Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations between Leaf-Rust Disease and Leaf Morphology and its Ratio in Arabica Coffee
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Selection parameter in coffee breeding for leaf rust (Hemeleia vastatrix) resistance is very important. Breeders used leaf-rust severity and leaf-rust incidence as parameters of direct selection. However, scientific proof is not yet available whether leaf morphology can be used as a parameter of indirect selection. The objective of this research was to seek the possibility of leaf morphology parameter and its ratio to be used as selection criteria through analyses of genotypic and phenotypic correlations of parameter of rust disease and parameter of leaf morphology and its ratio. The result revealed that genotypes showed significant variations in leaf-rust severity (5.21–25.84%), leaf morphology, and leaf-morphology ratio. Leaf length to leaf width ratio, leaf length to leaf area ratio, and leaf width to leaf weight ratio were not affected by the environment. Leaf-rust severity performed highly significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations the ratio of with leaf length to leaf area. For selection criteria, leaf-rust severity could be better used rather than leaf-rust incidence and branch-rust incidence. The ratio of leaf length to leaf area could also be used as an indirect selection criterion because the ratio showed a highly significant genotypic correlation with leaf-rust severity (rGab = 0.254**). However, the ratio of leaf length to leaf area is even better chosen for selection criteria rather than leaf-rust severity because the ratio was not affected by the environment.
Keywords: fungus, Hemeleia vastatrix, indirect selectio
Eksplorasi Antibakteri dari Kapang Tanah Arboretum
Get PDFResearch to discover new antibacterial agent has been increasing due to the increasing number of pathogenic bacteria become antibiotic-resistant. Microbiomes in soil mold have antibacterial potency by producing secondary metabolites. The aim of this research was to isolate soil molds from the Faculty of Forestry Arboretum at IPB University. Arboretum’s soil was sampled ± 7.5 g from several points with maximum depth of 15 cm from surface. Mold isolate were cultivated for 28 days using waterbath shaker. Cultivated mycelium and soil filtrate were then separated and extracted using different methods and solvents, prior to antibacterial activity test using agar well diffusion method. Six isolates from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, and Verticilium were used in this research. Cultivatation using sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) contains pepton and dextrose in 25°C capable of stimulating mold growth. The research showed the result of secondary metabolit had antibacterial characteristic toward tested bacteria. The results of antibacterial activity test on both mycelium and soil filtrate extract showed that soil mold isolates had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Isolate 103A originated from soil filtrate formed the largest inhibition zone on both tested pathogens.
Keywords: antibacteria, mycelium, soil filtrate, soil mol
Analisis Respons Hidrologi untuk Mendukung Perencanaan Pengelolaan Sub-DAS Opak Hulu, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Get PDFLand use change is one of the causes of the decreasing of hydrological function that affects the hydrological response of a watershed. Planning of watershed management needs to be conducted to improve the hydrological function of the watershed. This study aims to determine the hydrological response in supporting watershed management planning in Opak Hulu Watershed. This research was conducted using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological modeling. The method used included data collection, processing of input data, running of SWAT model, calibration, validation, and the decision of the best watershed management scenarios. The results of the analysis of land use changes in the Opak Hulu Watershed in 2012–2017 had a significant increase in mixed upland agriculture (3.21%) and shrubs (1.43%). Meanwhile, open field (2,31%) and dry land agriculture (1.71%) decreased significantly. Based on the analyzed hydrological scenario, Soil and Water Conservation techniques can decrease the surface runoff and increase the lateral flow and base flow. The scenario is able to decrease the surface runoff by 542.22 mm (27.09%). It increases lateral flow and base flow by 321.82 mm (13.15%) and 797.28 mm (18.32%), respectively. The best watershed management planning with Soil and Water Conservation technique is able to reach Annual Flow Coefficient value to 0,33 (moderate) and 69,85 (moderate) for Flow Regime Coefficient.
