Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Isolation and Characterization of Propoxur-Degrading Bacteria, Brucella pseudintermedia LED 6 from a Pineapple Plantation in Lampung
Full text link Propoxur is a non-systemic carbamate insecticide that is widely used in Indonesia to control insect pests. However, its persistence and toxicity pose environmental concerns. Bioremediation with bacteria is a viable method for mitigating the detrimental effects of propoxur residues. The goal of this work was to isolate and characterize bacterial strains that can degrade propoxur. Isolation by enrichment culture procedures, utilizing propoxur as the sole carbon source. The isolates\u27 morphological and physiological features were examined, and their degradation potential was determined. Six bacterial samples were isolated from a pineapple plantation in Lampung, Indonesia, and one strain, known as LED 6, showed great potential for propoxur breakdown. Molecular identification with 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolate as Brucella pseudintermedia. Growth characterisation revealed that the isolate performed best at 28 °C and pH 7. After 72 hours of incubation with 500 ppm propoxur, LED 6 had deteriorated around 26% of the starting concentration.
Keywords: bioremediation, Brucella pseudintermedia, pineapple, propoxu
DRIS Analysis of Nutrient Balance for High–Yielding Oil Palm Plantations in Peatlands
Full text linkThis study was conducted using an exploratory survey method to collect annual production data and analyze oil palm leaf samples from peatlands in several private oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan Province. The data obtained were analyzed using the Diagnosis Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). The results showed that to achieve optimal production of 23.81–30.33 tons ha -1 year -1, the optimal nutrient ranges in the oil palm leaf tissue on peatland were N 2.20–3.03%; P 0.14–0.18%; K 0.52–1.03%; Mg 0.16–0.30%; Ca 0.31–0.65%; B 7.05–18.06 ppm; Zn 2.44–14.26 ppm; Cu 2.76–6.37 ppm; Mn 18.36–315.28 ppm; and Fe 38.90–92.40 ppm. The nutrient balance ratios in the oil palm leaves on peatland showed optimal ratios for N/P 14.72–19.11; N/K 1.88–5.42; N/Mg 8.25–15.75; N/Ca 3.89–7.77; K/P 3.51–6.46; Mg/P 1.08–1.85; Ca/P 1.94–4.24; K/Ca 1.07–2.31; K/Mg 2.33–4.63; Ca/Mg 1.54–2.69; B/N 2.70–7.05; B/Fe 47.16–116.26; B/K 11.93–32.65; B/Ca 18.73–34.48; and B/Mg 32.54–80.43. Oil palm plants cultivated on peatlands with high production groups (>25 tons ha -1 year -1) had average nutrient indices of N (-1.5), P (1.6), K (0.9), Ca (0.2), Mg (0.0), and B (-1.4), with nutrient requirements in the order of N > B > Mg > Ca > K > P. In contrast, plants in the low–production groups (<25 tons ha -1 year -1) had average nutrient indices of N (-8.3), P (-3.9), K (1.1), Ca (6.8), Mg (0.7), and B (2.9), with nutrient requirements in the order of N > P > Mg > K > B > Ca.
Keywords: nutrient balance, oil palm, peatlan
Functional Diversity of Nematode on Rice Agroecosystem in Banyumas, Central Java
Full text linkDiversity of ecosystem components in rice agroecosystem is one of the keys to rice growing success. There was still a lack of information regarding the functional diversity of nematodes in the rice agroecosystems, hence the purpose of this study was to investigate the functional diversity of nematodes in rice ecosystems. This study was conducted by collecting samples from rice planting centers in Banyumas: Wangon, Jatilawang, Ajibarang, Rawalo, and Baturraden. Soil samples were collected randomly around rice plants at two places in each subdistrict. A total of 100 g of soil was extracted and isolated using the White-head tray technique. The observed variables were the morphological characteristics and functions of the nematode genus. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was used to calculate the diversity (H\u27), evenness (E), and dominance (D) indices. The findings revealed five distinct nematode functions: omnivore-predator (Eudorylaimus), omnivore (Dorylaimus), microbial feeder and predator (Diplogaster), bacterivore (Cephalobus and Rhabditis), and herbivore (Hirschmanniella, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus). The most abundant genus was Eudorylaimus (32%), followed by Hirschmanniella (23%), Dorylaimus (17%), Meloidogyne 12%, Helicotylenchus (8%), Diplogaster (4%), and Rhabditis and Cephalobus (2% each). The H\u27 index ranged from low to moderate, the E index varied from moderate to high, and D indicated that some sites were dominant. In conclusion, the diversity of nematode functions on rice agroecosystems in Banyumas was extensive, although R1 site in Rawalo district should be concerned due to Meloidogyne domination.
