Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Not a member yet
955 research outputs found
Sort by
The Characteristics of Local Dark Brown Waxy Sorghum Rice from Lamongan Due to the Different Polishing Frequency and Soaking Conditions
Full text linkDark brown local glutinous sorghum has the potential to replace white rice because it has higher carbohydrate and dietary fiber contents and lower total sugar content. Sorghum has the disadvantages of hard seeds and astringency, which can be reduced by polishing and soaking. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the polishing frequency and soaking condition on sorghum seed with 2 research variables: (1) the polishing frequency [once and twice] and (2) soaking conditions [(1) 100°C water allowed to reach room temperature for 24 h; (2) 100°C water allowed to reach room temperature for 36 h; (3) baker\u27s yeast 0.25% b/v at room temperature for 24 h; and (4) baker\u27s yeast 0.25% b/v at room temperature for 36 h]. Rice quality was tested for hardness, elasticity, chewiness, stickiness, organoleptic properties, and antioxidant activity. Data was processed using ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the polishing frequency and soaking conditions affected the hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and stickiness of sorghum rice. The best sample was found to be twice-polished dark brown glutinous sorghum rice, with a 100 °C water soaking condition, and allowed to reach room temperature for 36 h. The sorghum rice had a hardness of 2,578.6 ± 1,044.4 gf, elasticity of 48.24 ± 0.20%, chewiness of 0.3622 ± 0.00, stickiness of (-76.88 ± 0.76) gs, with antioxidant activity of 0.0041 mg/g (strong), which panelists liked and similar with rice from the parameters of color (score 5.0 ± 0.2), aroma (score 4.5 ± 0.1), texture (score 4.8 ± 0.1), and taste (score 4.5 ± 0.1).
Keywords: dark brown waxy sorghum, Lamongan city, local commodity, polishing frequency, soaking conditio
Management of Pests and Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Products in Northen Sumatra
Full text linkThe coconut plant (Cocos nucifera L.) plays an important role in the production of cooking oil. In 2021, the area of coconut plantations in North Sumatra was 442,072.76 hectares, while the area planted in Tanjung Balai was 3,470.50 ha, with a total yield of 3755 tons. This study look at the cultivation and management of pests and coconut plant products in Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra. There were three types of coconuts found in Sei Kepayang, Tanjung Balai: tall, java, and dwarf coconut. Of the 22 coconut trees seen, 18 (81.81%) were affected by pests and diseases, including B. longissima, Orytes rhinoceros, Fusarium sp. shoot wilt disease, Curvularia sp. leaf spot disease, Pestalotiopsis palmarum gray spot disease, and monkeys and squirrels on the plants. Coconuts have a significant impact on coconut productivity. The products included cooking oil, as well as charcoal, broomsticks, rice-cake wrapp, and weaved handicrafts.
Keywords: coconut, coconut pests, coconut product
Potential and Challenges of Biofuels from Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) to Support Sustainable Fuel Transition in the Transportation Sector
Full text linkMobility is an integral part of daily life; however, the transportation sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which trigger global warming. In the context of climate change, a global issue, the Paris Agreement and the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) policies of each country encourage the development of environmentally friendly, renewable energy. Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), a tree found only in tropical forests, has the potential to be a source of biofuel from its non-timber products such as oil and resin. This study aims to analyze the challenges of developing biofuel from keruing for the transportation sector in Indonesia, using a mixed method enhanced by machine learning for data analysis. The results show that keruing oil has potential as a biofuel, but the main challenges lie in infrastructure, knowledge limitations, and processing techniques. Many keruing trees with oily wood are not industrially processed for their oil due to a lack of knowledge and a focus on wood utilization. The conclusion is that the potential for developing environmentally friendly renewable energy in Indonesia is significant, but improving the quality of human resources and capital is necessary to advance the science and technology.
