Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Penilaian Bangunan Masjid Tua Wapauwe di Desa Kaitetu, Maluku
Get PDFHistorical tour is one of supporting aspects in tourism industry, locally and nationally. Old mosque of Wapauwe at Kaitetu Village of Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province, is one of historical tour destinations that offers beautiful architecture and wood structure. Even though the main building is only 10 x 10 m2, this is one of important relics of Maluku’s Islamic culture richness that stands and is well maintained since its building in 1414 AD. A structure surely will deteriorate during utilization, therefore a study on the durability of old Wapauwe Mosque building was conducted. Forensic method was employed in all of building components and the results were subsequently compared in the standard of proper building. The results revealed that the building was still in well category and fit for proper use. The structure of columns, walls, and roof frame were still quite sturdy and well maintained, yet symptoms of water capillarity were appeared on few parts of the walls and building foundation. The building was built from several wood species namely Nani (Xanthostemon verus), Linggua (Pterocarpus indicus), Red meranti (Shorea pinanga) and Bintanggur (Calophyllum inophyllum). The study recommends a moderate maintenance is required in roof that was noticeably suffered a little damage and particular method on preventing and inhibiting dampness on walls and foundation. Moreover, subsequent study will be required in wood anatomy structure, creep test and wood ages in determining wood durability in longer term
Distribusi Spasial dan Temporal Kepiting Kelapa (Birgus latro Linn 1767) di Daeo Kabupaten Pulau Morotai, Maluku Utara
Get PDFThis study aims to describe the size distribution of coconut crabs spatially and temporally in Daeo, Morotai Island, North Maluku. The captching was carried out at three stations, namely in areas adjacent to residential areas (station I), steep terrain with varying vegetation (station II), and shallow areas with various vegetation and coconut trees (station III). The collections of samples were conducted using coconut bait and catching directly by hand. Their lengths of cephalotorax plus rostrum (Cp+r) and thorax (TL) and weight were measured. The habitat conditions of natural vegetation were also observed. Data collected in catch (spatial) were analyzed with non-parametric Mann- Whitney (α0.05) and temporal tests with Kruskal Wallis test (α0.05). The results showed that the total numbers of catched coconut crabs were 581 individuals consisted of 314 and 267 males and femalescoconut crabs). The weight ranges of male and female coconut crabs were 50-990 and 50-520 grams, respectively. The ranges of Cp+r on male and female coconut crabs were 43.98-114.72 mm and 43.98-90.67 mm, respectively. The sizes of the TL in male and female coconut crabs were 19.56-54.86 mm and 19.56-48.65 mm, respectively. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney test of the number of spatial coconut crab catched in station I was different from those in station II and stasion III (P<0.05). The numbers coconut crabs catched were not temporally different (P>0.05). The spatial environmental qualities were not different (P>0.05) and the temporal parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) except pH that was not significantly different (P>0.05). Station III had denser vegetation than stations I and II
Adaptasi Tanaman Indigofera zollingeriana (Miquel 1855) (Leguminosae : Indigofereae) pada Berbagai Tingkat Naungan
Get PDFIndigofera zollingeriana is a bush type legume plant that grows well in full light but tolerant to shade conditions. Modification efforts of the environment with paranet shade treatment are the accurate approach. The objective of this research was to study the tolerance limit of I. zollingeriana plant at various shade levels. The study was conducted in October 2016-April 2017 at the Leuwikopo-IPB Bogor and used randomized block design with one shade factor (0, 40, 65, and 80%). The results of the measurement of microclimate with various shading levels showed that in the shade treatment 40%, the intensity of light decreased by 40% the temperature decreased by 6%, while the humidity increased by 10%. In the 65% shade, the light intensity decreased by 62%, the temperature decreased by 10%, while the humidity increased by 24%. In the 80% shade, the light intensity decreases 95%, the temperature decreases 13%, while the humidity increases 34%. The shade intensity has a real significant on decreasing stem diameter, number of branches, canopy dry weight, and roots. I. zollingeriana is rather tolerant of shade and it is able to adapt to shade up to 40%