Keywords: biodiversity, nematodes, paddy, soil
Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma asperellum\u27s Virulence on Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) Eggs
Full text linkSpodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, sometimes known as armyworm, is a serious pest in maize crops. This pest affects maize plants\u27 leaves, resulting in yield losses of up to 79.9%. Entomopathogenic fungi is one alternate method for controlling the pest. Various entomopathogenic fungus can be found in nature, one of which thrives endophytically on plants, such as Trichoderma asperellum. The purpose of this study was to obtain and evaluate T. asperellum\u27s pathogenicity in suppressing S. frugiperda eggs. This investigation used five T. asperellum isolates (A116, PC21, S2D11, SD34, and AB2B3) obtained from diverse plant tissues. S. frugiperda larvae were treated with 2 mL of a conidia suspension containing 108 conidia/mL and sterile distilled water as a control. The observation variables comprised S. frugiperda egg mortality, first-instar larvae mortality, pupae formation percentage, and imago formation percentage. The findings indicated that the endophytic fungus T. asperellum can infect S. frugiperda eggs. The mortality rate for S. frugiperda eggs ranged from 43.27 to 78.34%. The mortality rate of first instar larvae ranged between 36.94% and 60.22%. The application of T. asperellum to S. frugiperda decreased pupae and imago production by 39.78% and 37.87%, respectively. T. asperellum SD324 is the most effective isolate for infecting S. frugiperda eggs.
Keywords: endophytes fungus, entomopathogenic fungus, larvae, maize, Spodoptera frugiperd
The Potential of Bioactive Peptides from Trypsin-Hydrolyzed Egg White of IPB-D1 Chicken as Antioxidant and Antibacterial
Full text linkThe IPB-D1 chicken is the outcome of crossbreeding native Indonesian chickens and can produce eggs high in protein, which is excellent for bioactive peptide manufacturing. Egg white hydrolysates contain bioactive peptides with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The purpose of this work was to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of bioactive peptides produced from IPB-D1 egg white hydrolyzed with trypsin. The research procedures included determining the Haugh unit (HU) value, protein content, degree of hydrolysis (DH), and antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The hydrolysate inhibited DPPH by 44.82% and had an antioxidant capacity of 23.16 mg EVC 100/g. The hydrolysate had greater inhibition zones against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than the non-hydrolyzed egg white, indicating its antibacterial action. Inhibition zone sizes ranged from 2.42 to 3.48 mm. The findings show that enzymatic hydrolysis of IPB-D1 egg white with trypsin significantly improves its antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidant, bioactive peptide, IPB-D1 chicken, trypsin enzym
Effect of Seed Size and Kombucha Soaking on Soursop Germination and Seedling Growth
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to look into the influence of long-term soaking seeds in kombucha and seed sizes on seed viability and seedling growth of soursop. The experiment was place between March and July 2024 at Screenhouse and the Undip Plant Physiology and Breeding Laboratory. The experiment followed a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor was the duration of seeds soak in kombucha (quick dipping, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h). The second factor was varying seed sizes according on diameter. Seeds from local fruit varieties were removed, picked, and steeped in kombucha according to treatment, before being planted in a germination box and put into polybags for seedling growth. Germination time, vigor index, germinability,germinating speed, sprout wet and dry weight, seedling height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and seedling wet and dry weight were the parameters measured. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, with an honest significance difference at the 5% level. The results showed an interaction between the treatment and sprout dry weight parameter. Soaking seeds in kombucha with a quick dipping approach influenced germination speed and number of leaves; soaking seeds in kombucha for 4 h produced the maximum sprout dryweight. Different seed size had a substantial influence, with large seeds showing the greatest values for sprout wet and dry weight and stem diameter. Large seeds steeped in kombucha for 4 h produced the highest viability and growth of soursop seedlings.
