Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Kajian Peningkatan Pati Resisten yang Terkandung dalam Bahan Pangan Sebagai Sumber Prebiotik
Get PDFPrebiotics are food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon. Resistant starch (RS) is the starch that can not be digested by digestive enzymes and resistant to gastric acid so it can reach the colon to be fermented by probiotic bacteria. There are treatments to increase the content of RS such as: autoclaving-cooling cycling, combination of lintnerized with autoclaving-cooling, and combination of debranching pullulanase with autoclaving-cooling. The results of techno-economical study showed that the combination of fermentation followed by autoclaving-cooling can be used as an alternative technique to increase the content of resistant starch in food more effectively and efficiently
Karakteristik Aus Mata Pisau Terlapisi Bahan Pengeras pada Pemotongan Kayu Mersawa dan Papan Partikel
Get PDFThe use of mersawa wood and particleboard as a materials has been increasing for building constructions and decorative purpose. In previous study reported that, these materials provide a high rate of wear caused by abrasion (high silica) and resin content. This article presents the characteristics of wear on the clearance face of newly multilayer-coated K10 cutting tools when milling mersawa wood and particleboard. The K10 cutting tools were coated with monolayer titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), multilayer TiAlN/titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN), and TiAlN/titanium boron nitride (TiBN). Mersawa wood with density of 0.80 g/cm3 and particleboard with a density of 0.61 g/cm3 were cut using the coated tools and uncoated K10. Cutting tests were performed on computer numeric control router at a high cutting speed of 17 m/s and a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev to investigate the wear characteristics on the clearance face of these coated tools. Result of research shown that the coated tools experienced a smaller amount of wear than the uncoated tool when cutting the mersawa and particleboard. The best coating among other coated in this study was multilayer TiAlN/TiBN. The high hardness, low coefficient of friction, high resistance to oxidation, and high resistance to delamination wear of the multilayer-coated TiAlN/TiBN tool indicate a very promising applicability of this coating for high-speed cutting of abrasive woods and wood based materials
Dinamika Sebaran Bakteri Heterotrofik di Teluk Jakarta
Get PDFJakarta Bay is one of the aquatic ecosystems with the highest level of organic pollution in the world. Ecological condition of Jakarta Bay’s water will affect the ecosystem, including the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria. This study aims to determine the dynamics of the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in the Jakarta Bay. Sampling was done by 4 repetitions during the year of 2013. Primary and secondary data was used in this research. The results showed an abundance of heterotrophic bacteria fluctuate and are relatively high in the area close to the mouth of the river and decreasing abundance in the ocean. The highest abundance obtained at Station 10 with 3,5 × 106 CFU/ml density and the lowest abundance obtained at Station 1 with 1,8 × 105 CFU/ml density. The highest density obtained in October with an average of 1,3 × 106 CFU/ml and the lowest density obtained in July with the average of 3,5 x 105 CFU/ml. Abundance of heterotrophic bacteria have a close relationship with chlorophyll-
Pengaruh Pra Perlakuan Terhadap Kualitas Kunyit yang Dikeringkan dengan Menggunakan Solar Tunnel Dryer
Get PDFTurmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) has many health benefits and can be used in herbal medicine as well as traditional herbal drink. Turmeric can also be used as a natural dye in food. Turmeric is very perishables in a fresh state, thus drying process is needed to extend its shelf life. An environmentally friendly drying using Solar Tunnel Dryer (STD) is one of the techniques that is interestingly developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of steam blanching at different times (3, 5, and 10 minutes) and soaking using a 0.05% citric acid for 5 minutes on the physicochemical and microbiological qualities of turmeric dried by STD. Measurements were conducted to analyze water content, water activity, curcumin content, antioxidant activity, pH, water activity, color intensity, and total fungi. The results showed that steam blanching and immersion using a 0.05% citric acid for 5 minutes could reduce the drying time when compared to that of control. While 5 minutes of steam blanching with immersion in the 0.05% citric acid for 5 minutes could produce a high antioxidant activity which was 80.30 ± 0.89 (% inhibition) and it had the lowest total fungi which were 3.33 ± 5.00
Pengaruh GA3 dan Beberapa Jenis Larutan Kimia Terhadap Bunga dan Karakter Morfologis Tetua Padi Hibrida
Get PDFThe aim of the present study is to optimize the dose of GA3 and substitution chemicals that affect on floral and morphological traits of parental lines for hybrid rice seed production. The experiment was conducted at glass house on field station Sukamandi, Indonesian Center for Rice Research, during April-August 2010. The experimental material comprising both the parental lines of hybrid Hipa 7 i.e. IR58025A and IR40750 were treated with 10 treatments of different kind of GA3, chemicals, and one untreated check was grown in randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that a liquid GA3 60 ppm, urea 2%, phosphate 1%, and glycine 40 ppm could influence some of the characters favoring outcrossing i.e stigma exertion, panicle exertion, anther and filament length. These chemical (urea 2%, phosphate 1%, and glycine 40 ppm) showed the possibility of the economizing cost of seed production and substitute of GA
Makroavertebrata Bentos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air Sungai Nimbai Manokwari, Papua Barat
