 16th day of storage, which amounted to 4.05, as well as a low rate of change in quality for 22 days.
Keywords: Salak bunches, storage, packaging, fruit quality, transportatio
Pertumbuhan Ipomoea reptans Poir. dengan Aplikasi The Kompos Serat Bromelain Terinduksi Trichoderma sp. dan Aspergillus sp.
Full text linkBromelain fiber is the product of extracting the enzyme bromelain from pineapple hulls or peels. Bromelain fiber contains lignocellulose, which, when fully decomposed, is very beneficial for the environment, but it is quite challenging to degrade naturally. Hence, it requires a decomposer agent. The decomposer agents used in this study were cellulolytic fungi Aspergillus sp. (Bioggp 3) and ligninolytic Trichoderma sp. (Bioggp 2). This study aims to determine the effect of compost tea (CT) bromelain fiber induced by these fungi and obtain the best dose of the CT on the growth of land kale (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). This research was conducted in April–July 2022 at the Microbiology Laboratory of FMIPA Unila. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 4 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (ACT 25%), P2 (NACT 25%), P3 (ACT 50%), P4 (NACT 50%), P5 (ACT 75%), P5 (NACT 75%). The parameters measured were plant height and number of leaves. The data were analyzed using ANOVA α = 5% followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a 5% confidence interval. This study showed that the results with the highest height value and number of leaves were found in P3 (ACT 50%) while the lowest was in P0 (water control). It can be concluded that the ACT and NACT significantly affect the height and number of leaves, and the best dose was found in ACT 50% starting from day 10, 15 , 20, and 25 after planting.
Keywords: Aspergillus sp., bromelain fiber, compost tea, Ipomoea reptans Poir, Trichoderma sp
Pengaruh Bulai pada Perubahan Indeks Kadar Klorofil, Serapan Fosforus dan Boron pada Jagung Manis
Full text linkMaize production and quality are affected by infection with plant pathogens. One of the maize\u27s essential and main diseases is downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora spp. Downy mildew is a limiting factor in increasing production and can reduce production by 80-100%. It is because the affected plant cannot produce cobs. Pathogens obtain nutrients from the host cell, which can kill the cell and damage the surrounding tissues, resulting in visible downy mildew symptoms. Boron (B) plays a role in forming phloem, increasing the fruit\u27s number, weight, bunch weight, and diameter. The primary function of B at the molecular level is the cross-linking of pectin in the plant cell wall. Ramnogalacturonan II (RG II) is a pectic polysaccharide that contributes to the mechanical strength and properties of the primary wall cross-linked by borate diesters. Phosphorus (P) controls the downsides in the greenhouse and field conditions. This study aims to measure changes in chlorophyll index, P and B uptakes in downy mildew affected plants. The field experiment used a group randomized design with six natural phosphate (FA) application treatments and four groups of borax doses as replicates. The results showed that the downy mildew decreased the chlorophyll index of the leaves at different levels of attack. The results of P concentration according to the position of healthy plant leaves were significantly different due to P treatment. In contrast to concentration B, there is no real difference. P and B uptake results in downy mildew-infested plants showed a significant difference only in P uptake in leaves with 1 FA treatment.
Keywords: boron, downy mildew, maize, phosphat
Macrozoobenthos as a Bioindicator of Pollution in the Malaka Strait Waters, Indonesia
Full text linkMacrozoobentos are known as organisms that are sensitive to environmental changes, so they are widely used as biological indicators of a water. This study aims to determine the types of macrozoobenthos, the level of diversity, uniformity, and dominance of macrozoobenthos, including the family biotic index (FBI) to detect water quality in Dumai City. The method used was a survey with stations determined through the purposive sampling. Macrozoobenthos samples were collected using a line transect with a square transect and a core sampler. A total of 381 macrozoobentos individuals found in the waters of Dumai City consisted of 6 species from the Gastropods class (Nerita articulata, Chicoreus capucinus, Littorina scabra, Ellobium aurisjudae, Cerithidae quoyii, and Pugilina cochlidium); Bivalvia class: 1 family and 1 species (Polymesoda bengalensis). The highest macrozoobenthos density was found at Station 3 (125 ind/m2) and the lowest at station 1 (21 ind/m2). The Shannon-Wienner diversity index ranged between 1.17 and 1.52. The diversity index at all stations was relatively low, the macrozoobenthos uniformity index was high (0.654697-to 0.783512), and the dominance index was relatively low (0.234078-to 0.43574). The Shannon-Wienner Index and the dominance index are also relatively low. Further testing using the FBI showed differences in water quality: Station 1 was adequate, Station 2 was poor, while Station 3 was somewhat poor. Monitoring macrozoobenthos diversity can be helpful in detecting changes or disturbances in ecosystems.