Keywords: kombucha, seedsize, seed soaking time, seedling, sourso
Physicochemicals, Organoleptic Properties, and Nutritional Adequacy Rates of Supplementary Food Cookies with the Addition of Whey Protein Powder, a By-Product of Making Dangke
Full text linkThe purpose of this research is to develop a supplementary meal for breast milk (CF) using whey protein derived from the byproduct of dangke manufacture, a typical Enrekang dish. The research involved spray drying whey protein powder and making CF cookies with four different whey protein powder addition treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30%). The physicochemical parameters of whey protein powder were studied, and the sensory and nutritional properties of CF cookies were evaluated. A sensory evaluation of the CF cookies found that 20% whey protein powder produced the best results in terms of color, flavor, and texture. Cookies made with 20% whey protein contained 6.80% protein, 22.25% total fat, 65.98% carbohydrate, and a total energy value of 490.73 Kcal/100g. While whey protein cookies contain protein and energy benefits that are comparable with WHO recommendations for CF, some concerns require attention. The total sugar level (24.625%) and salt content (453.67 mg/100 g) were relatively high, necessitating modifications to meet the sugar and sodium limits in CF. This work demonstrates the potential use of whey protein obtained from dangke by-products as a CF ingredient; nevertheless, more refinement is required to optimize its compliance with infant nutritional requirements.
Keywords: complementary food, Enrekang, local food, milk, whey protei
Growing Red Spinach Microgreens with Various LED Colors and Planting Media
Full text linkRed spinach microgreens are green plants that are consumed by their leaves in 14 days harvest time. This study aimed to examine the effects of LED light color and various planting media on the growth of red spinach microgreens. This research was conducted from June 1 to July 22, 2023, at Sendangguwo, at the Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, and at the Chem-mix Pratama Laboratory, Yogyakarta. The experimental design was a divided plot design with triplicates. The main plot was the LED light color treatment with four levels: white, red, blue, and green. The subplots were planting media treatments with 3 levels: soil, cocopeat, and vermiculite. The parameters observed included plant height, root length, wet weight, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and vitamin C content. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance and further tested using Duncan\u27s Multiple Range test. The results showed that the color of white LED lights can increase chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and in soil planting media, it also increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in red spinach microgreens. Cocopeat planting medium increased plant height, and vermiculite planting medium increased wet weight and vitamin C content. In conclusion, the color treatment of white LED lights and soil growing media increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content in red spinach microgreens.
Keywords: LED, microgreens, planting media, red spinac
The Effect of Milkfish Stomach Waste Compost on Cayenne Pepper Growth (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Full text linkCayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a high-value horticultural commodity with various benefits, ranging from food ingredients to medicinal purposes. However, cultivation still faces challenges, such as dependency on chemical fertilizers, which can harm the environment. As a solution, organic fertilizer derived from milkfish stomach waste has the potential to be utilized due to its rich nutrient content and environmentally friendly properties. This study aimed to examine the effect of varying amounts of milkfish stomach waste compost on the growth of cayenne pepper plants. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design with five compost mass treatments (0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 g) applied to cayenne pepper plants. The observed parameters included the plant height and leaf count. The results indicated that the compost mass significantly affected the growth of cayenne pepper plants. Treatment with 500 g of compost yielded the best results, marked by the highest average increase in plant height and leaf count compared to other treatments. This study demonstrates that milkfish stomach waste has excellent potential as a raw material for organic fertilizers to support the growth of horticultural crops in the future.
Keywords: cayenne pepper, compost, milkfish waste, organic fertilizer, plant growt
Effect of Banana Peel and Tomato Compost on the Growth of Oil Palm Seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Prenursery Stage
Full text linkContinuous use of inorganic fertilizers that do not follow Good Agricultural Practices causes soil damage. Organic fertilizers are complementary fertilizers that can maintain soil moisture and fertility, increase the soil water-holding capacity, and increase the amount of water available to plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compost prepared from banana peel and rotten tomato (10:3) and different watering intervals on the growth of oil palm seedlings at the pre-nursery stage. The experiment was conducted from February 2022 to August 2022 in Kedokan Agung Village, Kedokan Bunder District, and Indramayu Regency. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design consisting of nine treatments and three replicates, with each treatment consisting of two plants. The combination of treatments used compost with intervals of watering the oil palm seedlings. The results showed that the application of 1 kg/plant compost with daily watering resulted in the best growth and significantly affected plant height, trunk circumference, number of leaves, and leaf area. This treatment produced a growth response that was as good as that of plants given inorganic fertilizers.
Keywords: compost, organic fertilizer, prenursery, watering interva