Get PDFBenthos macroinvertebrates have been used as bioindicators to assess the waters quality of the stream, but still are very rarely to applied in West Papua streams. Benthos macroinvertebrates can describe the stream water quality so that very well be used as bioindicators, due to each species has a different tolerance to interference organic pollutants in waters. This study aimed to assess the water quality of Nimbai stream using benthos macroinvertebrates tolerance level and several water quality parameters. Data retrieval was conducted in JuneJuly and SeptemberOctober 2012 in seven stations (L1L7) from Nimbai upstream to downstream that connected to Prafi river. The water macroinvertebrates were taken using surber with mesh size 200 μm and then was identified at the family level. At L5 station near the oil palm waste disposal installations was contains oil and fat (<1-3 mg/l), which resulted in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH is lower than the other stations. Similarly the value of H\u27 is low (0.83), however, the value of C (0.79) was high that dominated by Oligochaeta. Famili biotic index (FBI) value obtained showed that water quality in the L1L4 stations was in good to excellent condition, but the quality at L5 station is classified as very poor. As the distance far away from the sources of pollution in the L5 station, water quality tends to improve as shown in the L6 and L7 stations. The result of this study shows the important benefits of benthos macroinvertebrates as bioindicators for assessing the quality of stream waters, and can be described aquatic environments disturbance to the benthos macroinvertebrates habitats in Nimbai stream
Pengaruh Kombinasi Pemangkasan Akar dan Sumber Inokulum Ektomikoriza Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon)
Get PDFRoot pruning technique may improve new lateral growth. The purposes of this research are to analyse the combined effect of root pruning and inoculum ectomycorrizal types on the growth of gnetum seedling (Gnetum gnemon). This research using split plot design. The source of ectomycorrizhal inoculum as main plot consist of 3 types: control, infected seedling of ectomycorrhizal, and soil inoculum. The root pruning level as sub plot also consist of 3 types: 0, 30, and 50%. Observation is conducted on month 5th and 6th after treatment. The result of this research indicates that root pruning technique on 7 month seedling able to enhance melinjo seedling’s growth and increase ectomycorrhizal colonization (Scleroderma spp.) after 6 months observation. The source of inoculum was able to enhance ectomyrorrhizal colonization but had no significant to gnetum seedling’s growth on month 6th after treatment. Interaction between root pruning 30% and fungal inoculation with soil inoculum source can improve gnetum seedling growth
Variasi Genetik Gen Myostatin Ekson 3 pada Sembilan Bangsa Kambing Lokal di Indonesia
Get PDFMyostatin gene plays a role in helping to control the growth and development of muscle tissue. Identification of genetic diversity in nine local goat breeds in Indonesia has done. The aim of this study was to obtain information myostatin gene diversity of exon 3 in local goats in Indonesia. The total of 10 samples was selected from 80 samples of goat\u27s blood collected comprising each sample of the population of goats breeds, i.e., Samosir, Muara, Kacang, Costa, Peranakan Etawah, Boerawa, Gembrong, Boer, and Boerka goats. The gene diversity and nucleotide base changes were identified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques. The analysis showed that there is eight variant identified in appropriate with those found in sequencing results. Deletion variations were found in Costa and Samosir goats in T552- and G560-. Substitution variations were found in Gembrong (A7C & A11T), Peranakan Etawah (T10A & A11T), Burawa (T10A & A11T), Muara (A11T), Samosir (A11T), and Boerka (A182T, T437A, T439A, & A445G). Variations on the chromatogram peak overlapping contained in the base position to 13. Analysis of variance showed that there was a special mutation in exon 3 that affects the amino acid tyrosine into lysine. Variants were found in nine goat breeds associated with phylogenetic and genetic distance of goats, Boerka goat has the highest level of genetic variation, it indicated that Boerka goat was crossbree
Kebiasaan Makan dan Luas Relung Ikan-Ikan Indigenous yang Ditemukan di Waduk Penjalin Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah
Get PDFKnowledge about food habits it is need to see how fish utilize their resources. The objective of this study was to assess feeding habits and niches breath fish species indigenous at Penjalin reservoir. This study was conducted during three months from Maret-Mei 2015. Location of the study were divided into 4 stations and sampling was conducted using gill nets. Feeding habits analysis used of the index of preponderance whereas calculation the niche breath using the method of Levin\u27s Measure. In general, the niches breath of indigenous fish in the Penjalin reservoir ranged between 0.71-3.92. The result showed that uceng (Nemacheilus fasciatus), benteur (Puntius binotatus), and wader padi (Rasbora lateristriata) classified as more freely of other indigenous fish species, because it is able to utilize several different resources as a main food. Selective trait shown by (Dermogenys pusilla) because only use one kind of natural food with a high percentage.
Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton di Danau Toba, Sumatera Utara
Get PDFLake Toba is the largest lake in Indonesia, located in the Province of North Sumatra. Lake Toba is used to aquaculture, agricultural, tourism, and residential areas. These activities will produce organic and anorganic matter that can affect water quality and can cause eutrophication. Some indicators of eutrophication are an increase in phytoplankton biomass and changes in phytoplankton community structure. The aim of this study was to describe the phytoplankton community structure in Lake Toba. This study was conducted on 20-24 October 2014 at 23 stations around the Samosir Island, Lake Toba. The results showed that the phytoplankton abundance ranged 216-68.319.716 cells/m3. The phytoplankton composition consists of 35 genera from four classes: Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae. Chyanophyceae is a dominant phytoplankton groups based on the composition of abundance (>40%). Structure of phytoplankton communities in Lake Toba dominated by Anabaena