Keywords: biofuel, Dipterocarpus spp., energy transition, SDGs, transportatio
Land Use Analysis Using Machine-Learning Based on Cloud Computing Platform
Full text linkLand use analysis can provide a foundation for successful and efficient regional planning and environmental monitoring. The application of machine-learning on a cloud computing platform (Google Earth Engine, GEE) in land use analysis enables efficient and rapid processing of spatial data on a wide scale. It overcomes the constraints inherent in conventional approaches. The purpose of this study was to identify land use and estimate its level of accuracy using GEE and a Random Forest machine-learning method. The data utilized were the administrative boundaries of Bangkalan Regency (1:25,000) and Landsat 8 SR L2 C2 T1 satellite images from 2022. Satellite image analysis using the Random Forest algorithm on the GEE platform with the JavaScript API, including masking, cloud masking, class and sampling, training, and testing sample data. Land use study using the Random Forest algorithm yielded the following results in order of area: vegetation 65,040.39 ha (49.98%), agricultural land 31,817.16 ha (24.45%), settlements 20,578.05 ha (15.81%), open land 6,683.94 ha (5.14%), and water bodies 6,021.09 ha (4.63%). The accuracy test in GEE revealed an overall accuracy (OA) of 91.39% and a kappa score of 88.39%, or 0.88. At the same time, validation in the field gave an OA of 88.68% and a Kappa of 85.53%. The findings of this study can be applied to land use evaluation and fundamental decision-making.
Keywords: land use, random forest, geographic information system, remote sensin
Effect of Soil Amendment Application on Productivity of Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schard.) in Suboptimal Land
Full text linkInappropriate land management system has emerged as a serious issue in agricultural development. Instead of boosting land productivity, suboptimal land use has become a viable option for regional agricultural development. However, this has not resulted in considerable increases in agricultural productivity. The purpose of this study was to improve soil parameters and increase watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schard) production by applying soil amendments to suboptimal land. This study was conducted utilizing a factorial randomized group design with two factors. The first factor was the application of mulch (M) with three treatment levels: M0 = no mulch, M1 = reed mulch, and M2 = coconut leaf mulch; the second factor was the application of bird manure fertilizer (P) with three treatment levels: P0 = no fertilizer, P1 = 10 t/ha fertilizer, and P2 = 20 t/ha. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan\u27s multiple range test (significant at P < 0.05). The study was conducted at Khairun University\u27s Campus IV in Madihutu Village, Kao Teluk District, North Halmahera Regency. Soil parameters and plant agronomic traits were among the observed variables. The findings revealed that the mulch and bird manure treatments had no significant impact on soil characteristics. In terms of plant agronomic features, the mulch-free treatment had the greatest impact on watermelon plant growth and yield, whereas the 10 t/ha fertilizer treatment outperformed the other treatments.
Keywords: bird manure fertilizer, mulch, suboptimal land, watermelon plan
Viability and Vigor of Thorny Spinach Weed (Amaranthus spinosus L.) Seeds Affected by Red Fruit Seed Liquid Smoke Doses
Full text linkControlling plant pests and diseases (PPD), such as the thorny amaranth weed (Amaranthus spinosus L.), is crucial to ensuring optimal plant growth and development. One option for weed control is to use organic pesticides manufactured from liquid smoke extracted from red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) seed waste. The goal of this research was to identify phenolic metabolite compounds present in liquid smoke from red fruit seed waste, analyze their effects on the germination of thorny amaranth seeds, and determine the most effective dose for minimizing weed germination. Phenolic chemicals were evaluated using GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer), and seed viability and vigor were assessed with liquid smoke doses of 0 mL/seed (B0), 0.1 mL/seed (B1), 0.2 mL/seed (B2), 0.3 mL/seed (B3), and 0.4 mL/seed (B4), with three replications each. The criteria assessed were phenolic chemical types, germination rate, growth potential, germination rate index, vigor index, uniformity of growth, and growth rate. The study discovered eight different types of phenolic compounds in the liquid smoke from red fruit seed waste. Liquid smoke had a significant effect on the germination and growth rates of thorny amaranth seeds, with the 0.4 mL/seed dose being the most effective at inhibiting germination, which was reduced to 0.71%.
Keywords: liquid smoke, red fruit seeds, thorny spinach, viability, vigo
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Combined Polyherbal Yogurt
Full text linkYogurt has become a popular dairy product and is considered a promising candidate for functional food intake. Innovations in yogurt production continue to develop, increasing public interest in yogurt consumption by using herbal plants. The combination of active ingredients from multiple herbal plants may provide higher effectiveness compared to single herbal plants. Lactic acid fermentation in herbal plants significantly increases phenolic and flavonoid levels. This study aims to analyze the effect of polyherbal (green tea, fenugreek seed, and cinnamon) on yogurt with physical and chemical parameters. This study was conducted with the stages of making polyherbal extract, preparing polyherbal yogurt, and analyzing physical (viscosity) and chemical (pH, total titrated acid (TTA), total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content using a completely randomized design with four different polyherbal levels (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) in triplicates. Physical and chemical characteristics data were summarized using analysis of variance. The lactic acid fermentation process in yogurt form on polyherbal had a significant effect on chemical characteristics, such as pH, TTA, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The best treatment level in this research is 3% polyherbal extract addition because it contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid.
