Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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The Effect of Humic Acid on Shallots Growth and Yield In Brebes
Full text linkThe effectiveness of humic acid application in increasing shallot yields for farmers must be studied, particularly in terms of quality and quantity. It is also consistent with the relatively high consumption and public demand for shallots year after year. The purpose of this study was to examine how humic acid spraying affects shallot growth and production. Humic acid was applied in two stages: fertilizer coating and foliar spray, with varying treatment dosages. Field testing was conducted in two trials. The initial test revealed that the treatment plants grew faster than the control plants, potentially increasing yields by 7−15%. The validation test (second test) with three treatments yielded the same results: treatment plants outgrew the control specimen, increasing yields by 20−25%. Based on these findings, the use of humic acid may be an alternative for enhancing the agricultural industry, particularly in shallots.
Keywords: coating, fertilization effectiveness, foliar spra
Characteristics of Wild Edible Mushroom Knowledge of Mushroom Foragers in Indonesia
Full text linkEdible wild mushrooms (EWM) are food sources which have high nutritional value. Although they are not the main choice of daily foods in Indonesia, various local communities and mushroom foragers have been consuming EWM for decades, yet without proper documentation. This study aimed to preserve the knowledge of EWM consumption to increase the popularity and public awareness of EWM as alternative food in Indonesia. Data was collected via a structural survey to 50 mushroom hobbyists with range of 18-50 years old and representing several ethnic groups in Indonesia: Javanese, Malay, Sundanese, Banten, and Bugis. Most of the respondents have consumed EWM for more than 5 years, with a frequency of consuming more than once per month, and the knowledge of foraging was obtained from their families. The edible mushrooms were collected mostly after every January and usually consumed by themselves. The location for mushroom seeking and species of EWM mostly were the forests around residence area and Termitomyces spp. (local names: ‘jamur barat’, ‘jamur bulan’, ‘jamur rayap’, ‘jamur trucuk’, ‘jamur sempagi’, respectively). The taste of mushroom was the main reason for forage activity among the hobbyists. They generally consumed all parts of basidiomata and preferred the soft texture of fruiting body. The soup dish was the most preferred by foragers, in contrast to fried cooking type. Most of them distinguish EWM from poisonous mushrooms by observing certain structures basidiomata, however, cases of wild mushroom poisoning have occurred among foragers with low occurrence of frequency.
Keywords: Indonesia; edible wild mushrooms; characteristics; mushroom forager
Repellent and Metamorphosis Capability of Alphitobius diaperinus Exposed to Gamal Leaf Extracts
Full text linkAlphitobius diaperinus is an insect pest that is difficult to control in conventional chicken farms. In high populations, this insect can damage the infrastructure of the coop, disrupt chicken feeding activities, and is a known vector of pathogens. Currently, the control of A. diaperinus still relies on synthetic insecticides that have been proven to be resistant to target pests, toxic to non-target organisms, and pollute the environment. This study aimed to analyze the potential of gamal (Gliricidia sepium) leaf extract as a bioinsecticide in terms of repellency response and its effect on the metamorphosis of A. diaperinus. The repellency response was measured through a preference test using a Y-olfactometer at 6 concentration levels, whereas metamorphosis ability was tested at 6 sub-lethal concentrations. Each treatment was performed in 5 replications. The repellency response was descriptively analyzed based on the repellency percentage (PP) and preference index (IP) values. The metamorphosis ability test results were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The results showed that all treatments had PP values > 80% with negative IP. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in the extract concentrations between the treatment groups (asymp. sig < 0.05). A higher extract concentration caused a decrease in the number of larvae that successfully became imagoes. In conclusion, A. diaperinus showed a high repellency response to gamal leaf extract, and the gamal leaf extract had a strong repellent effect. The extract concentration also affected the metamorphosis of A. diaperinus larvae.
Keywords: Alphitobius diaperinus, bioinsecticide, Gliricidia sepium, Metamorphosis, Repellency respons
Mineral and Vitamin B Contents of Sapudi and Merino-cross Meat
Full text linkLamb is important in providing balanced and healthy nutrition as a source of protein, fat, and essential micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B complex. The mineral and vitamin content of meat from local breeds needs to be evaluated as a portrait of the genetic quality data of sheep and as a reference for developing sheep that produce healthy and high-quality meat. This study aimed to analyze the mineral and vitamin B contents of Sapudi sheep and Merino cross sheep meat from the longissimus dorsi area to invent genetic quality data for the meat of these two sheep. Three Sapudi and three Merino cross sheep were kept under similar conditions for two months. Meat collection from the longissimus dorsi muscle was carried out to analyze vitamin B and mineral content. A t-test was then performed to determine meat quality. The results showed that the mineral content of Mn and Cu in Sapudi sheep meat was lower than that in Merino cross meat. The vitamin B2 content in Sapudi sheep (0.11 mg/100 g) is lower than that of Merino cross (0.20 mg/100 g). In comparison, the vitamin B3 content of Sapudi sheep meat was higher (0.51 mg/100 g) than Cross-merino (0.40 mg/100 g). This research concludes that breeding influences nutrient content, and Merino crossbreed sheep are superior to Sapudi sheep in terms of vitamin B and mineral content.
