Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Perilaku Kunjungan dan Efisiensi Penyerbukan Heterotrigona itama (Cockerell) dan Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) pada Labu Siam
Get PDFMain insect pollinator of chayote in the neotropics is the stingless bees. In Indonesia, there is no information available on chayote pollination. Research was conducted with the objective to study the flowering phenology of chayote and the role of two specieses of stingless bees Heterotrigona itama (Cockerell) and Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on chayote pollination. Measurements included the number of staminate and pistillate flowers, volume of nectar and sugar concentration, floral handling time and visitation rate, and fruit set. Chayote plants produced more staminate flowers than pistillate flowers, with the ratio of 18:1. There was no difference in nectar volume and sugar concentration between staminate and pistillate flowers. H. itama and T. laeviceps visited both type of flowers, with the peak of daily visitation were occurred at 08:30-10:30 am local times. There were significant differences in the floral handling time and foraging rate of H. itama and T. laeviceps. Pollen load was significantly higher in H. itama (2137.50±184.49 grains) than those in T. laeviceps (1675.00±110.47 grains). H. itama seemed to deposite more pollen (14.1±4.1 grains) on stigma than T. laeviceps (9.8±3.1 grains). Flowers prevented from insect visits resulted in zero fruit set. Single flower visit by H. itama and T. laeviceps resulted in 60 and 40% fruit set, respectively. Higher percent of fruit set (80-85%) was noticed in open-pollination, suggesting that multiple visits by insect pollinators might increase the chances of successful pollination
Analisis Keterkaitan GEN BMP15, BMPR1B, dan KISS1 dengan Sifat Fekunditas pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah Betina
Get PDFEtawah grade goat is a result of grading up line between Kacang and Etawah goats, which well adapted to Indonesia’s humid tropical climate. This goat is a dual-purpose goat breed for milk and meat production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the polymorphism of fecundity genes through the investigation of four candidate genes for prolificacy, i.e., BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1), and KISS1 (intron 1) and their associations with the litter size of Etawah-Grade does. The diversity of BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1), and KISS1 (introns 1) genes were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP technique. A total of 106 of DNA samples were collected from Etawah-Grade does at BPTU-HPT Pelaihari in Pelaihari, South Kalimantan (51 heads) and Cordero Farm in Bogor, West Java (55 heads). Genetic polymorphisms between the two Etawah-Grade groups were calculated as well as their allele and genotype frequencies and the Polymorphic Informative Content (PIC). The Kruskal-Wallis one-factor ranked analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was any effect of genotype of the fecundity genes on litter size. The polymorphic information content (PIC) estimated at BPTU-HPT Pelaihari was 0.313, whereas at Cordero farm was 0.174, and overall PIC was 0.244. There was no association between genotypes of BMP15 (exon 1), BMPR1B (exon 1), KISS1 (exon 1), and KISS1 (intron 1) genes and litter size. Results indicated that BMP15 (exon 1) and KISS1 (exon 1) genes were monomorphic. However, the other two loci showed polymorphisms. The BMPR1B (exon 1) locus had two genotypes with the frequency for CC (96.23%) and for GG (3.77%), and KISS1 (intron 1) locus had three genotypes with the frequency for TT (80.19%), AT (17.92%), and AA (1.89%)
Intensitas Fungsi Modal Sosial untuk Penguatan Posisi Tawar Pengrajin dalam Pemasaran Souvenir Olahan Limbah Kelapa
Get PDFA weak bargaining position in product marketing is a serious problem for farmers including those who diversify their livelihood patterns as souvenir craftsmen. Collector traders and retailers are dominant to set prices for souvenirs. Souvenir craftsmen surrender to accept any price level determination. As a consequence, souvenir craftsmen in the villages of Baturaden and Purbalingga Wetan have difficulties in earning profits from micro-souvenir businesses. The results of this study found that a solution to overcome the problem of the weak bargaining position of craftsmen in marketing souvenir products is through the use of a social-capital creation approach. The intensity of network functions of cooperation, mutual trust, values, and norms have different values in each bargaining position activity. Price domination by collectors and retailers is not only due to the dilemma of patron-client relationships. The qualities of souvenir products that are still not qualified turned out to be the cause of the weak bargaining position of craftsmen. The creation of social capital has a real function to strengthen the bargaining position of craftsmen in marketing souvenirs. The intensity of the function of social capital needs to be increased through the development of product quality, bargaining courage, and the ability to make price decisions in an agreement
Pertumbuhan, Produksi, dan Kualitas Buah Melon dengan Pemberian Pupuk Silika
Get PDFMelon (Cucumis melo L.) is a plant that has economic value and has been cultivated in several areas of Indonesia with intensive fertilization. The mineral nutrient that is expected to improve the quality of melon growth and fruit is silica. The aim of the research was to improve the growth and melon fruit quality by addition of silica fertilizer. The treatments in this experiment were the application of silica (Novelgro, water soluble) which was carried out on melon plants with silica concentrations of 0.67; 1.33 ppm; and control (without silica). The results showed that silica increased the plant height, leaf area, and diameter of melon fruit. Melon plant with silica treatment of 1.33 ppm had silica content in the high category (>4% Si) which was 5.31% in the skin of the fruit. Moreover, the addition of silica can prolong the fruit storage period in room temperature compared to control.