Keywords: fermentation, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, polyherbal, Streptococcus thermophillus, yogur
Characteristics of Arabic Chicken (Gallus turcicus) Egg Flour with Different Drying Methods
Full text linkEggs of Arabic chicken (Gallus turcicus) have a high nutritional value and distinct traits, although they have a short shelf-life (about 17 d) and are prone to contamination. To address this issue, drying methods such as oven-drying, spray-drying, and freeze-drying can be employed to convert eggs to flour. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological properties of Arab chicken egg flour produced using various drying procedures to give comparative data and aid in the development of novel egg-based products. The study found that different drying processes had substantial (p <0.05) effects on color (L*, a*, b*), moisture, ash, fat, and protein contents. The freeze-drying method produced the best results, including color with a brightness level (L) of 66.69, redness (a*) of 22.73, and yellowness (b*) of 51.23; moisture of 1.53%; ash content of 7.04%; fat of 36.94%; protein of 51.73%; and total microbial contamination of 1.2 × 102 cfu/g. The freeze-drying process fulfills the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Standard, making it a useful reference for drying procedures that preserve the quality and shelf life of Arabic chicken eggs.
Keywords: Arabic chicken, drying, egg powder, microbiology, physicochemistr
Habitat Characteristics and Distribution of Ternate Island\u27s Endemic Halmahera Shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera)
Full text linkThe Halmahera walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) is a newly discovered endemic species found only in Halmahera\u27s marine waters. Ternate Island\u27s waters are known to provide habitat for the Halmahera walking shark species; the coastal water ecology is primarily made up of seagrass beds and reefs, which help to sustain the species\u27 population. However, knowledge on ecological characteristics and distribution of walking sharks remains scarce. The study aimed to determine the habitat characteristics and distribution of this rare species on Ternate Island\u27s coastal waters. This study was carried out from March to July 2024, with four stations located in the waters of Ternate Island. The data obtained included the number of walking shark sightings, water quality, seagrass bed characteristics, and coral reef conditions. The number of shark appearances varied significantly. The number of appearances was highest at Muhajirin Station and lowest at Kayu Merah Station. Seagrass beds at all four observation stations were categorized as damaged or poor, and coral reefs had begun to erode.
Keywords: coral reef, habitat condition, Hemiscyllium halmahera, seagrass be
Land Use Change, Hydrological Responses and Water Balance of Upstream Ciujung Watershed
Full text linkCiujung Watershed is an important land located in Banten Province, Indonesia. The Upstream Ciujung Watershed has seen numerous changes in land usage. Before implementing the best watershed management practices, we must first gather knowledge about the watershed\u27s features. This report seeks to provide information about the characteristics of the Upstream Ciujung Watershed, covering land-use changes, hydrological responses, and water balance. Land use changes were analyzed using satellite imagery from 2016 and 2021, with changes traced using ArcGIS and Excel; hydrological response method for flow regime coefficient (FRC) and annual flow coefficient (AFC) in the 2012−2016 and 2017−2021 periods. Water balance was analyzed by calculating water demand in 2021 and availability water from 2012−2021. The study found that deforestation occurred between 2016 and 2021. Primary forest, secondary forest, and production forest area fell by 51 ha, 1,073 ha, and 3,119 ha, respectively, while dryland agricultural area increased with a mix of shrubs, plantations, and settlements, contributing to the alteration in the watershed. The FRC and AFC values from 2012 to 2016 were 49 (poor) and 0.32 (moderate). Meanwhile, the FRC and AFC for 2017–2021 were 60 (moderate) and 0.30 (moderate). The water balance of the Upstream Ciujung Watershed in 2021 indicates a water surplus of 663,739,545 m3/year, while the dry season in September shows a shortfall of −5,468,643 m3/month.
Keywords: annual flow coefficient, flow regime coefficient, hydrological function, watershed managemen