Keywords: land use, soil and water conservation techniques, SWAT model, watershe
Praktik Higiene Sanitasi dalam Pengelolaan Pangan di Sepuluh Industri Jasa Boga di Kota Bogor
Get PDFCatering industry is a food business which produces ready-to-eat food or food that will not be cooked or reheated before serving. Therefore, the safety of food produced by catering industry becomes very important. During period of 2015–2017, the food produced by catering industry was the third largest cause of food borne outbreak in Indonesia. This showed poor compliance level of food hygiene and sanitation in the catering industry, especially during food production. This study was aimed to measure the compliance level of sanitation and hygiene practices during food production in catering industries. This study was carried out in 10 catering industries located in Bogor City, consisting of 2 catering industries in class A2, 4 catering industries in class A3, and 4 catering industries in class B. Data collection was carried out by observation using checklist which was developed from Regulation of The Minister of Health Number 1096 Year 2011. Result showed that catering industries in class A2, A3, and B had an average compliance level of hygiene and sanitation practices during food production. The stage of raw material procurement in class A2 and stage of food processing in class A2, A3, and B were still in poor compliance level of hygiene and sanitation practices that should be more improved.
Keywords: catering industries, compliance level, hygiene and sanitation, food productio
Pertumbuhan Widelia (Wedelia trilobata (L) Hitchc) pada Tingkat Naungan Berbeda di Jalur Hijau Kota Yogyakarta
Get PDFWidelia plant (Wedelia trilobata (L) Hitchc) is a spreading herb from the Asterase family that potentially can be used as a ground cover in the roadside greenery because this plant has a faster growing rate and has aesthetic values in both leaves and flowers. The aim of this study was to observe the microclimate of the roadside greenery and the vegetative growth of widelia at three levels of the tree canopy shades in the collector and local roads of Yogyakarta City. The experiment was carried out using an inter-site design (oversite) consisting of two factors, namely road factors (collector roads and local roads) and levels of shade canopy (full > 50%, moderate 20–50% and no shade 0%). The results of the analysis of variance did not show any significant differences on the microclimate and widelia growth parameters on the collector or local roads. The wind speed, noise, and number of vehicles on the collector road showed the higher number compared to those on the local road. The results of analysis of variance in the three levels of tree canopy shade also showed significant differences in microclimate and widelia growth parameters. The lowest light intensity, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, stolon length, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of segments, and dry weight plants were found in full shade level (> 50%). All observation variables did not show any significant interaction effect between the two types of roads and the three levels of tree shades.
Keywords: canopy shade, microclimate, roadside greenery, widelia (Wedelia trilobata (L) Hitchc), Yogyakart
Analisis Morfofisiologi, Anatomi, dan Histokimia pada Lima Spesies Tanaman Gulma sebagai Respons terhadap Merkuri dan Timbal
Get PDFPlants can be used as phytoremediation agents to improve critical land due to gold mining activities. This experiment aimed to analyze the morphophysiological, anatomical, and histochemical responses of Brachiaria mutica, Cyperus kyllingia, Ipomea aquatica, Mikania micrantha, and Paspalum conjugatum in response to the application of heavy metals mercury and lead in the forms of Hg(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 in hydroponic experiments and to determine the ability of these plants to accumulate both metals. Morphological responses were observed by measuring number of leaves and plant dry weight, and physiological responses were observed by analyzing photosynthetic pigments, while anatomical and histochemical responses were analyzed by microscopic observation to tranversal slice of roots and leaves. The results showed that the applications of Hg(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 treatments caused decreases in number of leaves, plant dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid). The treatments also decreased leaf thickness due to the decrease in the epidermis, but they caused the increases in exodermis and endodermis of the roots. Mercury and lead were accumulated in large amounts in the roots, but accumulation in the shoot was less. Histochemical observation showed that lead was found in the roots of all the plants, especially in endodermic tissue and the vessel, whereas in the leaves the two metals were detected in the upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll, and vessel. Among the five species tested, C. kyllingia and P. conjugatum were the most tolerant to Pb and Hg
Penyebaran Virus Utama Tebu di Lampung dan Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFOne effort to increase domestic sugar production is through the extension of sugarcane growing area outside Java island. The status of sugarcane disease outside Java, particularly those caused by virus(es), has not been evaluated yet; where virus diseases are able to decrease sugarcane productivity. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify the sugarcane major viruses and their distributions in Lampung and South Sulawesi. Field survey and leaf sampling was collected from Lampung Tengah District, in Lampung Province and three districts in South Sulawesi Province i.e., Bone, Gowa, and Takalar. Virus detection was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method using specific primers for Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV). Results indicated that symptoms variation was observed in the field. The highest disease incidence and severity was found in Lampung, i.e. 100% and 61.67-71.67%, respectively; whereas the lowest disease incidence and severity was found in Takalar, i.e. 5-70% and 5-45%, respectively. The disease incidence and severity of viral diseases tend to be low in dry and low rain fall conditions. This information might be helpful for the extensification program of sugarcane development in supporting the sugar self-sufficiency program.