Kajian Rantai Nilai dan Analisis Nilai Tambah Jagung (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Konawe, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)
Get PDFMaize is the essential crop in Southeast Sulawesi and also as the primary income resource for the smallholder farmers. This research was conducted in Amesiu Village, Pondidaha Sub District, of Konawe District. This study has employed descriptive method for supply chain, Hayami method for value added analysis and SWOT analysis. Study results show that maize boiled business is the highest value added and the lowest value added is the maize farmer (IDR303.900,00/kg and IDR9.900/kg respectively). Meanwhile, the middle men have value added about IDR235.960,00/kg. Margin analysis shows that the business men of boiled maize have the highest margin (IDR323.898,00/kg), the lowest margin is the maize farmer (IDR36.200,00/kg), meanwhile the middle men has margin value about IDR240.960/kg). SWOT analysis shows the strategy that should be implemented by the business men of boiled maize is to support aggressively growth policy (growth oriented strategy). This strategy is more focusing to SO strategy (Strength-Opportunity) by using power to implement the opportunity
Sifat Pemesinan Lima Jenis Kayu Kurang Dikenal
Get PDFThis paper deals with a study in machining properties of five wood species, i.e. marasi (Hymenaea sp.), asam jawa (Tamarmaus indica), ki keuyeup (Enonimus javanica), cantigi (Pempis acidula), and Kendal (Euretia acuminate R.) from West Java. The result revealed that planing, shaping, boring, turning, and sanding properties were significantly affected by wood species. The machining qualities of asam jawa, marasi and ki keuyeup woods with respect to criteria were good to very good, while those cantigi and Kendal fair to good. There is a tendency of the higher density of wood, the better of machining properties. These five of wood can be suggested to be processed into various products processing with machining results as good to very good, except cantigi and kendal if need turning process must be done more carefully
Evaluasi Mutu Kimia dan Organoleptik Mi Kering Bebas Gluten dari Tepung Komposit Jagung-Singkong selama Penyimpanan
Get PDFNoodles are the staple foods for some countries in the world. Generally, noodles are made from whole wheat or flour from other grains and cereals. Development of noodles from non-wheat flour or gluten-free noodles has been conducted. One type of noodles that is often used is dry noodle. Research on gluten-free dried noodles made from maize and cassava composite flours has been done. The stability of product quality is very important to be studied, especially for designing product storage conditions. This study aims to evaluate the quality of maize-cassava dry noodle products during storage and to obtain the recommended storage temperature of dry maize-cassava noodles. The product is stored at four temperatures, i.e, 8, 28, 38, and 48°C. The temperature at 8°C was used as the control temperature. The products were stored for 8 weeks and the stability of quality parameters (moisture content, free fatty acid, and organoleptic including color, flavor, and taste) of the products were observed weekly. The result showed that there was a change of quality of dried maize-cassava noodle for 8 weeks of storage. Dry maize-cassava noodle had increased free fatty acids (0.029-0.038%), decreased moisture content (0.05-0.23%), and panelist acceptance levels of color, flavor, and aroma. Differences in storage temperature had no significant effect on free fatty acid change, sensory values of color, taste, and aroma, but had a significant effect on the decreased water content. The range of temperature recommendedfor storage of dried noodles of corn-cassava was 28-38°C
Trematodosis pada Sapi dan Kerbau di Wilayah Endemik Schistosomiasis di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