Keywords: genetic resource, Indonesian local lamb, meat quality, mineral, vitami
Pod Hardness, Porosity, and Seed Viability Levels of Several Peanut Varieties
Full text linkThe peanut pod shell is composed of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. It has pore channels that can give the seeds direct contact with the environment, resulting in the seeds quickly deteriorating due to temperature fluctuations. This research aims to determine the porosity of the pod shell of several peanut varieties, its relationship with the level of shell hardness, and its effect on seed deterioration that is indicated by seed viability. The research was designed using a randomized block factor design, with the first factor being the type of variety, consisting of Kidang, Hyphoma 3, Landak, Talam 1, Tasia 1, and Takar 1. The second factor was the length of storage, consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, in quadruplicates, and the hardness of the pods was measured using a digital grain hardness tester meter. Porosity (P) was determined using the volume method. Viability testing includes germination viability (GV), germination rate (GR), and germination rate index (GRI). Pod hardness had a low correlation (r = 0.43) with pod thickness and had no effect on shell porosity level; however, pod porosity level had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.75) with pod shell thickness. Pod shell porosity, GR, and GRI have an influence on seed germination following the regression equation GR = 145-1.85P - 0.41VG+29.93GRI with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.50, meaning that these variables only have a contribution of 50% and other factors influence the other 50%. The shell thickness affects the level of seed germination. The Tasia and Landak varieties with a shell thickness of >0.75 mm produced lower porosity levels and had the least deterioration seed than the other four varieties.
Keywords: germination viability, peanuts, pod hardness, porosit
The Diversity and Ecological Roles of Visitor Insects on Ganoderma sp. Fruiting Body
Full text linkPathogenic fungi\u27s fruiting bodies may interact with other creatures such as insects. The purpose of this study was to better understand and identify the diversity of insect visits to Ganoderma sp. fruiting bodies, as well as their ecological responsibilities. From August to October 2022, this study was carried out at the Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Arboretum. Ganoderma sp. fruiting bodies were examined at three separate times: morning, afternoon, and evening. Insect visitor diversity was measured with diversity indices (H\u27), evenness (E\u27), and similarity (S\u27). A one-way ANOVA was used to investigate the effect of fruiting body category and observation period on insect abundance on fruiting bodies. The research findings revealed that the community of insect visitors to Ganoderma sp. fruiting bodies comprised 5 orders, 14 families, and 24 morphospecies. The dominant insect families were Schizopteridae and Meinertellidae, with dominant roles as predators (2 species), decomposers (2 species), and mycophages (4 species). Fruiting body categories influenced the families Scolytidae, Coccinelloidea, and Schizopteridae, but not Formicidae. The observation times indicated significant differences in the abundance of Scolytidae and Schizopteridae. Insects potentially serving as vectors carrying Ganoderma sp. fungal spores include Scolytidae, Coccinelloidea, Staphylinidae, Drosophilidae, Formicidae, and Schizopteridae. Information on visiting insects, especially those that potentially carry Ganoderma spp. spores, is crucial for understanding the spread of these fungal spores. This information can also aid in designing more effective control measures, including management of insect vectors.
Keywords: community, insect activities, insects’ role, pathoge
Response of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) to the Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Full text linkArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are fungi that create symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhance nutrient absorption, and aid in root growth initiation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how porang plants (Amorphophallus muelleri) respond to AMF delivery at various doses. The study utilized a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments: MKK0 (control), MKK1 (15 g AMF/10 kg soil), MKK2 (25 g AMF/10 kg soil), MKK3 (35 g AMF/10 kg soil), and MKK4 (45 g AMF/10 kg soil). The characteristics measured were plant height, plant dry weight, and tuber weight. The results revealed that the MKK1 treatment produced the optimum response to the plant height of 40.75 cm, dry weight of 6.3 g, and tuber weight of 26.5 g. AMF at a dose of 15 g significantly boosted the growth and expansion of porang tubers. Due to the soil\u27s low nutrient availability, excessive AMF doses did not produce desirable outcomes. Thus, administering the appropriate dose of AMF can promote proper porang development.
