Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Rootone-F Concentration and Growing Media for Increasing the Growth of Jasmine Cuttings from Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province
Full text linkJasmine is a superior floriculture commodity in the Banjar Regency with high economic potential. Local jasmine farmers do not yet have operational standards for jasmine propagation. This study aimed to study various concentrations of Rootone-F with growing media to increase the growth of jasmine cuttings from the Banjar Regency. The experiment used a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the concentration of Rootone (a0 = 0, a1 = 100 ppm, a2 = 200 ppm, a3 = 300 ppm, a4 = 400 ppm) and and the second factor is the growing medium (m1 = soil + chicken manure (1:1), m2 = soil + chicken manure + sand (1:1:1), m3 = soil + chicken manure + rice husk (1:1:1), and m4 = soil + chicken manure + burnt rice husk (1:1:1). The results showed that the interaction between Rootone concentration treatment and growing media significantly affected the number of leaves at 8 WAP. Single treatment with Rootone had a significant effect on budding time. Single treatment with growing media had a very significant effect on the time of budding and the percentage of cutting growth. The recommendation obtained from the results of this study is that the provision of 400 ppm Rootone and a growing medium of soil + chicken manure + burnt rice husks can be used to increase the growth of jasmine cuttings. The results obtained from this study can be used to develop a protocol to produce high-quality jasmine planting material through cuttings.
Keywords: chicken manure, rice husk, Rootone-
Population Densities of Faunus ater and Terebralia sulcata in Areas Affected by Nickel Mining Overburden and Reference Site in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi
Full text linkThe Pomalaa mangrove ecosystem in Southeast Sulawesi primarily consists of the gastropods Faunus ater and Terebralia sulcata. The Pomalaa District is the largest nickel mining area in the region, and mining activities have significantly impacted the ecosystem by introducing overburdened sediment waste, visibly affecting the substrate, roots, and stems of mangroves. This research was conducted from June to September 2023 in the mangrove ecosystem of the Pomalaa District. This study examined the density differences of gastropods F. ater and T. sulcata in areas impacted by nickel mining overburden compared to minimally disturbed sites in the Pomalaa mangrove ecosystem, Southeast Sulawesi. Sampling was conducted using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Gastropod samples were obtained (counted), analyzed for density, and associated with mangrove density in the sampled area. The results showed that the highest densities of F. ater and T. sulcata were found in areas not affected by nickel mining overburden (reference sites) with ranges of 50-153 ind./m2 and 24-57 ind./m2, respectively. In contrast, in the areas affected by overburden, the population densities of the two types of gastropods ranged from 0-11 ind./m2 for T. sulcata and to 0-21 ind./m2 for F. ater) despite having high mangrove densities in several places. The distribution pattern of these two species was in the clumped category. This study found a significant decrease in the density of two typical mangrove slug species in overburden-affected areas compared to the reference sites.
Keywords: gastropod, mangrove, overburden, nickel mining, species densit
Allelopathy Potential of Jamaican Cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaf Extract in Inhibiting the Germination and Growth of Amaranthus spinosus L. Weed
Full text linkThis study examined the effects of an aqueous extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves on the inhibition of germination and growth of Amaranthus spinosus. The study used a single-factor Completely Randomized Design, namely, the concentration of extract with treatment levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6% for germination and 0, 10, 20, and 30% for growth. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Duncan\u27s Multiple Range Test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that treatment with the aqueous of leaf extracts decreased the percentage of germination, germination index, radicle, and stem length of the sprouts and slowed the germination time. During growth, it decreased the plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, and extended flowering time. The higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the decrease in the germination and growth of the weed. At concentrations of 10 and 20%, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids increased, but at a concentration of 30%, the contents began to decrease. At a concentration of 6%, germination decreased by 75%, germination index decreased by 87.47%, sprout length decreased by 27.51%, radicle length decreased by 26.20%, and germination time increased by 14.74%. At a concentration of 30%, the plant height was 6.48%, the number of leaves was 38.13%, the fresh weight was 20.64%, and the dry weight was 18.36%; however, the flowering time increased by 40%.