Get PDFCattle and buffaloes have economic value as a source of protein and draught power. The people of Sulawesi also use buffalo in various custom and religious activities. Infections by Trematodes may disrupt livestock productivity. In Indonesia, endemic Schistosomiasis can only be found in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (Lindu, Napu, and Bada Valleys). There is no data on the status of Trematode infection in cattle and buffalo animals in the area. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design to measure the prevalence of Trematodosis in cattle and buffalo around the endemic areas of Schistosomiasis in July-November 2016. A total of 261 stool samples consisting of 173 cattle and 88 buffaloes from 7 villages (Anca, Bewa, Mount Gintu, Sedoa, Wangga, Watumaeta, and Wuasa Villages) were collected and stored at 2-8 °C until further analysis. The Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory method was chosen to quantify the infection by trematodes. The prevalence of the overall trematodosis of this study was 85.06%. The prevalence of Trematodosis in buffalo was higher than in cattle and differed statistically (P<0.05). The highest prevalence was Paramphistomiasis (75.48%), followed by Fascioliasis (67.05%) and Schistosomiasis japonica (30.27%). The trematodosis prevalence of each village also varied and differed statistically (P<0.05). Intensites of infection of mild, moderate, and severe infections were reported in this study. Mixed infections by two even three species of trematodes were reported in this study. Two newly endemic Schistosomiasis villages are reported, namely Bewa Village and Gunung Gintu. The results of this study are used as a basis for controlling Trematodosis in large ruminants in endemic areas especially with zoonotic potential
Sifat-Sifat Kuantitatif dan Jarak Genetik Kerbau Lokal Sulawesi Tenggara Berdasarkan Pendekatan Morfologi
Get PDFInformation on animal genetic resource is needed in conservation program of Indonesian local buffalo. This study was aimed to analyze the quantitative traits diversity and genetic distance of local buffalo of Southeast Sulawesi local based on morphological approach. The total of 271 heads of swamp buffaloes were used in the study from four sub-populations, namely Bombana island’s, Bombana mainland, Kolaka and Konawe. Duncan Multiple Range test at 5% probability was used to compare the quantitative traits between the buffalo sub-populations. Genetic distance was analyzed by using the simple discriminant function. The results showed that the average body weight of male buffalo between sub-populations was not significantly different (P>0.05), but the average body weight of females buffalo from Bombana Island’s (465.22 ± 103.25) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other sub-populations. The highest variation of quantitative traits of local buffalo was found in Konawe sub-population, i.e. in body weight of female buffalo (35.36%) and body weight of male buffalo (22.05%), rump length in males buffalo (20.44%), and rump width in females buffalo (14.58%). Southeast Sulawesi local buffalo can be grouped into three clusters based on the phylogeny tree, namely 1) Kolaka and Konawe cluster, 2) Bombana island’s cluster, and 3) Bombana mainland cluster. The distinguishing variables of the group of Southeast Sulawesi local buffalo were rump length, body length, and chest circumference. The highest phenotype similarity value was shown by Bombana island’s buffalo (68.57%), while the lowest was found at Konawe buffalo (26.76%). The farthest genetic distance was found between Bombana Islands and Konawe buffalo (3.71703), while the closest genetics distance was identified between Kolaka and Konawe buffalo (0.86616)
Pengaruh Lingkungan dan Nilai Ripitabilitas pada Kualitas Semen Sapi Peranakan Ongole Jantan
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to analyze the effect of environmental factors (age of bull, season of collection and frequency of ejaculation) and estimate the repeatability on semen quality of ongole grade bulls. Semen data were collected from Singosari National Artificial Insemination Centre, in Malang District, East Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 1.020 ejaculates collected from three Ongole grade cattle from 2012-2016 were analyzed. Data were analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method using the mixed model including the random effect of bull and the fixed effects of age of bull, season of collection, and ejaculate number. The results showed that age of bull and ejaculate number significantly affected all studied variables (P<0.01). Season only affected to sperm motility (P<0.01). Repeatability estimates of semen volume, sperm concentration, total number of sperm and sperm motility were 0.48; 0.42; 0.28; and 0.01, respectively. It was concluded that the age of the bull and frequency of ejaculation significantly affected semen quality of Ongole grade cattle. Repeatabilities for semen quality were low, moderate and high