Biaya Transaksi Eksplisit dan Implisit dalam Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Get PDFThe dairy farm in Indonesia are dominated by small-scale farms causing it is difficult to obtain access to market information and raises transaction costs in the provision of fodder, the production process and the sale of milk produced. However, transaction costs tend to be hidden and neglected by the farmer while it can affect the farm profit. The objective of this research was to analyze and calculate the transaction costs faced by dairy farmers, either explicit or implicit transaction costs, using Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA). This research was conducted at West Bandung District and classifying samples based on the scale and the membership in cooperative institutions. The explicit transaction cost include membership fee, the pulses, tips for paramedics, security costs, and sanitation cost of Cooperatives Service Location (TPK). The Implicit transaction cost include information cost due to the price differences of tofu and cassava pulp and the opportunity cost of time in obtaining of feed and marketing the milk. The implicit transaction costs that were payed by the farmer were higher than the explicit transaction cost. Information cost component had the highest proportion of total transaction cost with the percentage of 41.65% in cooperative members and 48.16% in non-cooperation members. The small-scale dairy farmers paid higher transaction cost because transaction cost was a fixed cost. Based on institutional, the transaction cost paid by the cooperation members was lower than that paid by the non-cooperation members even though the difference was not significant. The difference in transaction cost only IDR1.39/L for the farmer with ownership of 1-5 cows and IDR7.09/L for ownership of 6-10 cows
Strategi Pemanfaatan Perairan Pesisir untuk Budi Daya Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis L.) di Kuala Langsa, Provinsi Aceh
Get PDFDevelopment of green mussel culture currently still requires the determination of strategies in accordance with the potential and conditions of coastal areas as well as management culture system. This research aims to formulate strategies of the utilization coastal waters for green mussel culture in coastal Kuala Langsa, Aceh Province. Data collected to identify internal factors and external, including primary and secondary data, while the determination of respondents using purposive sampling method. SWOT Analysis is used for strategy determined while prioritizing strategy using Quantitative Strategies Planning Matrix (QSPM) analysis. Based on SWOT analysis, identified 9 strength factors, 4 weakness factors, 6 opportunity factors, and 5 threat factors and 8 strategies, then the priority of strategies is determined with QSPM analysis, the sequence of the most important priority is: counseling and training to improve the management of green mussel culture for coastal communities (WO1); green mussel culture can be integrated with the involvement of coastal communities as stakeholders (WO2); optimization of coastal waters for green mussel culture is supported by ecology conditions (SO1); green mussel culture can be done with longline method with a density of 20 individuals/basket 5.30 l (SO3); site selection for culture and spat collection of green mussel should consider coastal oceanographic factors (ST1); controlling the level of waste disposal from the mainland so as not to pollute coastal areas (ST2); and to formulate practical guidance of management of green mussel culture based on the food security principle
Peningkatan Pati Resisten Tepung Sorgum Termodifikasi Melalui Fermentasi dan Siklus Pemanasan Bertekanan-Pendinginan
Get PDFSorghum can be utilized as raw material to produce resistant starch because of its high amylose content. Resistant starch is the starch that is resistant to gastric acid hydrolysis and it cannot be digested by pancreatic digestive enzymes, it cannot be absorbed in the human small intestine, but it can be fermented by intestinal microbial in the colon. This study aims to increase the levels of resistant starch in modified sorghum flour by lactic acid bacteria fermentation and autoclaving-cooling cycling. Parameters analyzed in this study were proximate analysis starch digestibility, amylose content, total starch, reducing sugar, RDS (rapidly digestible starch), SDS (slowly digestible starch), and resistant starch. The combination treatment of fermentation and 2 cycles of autoclaving-cooling (FAC-2S) is the best treatment because it was able to produce the highest resistant starch content (39.06% dw) and it increased resistant starch 8.1 fold when compared with control. Improvement the number of autoclaving-cooling cycles was applied will increase the resistant starch content and decrease the digestibility of modified sorghum flour. High amylose content in modified sorghum flour is useful in the formation of resistant starch
Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Lapisan Biji pada Akurasi Prediksi Kandungan Minor Biji Kopi Arabika Hijau Bondowoso dengan NIR Spectroscopy