Keywords: Amorphophallus muelleri, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, optimal dosag
Cultural Values Transformation of Momosad in the Management of Wetland Rice Fields in the Buffer Zoneof Bolaang-MongondowNational Park
Full text linkMomosad is a gotong royong activity in which a group of farmers work together to maintain their land. Currently, Momosad is transitioning from a labor-based to a wage-based Momosad (commercial). The research aims are (1) to uncover Momosad\u27s cultural values, which are still relevant today, (2) to describe the elements that influence changes in the values in land management, and (3) to examine patterns of changes in the values. This study employed a qualitative technique using the Miles and Huberman Model, involving interviews, observations, and documentation. Data was processed using the triangulation rule. The results suggest that there are three types of Momosad agricultural production activities in Dumoga. (1) Pure-Momosad has family values; (2) Semi-Momosad values unity and dependence. (3) Non-Momosad (commercial) values include agreement and dependency. There are three variables that influence Momosad\u27s change: (1) pre-colonial, (2) colonial, (3) development, and (4) regional autonomy. Cultural contact, development period, and regional autonomy all have a significant impact on the pattern of change in the value. The pattern of change began with cultural contact between transmigration and local residents, evolved into the power to form villages during Momosad construction, and the autonomy of the region became a political commodity used to rally the masses.
Keywords: cultural values, Momosad, transformation
Characteristics and Insecticidal Potential of Ecoenzymes Derived from Vegetable Waste and Various Sugars
Full text linkVegetable waste is the second largest category of household organic waste, following grains. Its underutilization at the household level is an environmental concern, but it also has potential as a raw material for ecoenzyme synthesis. Ecoenzymes created by fermentation may be used as environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. However, only a few research have investigated the effect of various sugar types on the insecticidal efficiency of ecoenzymes generated from vegetable waste. The goal of this study was to create ecoenzymes from vegetable waste and assess their insecticidal properties. Ecoenzymes were prepared using a 3:1:10 ratio of vegetable waste, sugar, and water. The vegetable waste comprised of cabbage, lemongrass, and red onion peels, while the sugars were molasses, brown sugar, and granulated sugar, resulting in nine different compositions. Fermentation lasted three months. Each 10% ecoenzyme solution was tested for insecticidal activity against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae in their second instar stage. All ecoenzyme formulations exhibited physical characteristics associated with successful fermentation, such as an acidic pH (3.1−3.6), dark brown coloration, and a strong sour fragrance. Bioassays revealed that ecoenzymes had insecticidal effects through larval mortality and feeding inhibition. The mixture with lemongrass and molasses had the highest mortality (66.67%) and strongest antifeedant effect. Variations in waste type and sugar supply have a substantial impact on ecoenzyme performance. The findings demonstrate that vegetable waste may be effectively transformed into ecoenzymes with insecticidal characteristics, indicating their potential for application in sustainable pest management.
Keywords: Crocidolomia pavonana, organic waste, plant-based pesticide, sustainable agricultur
Identification of Vibrio spp. Causing Vibriosis on Litopenaeus vannamei in the Kaur Traditional Ponds
Full text link Kaur Regency is a high-potential vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture area in Bengkulu Province that frequently experiences high mortality rates due to vibriosis caused by pathogenic Vibrio spp. The high shrimp mortality rates resulting in decreased production or crop failure due to attacks or infections of vibriosis disease. Data on these Vibrio spp. in traditional Kaur ponds is required for illness prevention. To identify pathogenic Vibrio spp., this study included purposeful sampling and testing, as well as data analysis. Seven Gram-negative isolates (OALF 1, 2, 3, and 5 from shrimp organs; WALF 7, 8, and 10 from pond water) produced green/yellow colonies on TCBSA medium. Biochemical tests (Gram KOH 3%, catalase, oxidase, fermentation (O/F), TSIA, MIO, lysine decarboxylase, gelatin, Simon citrate, methyl red, urease, glucose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, and sorbitol) revealed that OALF isolates from vannamei shrimp organs have morphological and physiological similarities to the pathogenic species Vibrio parahaemolyticus, whereas WALF isolates from pond water are similar to the pathogenic species V. pluvialis. The study identified Vibrio spp. as the cause of vibriosis in L. vannamei in traditional Kaur ponds, emphasizing the need for improved water and feed management, as well as proper pond environmental practices, potentially including probiotics derived from healthy local shrimp digestive bacteria, to reduce losses in vaname aquaculture in Kaur Regency, Bengkulu.
Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, pathogen, traditional ponds, Vibrio, vibriosi