Keywords: Allelochemicals, germination, growth, inhibition, Muntingia calabura
Fermented Kasgot and SP 36 Fertilizer as Inputs for Purple Corn Cultivation in Ultisol Soil
Full text linkThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of fermentation kasgot and SP-36 fertilizer on purple corn in Ultisol soil. The research was carried out in the Screenhouse Food and Horticulture Corps Seed Agency, Bojong Village, Kembaran District, Banyumas Regency, from February to July 2022. The experiment used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were fermentation kasgot fertilizer with 3 levells, namely kasgot without fermentation, kasgot fermented with EM4, and kasgot fermented with Trichoderma sp.; and the second treatments were dose of SP-36 fertilizer with 3 levells, namely 50 kg/ha, 75 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha. The result showed that fermentation kasgot with EM4 increased wet crop weigth to 9,03% and wet seeds weight by corncob to 27,56%, while fermented kasgot with Trichoderma sp. increased dry seeds weight by corncob to 29,13%. SP-36 fertilizer effect in corncob diameter and P uptake in plant. Dose of 50 kg/ha increased corncob diameter to 6,58% and P uptake in plant to 23,03%. There was significant interaction between fermented kasgot with EM4 and SP-36 fertilizer dose by 50 kg/ha that increased dry plant weight to 36,98%.
Keywords: kasgot, fermentation, purple corn, SP-36 fertilize
Utilization of Medicinal Plants by the Tapos Village Community, Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency
Full text linkThe diversity of medicinal plant species in Tapos Village has the potential to be developed. However, studies on medicinal plants are still limited. This study aimed to inventory the types of ethnophytomedica, their efficacy, and their utilization by residents of Tapos Village, Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency. This research is expected to provide a reference for further research and efforts to increase public understanding of medicinal plants. Data were collected through several stages: literature study, observation, unstructured interviews, and documentation. The results of this study showed that as many as 39% of the 99 types of medicinal plants were dominated by herbal habitus. The most widely used parts are the leaves (60 %) and cultivated medicinal plants (59 %). Most types of plants are used to cure a group of gastrointestinal diseases, with as many as 23 types of plants. The people of this village maintain local wisdom in utilizing medicinal plants.
Keywords: Ethnophytopharmaca, medicinal plants, Tapos Villag
Effect of Water Spinach Spacing and Planting Time on Chili Growth in Chili-Water Spinach Intercropping
Full text linkChili is one of the horticulture crops with the highest commercial value. Farmers can cultivate chili in intercropping systems with water spinach plants as a land-saving alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal chili planting distance and water spinach planting timing for increasing chili plant growth in chili-water spinach intercropping cultivation. A factorial randomized group design was adopted in this study. The first consideration was the spacing between the chili plants, which measure 50´70 cm and 50´50 cm, respectively. The second aspect was to plant water spinach at the same time as chili, one week after planting (1 WAP) chili, and 2 WAP chili. The findings indicate that optimum spacing and planting time for water spinach can improve the growth of chili plants. When chili plants were spaced 50´70 cm apart, their height and number of leaves increased dramatically. When compared to other treatments, the planting time of water spinach 1-2 WAP chili resulted in significantly higher plant height and number of leaves. All growth variables examined were significantly influenced by the interaction of 50´70 cm and water spinach planting time 2 weeks after chili planting.
Keywords: chili, intercropping, planting distance, planting time, water spinac
Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Livestock Waste as Transportation Fuel
Full text linkIn 2023, Indonesia became a top 10 carbon emitter, which is contradictory to its net zero emissions agenda. One of the causes is the use of fossil energy, and it is necessary to transition energy sustainably, especially for the transportation sector, which is the largest contributor to emissions. New renewable energy sources from livestock manure waste can be used as fuels in the transportation sector. Many livestock produce waste that needs to be utilized. Livestock manure waste is widely used as biogas for household-scale applications but is rarely utilized as a biofuel in the transportation sector. This study aimed to analyze the potential and challenges of developing biofuels from livestock waste in Brebes Regency (Indonesia). Biofuel development must be conducted at the regional level to support the acceleration of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This research uses data sources in the form of literature studies and interviews, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to formulate sustainable energy transition policies. The results of this study describe the opportunities and challenges of developing livestock manure waste as transportation fuel. The Brebes Regency Government can encourage this through policies to accelerate the energy transition.