Get PDFVoid space in the bean layers will lead to the occurrence of non-fully interacted radiation (NFIR) affecting the reproducibility of NIRS measurements. Void space in addition to being affected by particle size is also influenced by the number/thickness of the bean layers. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of number of bean layer variation on prediction accuracy of caffeine, chlorogenic acid and trigonelline in Bondowoso green Arabica coffee beans by NIR Spectroscopy (NIRS). The study was conducted using three kind of layers, i.e. 3, 4, and 5 layers, with 100 samples each. Samples were measured by FT-NIR spectrometer in wavelength of 1.000-2.500 nm. The pretreatment method used were second derivative (dg2), the combination of first derivative (dg1) and Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and the combination of dg2 and MSC, while calibration method used was Partial Least Square (PLS). The results shows that the accuracy of 5 layers was better than 3 or 4 layers. The best calibration and validation for caffeine was obtained by dg2 pretreatment and 6 factors of PLS (r = 0.99; SEC = 0.01%; SEP = 0.01%; and RPD = 5.40), for chlorogenic acid was by dg2 pretreatment and 5 factors of PLS (r = 0.99; SEC = 0.09%; SEP = 0.09%; and RPD = 4.76), whereas for trigonelline was by combination of (dg2, MSC) and 5 factors of PLS (r = 0.99; SEC = 0.01%; SEP = 0.01%; and RPD = 4.86). Therefore, the 5 layers can be used as a reference in NIRS measurement of coffee beans
Evaluasi Ketahanan Galur International Rice Bacterial Blight terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri dan Identifikasi Patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Provinsi Jawa Tengah Berdasarkan Galur IRBB
Get PDFBacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the major disease in rice plants causing considerable economic losses. The objective of the study was to evaluate the resistant International Rice Bacterial Blight (IRBB) lines against bacterial leaf blight and the identification of Xoo pathotype from Central Java Province as the basis recommendation of the resistant varieties assembly with the background of resistant genes to overcome BLB disease. The evaluation of Xoo isolates from 22 districts in Central Java Province on IRBB lines was conducted in the rainy season 2016-2017 using split plot with three replications. The main plot was 15 IRBB lines, while the subplot was 110 Xoo isolates. Among 15 lines of IRBB, there were 10 lines have functioned as pathotype examiner of Xoo. The results obtained 6 lines were reacted resistant, namely IRBB5, IRBB7, IRBB8, IRBB57, IRBB64, and IRBB66. The IRBB66 line can be used as a resistant elder for the assembly of BLB resistant varieties because it has a combination of pyramiding resistant genes that were effective against BLB in some areas of Central Java Province. Pathotype IX was only found and dominant in Pemalang. Pathotype X was obtained in six districts of Tegal, Brebes, Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Purworejo, and Grobogan. Pathotype XII was the most dominant prototype in 15 districts. Assembling of resistant varieties with resistant gene backgrounds based on the existence of a specific Xoo pathotype in the field can reduce the severity of BLB disease
Penghambatan Respons Etilen pada Mawar Potong Melalui Modifikasi Larutan Perendam, 1-MCP, dan Sitokinin
Get PDFRoses (Rosa hybrida Hort.) are the popular flowering plants in Indonesia, however, some problems on postharvest cut roses are faced, such as short of flower longevities. The freshness or longevity of cut flowers can be maintained for a longer time by using vase solution, inhibition of ethylene responses ie with the use of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and cytokinin. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of 1-MCP and cytokinin combined with in a vase solution on the flower longevity dan quality of cut roses. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design consisting of nine treatments, cinsisting of: control; combination of sucrose + NaOCl + cytokines (1% + 0.01% + 20 ppm; 2% + 0.01% + 20 ppm; 1% + 0.05% + 20 ppm; and 2% + 0.05% + 20 ppm) and combination of sucrose + NaOCl + cytokinin (1% + 0.01% + 1 ppm; 2% + 0.01% + 1 ppm; 1% + 0.05% + 1 ppm; and 2% + 0.05% + 1 ppm). The results showed that the composition of 1% sucrose + 0.05% NaCl + cytokinin solution 20 ppm gave the best results in maintaining the angle of petals, reducing the increase of flower diameters, retaining flower petal colors, and making flower longevities up to 11.56 days
Efektivitas Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Get PDFBroccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is one of exotic vegetables having a high value, highly nutritious, rich source of vitamins, and also it contains the glucoraphanin compound which have anticancerous properties. Integrated nutrient management between organic and inorganic fertilizers is an important demand of the present era to increase broccoli yield and to cultivate a land in such a way that the soil productivity should remain sustainable. This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of broccoli. There were eight treatments which consisted of organic and inorganic fertilizers with different applications, single or in combination, and control (without fertilizer). Plant of broccoli as an indicator plant was measured for its height and number of leaves for variables of plant growth parameter, and head weight and head diameter for variables of yield. Application of organic and/or inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the growth of broccoli plant compared with control, but they did not show a significant difference with standard NPK treatment. Combination of organic fertilizer at a rate of 4 tons ha-1 and 50% the standard NPK fertilizer showed the highest diameter and yield of broccoli head. The sole application of organic fertilizer at a rate of 4 tons/ha showed the similargrowth and yield of broccoli with standard NPK treatment