Keywords: bioindicator, diversity, Family Biotik Index, macrozoobentho
Losses in Each Stage of Rice Harvest and Postharvest
Full text linkIndonesia ranks second in the world for high food loss and waste levels, totaling 300 kg per capita per year. Most of these losses occur during harvesting and post-harvest stages before the produce reaches the consumer. This research aimed to determine the correlation between these stages and production loss. The research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative method in Sungai Besar Village, Ketapang Regency, from November 2022 to February 2023. The respondents in this study were 89 farmers in the village. The results showed that each stage, including the harvesting and post-harvest stages, was correlated to yield loss. The yield loss at each stage varied greatly and is affected by several factors, including harvest age, harvesting methods, tools, rice varieties, threshing mechanisms, threshing delays, drying duration, drying medium size, grain cleaning, raw grain materials, maturity level, and milling machines. The percentage of yield loss ranges from 2 to 4.46% (in the harvesting and threshing stages), 0.52 to 1.55% (in the drying stage), and 1 to 2,5% (in the milling stage).
Keywords: rice, food loss, harvester, post-harves
Management of Cocoa Plant Pests & Diseases in East Luwu Regency
Full text linkEast Luwu Regency is one of South Sulawesi\u27s regencies with potential in the plantation sector, especially cocoa plants, with a production of 12,250 tons/year. Cocoa productivity has yet to be achieved optimally due to the lack of care and maintenance carried out by farmers, which increases the intensity of pest & disease attacks. This study evaluates farmers\u27 knowledge, attitudes, and actions in managing cocoa plants and plant pathogens in East Luwu Regency. This study was conducted through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire sent to 50 farmers in Burau and Wotu Districts, East Luwu Regency. Respondents were selected purposively, considering that they were easy to find and the location of the plantation was easy to reach. Data are presented in tabular, graphical, and descriptive forms in Microsoft Excel to explain the relationship between farmers\u27 knowledge, attitudes, and actions in managing cocoa VSD disease. The results showed that most of the respondent were active farmer groups. Pests & diseases are problems farmers face in cocoa cultivation. Most farmers used the MCC 02 clone, and the planting distance was 3´3 m. The diseases most commonly found in farmers\u27 cocoa fields include VSD, fruit rot, upas fungus, and stem cancer. Pest & disease control was done through chemical pesticides and pruning (cultivation techniques). Cocoa farmers in Burau and Wotu Districts routinely carry out pruning to control disease in cocoa fields. Farmers prune cocoa plants to remove diseased branches and stimulate the growth of flowers and fruit.
Keywords: action, attitude, knowledge, questionnair
Estimated Shallot Yield Area Using the Rapid Classification of Croplands Method
Full text linkShallots are one of the horticultural commodities that have fluctuating prices. Market integration occurs horizontally but not vertically due to poor information systems at the producer and consumer levels. This study aimed to estimate the area of shallot land quickly using the rapid classification of croplands method. The research was conducted in Merek District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. Primary data obtained from survey activities were processed using the Google Earth Engine platform. Classification and regression trees (CART) and random forest (RF) algorithms were used to classify land cover as onion and non-onion classes. The shallot land area based on this method was 74.4 hectares, with an area accuracy of 95% (RF) and 24% (CART) and a location accuracy of 92% (CART and RF). The rapid classification of croplands method can estimate land area quickly. It helps stakeholders who need information on shallot production projections and can be developed to improve the vertical market integration information system (market integration between producers and consumers). Some areas for improvement of this method are limited access and resolution, inability to describe up to the level of garden bunds, and the condition of the area covered by clouds, which will affect the accuracy of the results.
Keywords: shallots, production estimation, google earth engine, remote sensin