Keywords: biogas, energy transition, livestock waste, transportation fue
Agromorphological and Physicochemical Characteristics of Golden Rice , Introduced Rice Line PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64
Full text linkGolden Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is biofortified rice that contains β-carotene, an essential nutrient for human health. Golden Rice PAC Nagdong/IR36/IR64 was created by crossing PAC Nagdong/IR36 with IR64 rice, a native variety, to improve tolerance to Indonesia\u27s environment. Observations were made in two stages: (a) agromorphological characterization during culture, which included plant height, tiller number, panicle length, fertility, yield potential, and grain color, and (b) physicochemical analysis to assess amylose, amylopectin, protein, and lipid levels. Golden Rice has semi-dwarf height, a good and very high number of tillers (22.60−24.40), a panicle length of 20.09−20.85 cm, grain weight per pot of 42.08−42.94 g, fertility of 67.23−81.54%, and seed color of 5Y 8/8−5Y 8/10. The physicochemical properties included amylose content of 12.41−13.37%, protein content of 4.61−5.45%, lipid content of 1.24−1.54%, swelling power of 6.72−8.08%, low gelatinization temperature, and soft gel consistency type. The results indicated Golden Rice line 302/IR-2-2(7)/2 exhibit superior characteristics, including lower amylose and protein contents, higher fertility, and soft gel consistency which identical with consumer-preferred rice quality in Indonesia. Accordingly, this line have the highest potential for commercialization, while the remaining lines depict as promising materials for further breeding improvement.
Keywords: agromorphology, Golden Rice , physicochemistr
Bioprospecting of Pectinase-Producing Bacteria from Marine Actinomycetes
Full text linkPectinase is used in a variety of industries, including fruit juice production, textile processing, papermaking, biodegumming, coffee and tea manufacturing, medicines, feed, and nutraceuticals. The demand for pectinase enzymes grows year after year. Industrial applications require high-activity enzymes that can increase considerable product yields while also improving based on needs and byproduct use. Indonesia\u27s industry continues to rely on imported pectinase enzymes. Indonesia, on the other hand, possesses megabiodiversity, particularly marine microorganisms, which have the potential to provide new enzymes with high activity for industrial applications. This work aims to undertake bioprospecting of marine actinomycetes producing pectinase enzymes that have the capacity to hydrolyze pectin polymer, both from commercial and biomass sources. A total of 20 marine actinomycetes isolates from sediment, seawater, and sponges were bioprospected, and one isolate was selected with high pectinase activity (BLH 1.20), which was then used to characterize pH, temperature, hydrolysis analysis on pectin polymers, and isolate identification using 16s rRNA analysis. The selected isolate (BLH 1.20) performed best in a sodium phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 30°C, achieving an activity of 5.4 U/mL. The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the isolate is from the genus Streptomyces and the species Streptomyces sampsonii.
Keywords: bioprospecting, marine Actinomycetes, pectinase, Streptomyces sampsoni
Transformation of the Agricultural Sector in Sulawesi Island: A Panel Data Approach
Full text linkTechnological revolutions, globalization, and complicated market dynamics have expedited the transformation of economic structures. This process is further influenced by the diversity of natural resources among regions, which drives economic development. In today\u27s world, understanding economic change is critical for promoting long-term economic growth. The purpose of this study was to examine structural changes in the agriculture sector and its subsectors on Sulawesi Island, as well as the variables that affect them. The analytical approaches used include descriptive analysis of panel data processed with Microsoft Excel and panel data regression. The findings demonstrate that between 2010 and 2022, Sulawesi\u27s agriculture industry lost 6.24% of its GDP contribution, as did all its subsectors. This decrease was complemented by a rise in the industrial sector\u27s contribution of 5.43%. In the regression analysis, the fixed effect model (FEM) proved to be the best fit. Population density (X1) and the Indonesian democracy index (IDI) (X3) had a positive and significant influence on economic transformation, whereas farmers\u27 terms of trade (FTT) (X4) and the number of people living in poverty (X5) had a negative and significant impact on Sulawesi\u27s agricultural economy transformation. It is suggested that agribusiness operators vary processed products based on agricultural raw materials to aid and balance economic transition.
Keywords: economic transformation, fixed effect model, panel data regression, sectoral GDP contribution, structural shif