Keywords: disease incidence, disease severity, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, sugar self-sufficienc
Respons Pertumbuhan, Fisiologi, dan Produksi Kedelai terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Nitrogen dengan Dosis dan Waktu yang Berbeda
Get PDFFertilization is needed to support the growth of soybean plants. Nitrogen is a type of fertilizer that is needed by soybeans in considerable amounts. Aplication of nitrogen at different times is able to affect the production and quality of soybean seeds. The purpose of this study was to attain information about the morphology, physiology, and production responses of two soybean varieties to the supply of N. This research was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor Regency. This study used a completely randomized block design with two factors, namely two soybean varieties consisting of Tanggamus and Biosoy 1, and four combinations of N fertilizer doses that were without N fertilization, fertilized N at planting date, fertilized N at the seed filling phase, and fertilized N at planting date+seed filling phase with two replications. The dosage of urea fertilizer used was 25 kg ha-1, so that the N dosages is obtained 11,5 kg ha-1. The results showed that the application of N fertilizers at planting and during the seed filling phase (N3) was an effective time to increase soybean production.
Keywords: fertilization, morphology, seed qualit
Cekaman Garam NaCl danTeknik Aplikasi Azolla pada Tanaman Padi
Get PDFEfforts to increase production potential can be carried out by extensification in a less productive saline land. Salinity is a major problem in the growth of most plants. Azolla is a plant that is sensitive to salinity, but if it is applied well, it can grow optimally at high salinity levels. The purpose of this study is to obtain an azolla application technique that is effective in increasing the adaptation of rice plants to NaCl saline soil conditions. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the azolla application technique consisted of 3 levels: fresh azolla composted, fresh azolla immersed, and fresh azolla as a ground cover. The second factor was the levels of NaCl salt stress consisted of 4 levels: control DHL 0, 2, 4, and 8 dS m-1. The adaptation ability of rice plants based on variable plants height growth rate, number of tillers, strove dry weight, root dry weight, stomata density, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), age of flowering, number of paddy grain, and harvest index. The results showed how to test content up to 2 dS m-1 which increased rice growth especially the application of azolla composted. Increasing stress to 4 and 8 dS m-1showed bad effects on vegetative, physiology, and yields of rice components. The stronger of salt stress the higher all plants growth variables except the age of flowering that actually showed the acceleration of flowering. Application of composted azolla can increase the root dry weight and azolla as a ground cover can increase the numbers of paddy grains.
Keywords: azolla, NaCl, rice, stres
Penapisan Bakteri Penghambat Fusarium yang Diisolasi dari Cairan Kantung Semar (Nepenthes sp.)
Get PDFThe genus Fusarium sp. is a pathogenic fungal for many cultivated plants. The bacteria isolated from monkey cup (Nepenthes sp.) fluid possess the ability to produce hydrolytic enzyme, such as chitinase which can be utilized to inhibit the growth of mycelia of pathogenic fungi. The aims of this study are to isolate bacteria from monkey cup liquid, to test their abilities to produce protease, chitinase, and cellulase, as well as their abilities to inhibit Fusarium. The bacteria were isolated using serial dilution method on Reasoner’s 2A agar medium. Enzymatic activities of bacterial isolates were determined by inoculating them on tested medium supplemented with casein protein, chitin, and cellulose, whereas their antifungal activities were assayed using a direct confrontation method between tested bacterial isolates and pathogenic fungal on Malt Extract Agar medium. Molecular identification of bacteria with antifungal activity was performed by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Isolation process of bacteria from monkey cup fluid resulted in 99 bacterial isolates with the ability to produce either protease, chitinase, and/or cellulose enzymes. A total of 37 bacterial isolates were capable of producing at least two hydrolytic enzymes. Antifungal assay of those bacteria showed that as many as 25 isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that those isolates were closely related to three Burkholderia species, namely B. arboris, B. contaminans, and B. rijonensis.
Keywords: antifungal, Burkholderia, chitinase, cellulaseN, epenthes, proteas