Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Ciri Anatomi, Morfologi Serat, dan Sifat Fisis Tiga Jenis Lesser-Used Wood Species Asal Kalimantan Utara, Indonesia
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyze anatomical characteristics, fiber morphology, and several important physical properties of nyatoh (Palaquium lanceolatum), pisang putih (Sindora walichii), and sepetir (Mezzettia leptopoda) wood from North Kalimantan in order to support the proper utilization of each wood species. All parameters were analyzed using their standard procedures. Results showed that anatomical characteristics of nyatoh wood are the vessels predominantly are in radial multiples and contained tyloses, ray parenchyma is mostly uniseriate and even, while axial parenchyma is in narrow tangential line with irregularly spaced. For pisang putih wood, the vessels are exclusively solitary, ray parenchyma of two distinct sizes, while axial parenchyma are in continuous tangential bands with irregularly spaced. In case of sepetir wood, the vessel is in radial and diagonal patterns, rays tend to have two different sizes, axial parenchyma is vasicentric to aliform, and has the axial resin canals in continuous tangential bands. Average values of fiber length and fiber wall thickness are 1904 and 3.61 µm (nyatoh), 1708 and 4.51 µm (pisang putih), and 1337 and 3.39 µm (sepetir), respectively; while the mean values of specific gravity and T/R-ratio are 0.42 and 1.41 (nyatoh), 0.37 and 2.34 (pisang putih), and 0.32 and 1.40 (sepetir), respectively. Nyatoh wood is categorized as the Strength Class of III, while pisang putih and sepetir woods are categorized as the Strength Class of IV. Compared to pisang putih and sepetir woods, nyatoh wood is more potential for pulp, paper, and furniture manufacturing.
Keywords: anatomical characteristics, fiber morphology, lesser-used wood species, physical propertie
Pengembangan Butiran Premiks untuk Fortifikasi Zat Besi dalam Beras
Get PDFIron-fortified rice potentially increases iron consumption in order to overcome anemia in Indonesia. Premix kernel can be applied as a fortificant vehicle being formulated into rice. The premix kernel is processed by mixing rice flour and iron source and extruded to yield rice-like extrudate. This research aimed to develop iron premix kernel using a double screw extruder and evaluate the fortificant homogeneity during mixing and stability due to washing as well as overall sensory acceptability of fortified rice. The premix kernel was made by mixing rice flour (1000 g), pyrophosphate ferries (containing 5,000 mg Fe), and GMS (10 g) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes, added with water (450 mL) and passed into an extruder at 80°C. The dry-mixed for 20 minutes yielded a homogenous premix kernel (6,030±135 mg/kg with RSD of 2.25%). The mixing of premix kernel and Pandanwangi rice (1:100) for 25 minutes using a blade mixer yielded fortified rice with iron content of 39 mg/kg and RSD of 13.56%. The washing process of fortified rice decreased iron content, and the percentage of iron loss was affected by the washing frequency. Raw and cooked fortified rice did not differ organoleptically from those without fortification.
Keywords: anemia, fortified rice, ferric pyrophospate, homogeneity, premix kerne
Seleksi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Penghasil Kitinase Penghambat Pertumbuhan Cendawan Patogen Tanaman
Get PDFColletotrichum capsici and Fusarium oxysporum are pathogenic fungi that cause anthracnose disease on chili plants (Capsicum annum L.) which can decrease the productivity of chili. The control of the fungus attack is carried out by biocontrol agent of the fungi utilizing chitinase-producing bacteria. Chitinase is an enzyme capable of destroying the fungal cell wall composed of chitin compounds. The aims of the research were to select and to characterize chitinase producing bacteria as biological control agent of Colletotrichum capsici and Fusarium oxysporum. Several methods were carried out in this research, among others: isolation of chitinase bacteria, characterization of chitinase bacteria, measurement of enzyme activity, bacterial antagonistic with pathogenic fungi, observation of fungal hypha damage, and identification of 16S rRNA. The BAE36 and BAD211 isolates are chitinase bacteria isolated from chili plant rhizosphere. The isolate belongs to the Gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory properties of BAE36 and BAD211 against F. oxysporum and C. capsici are on a scale of 3 (51-75%). The percentage of inhibitory of BAE36 isolate was 66.1% capable of inhibiting the growth of C. capsici and 55% capable of inhibiting the growth of F. oxysporum. The hyphae of C. capsici fungus on the antagonistic test showed a thick and the surface of the hyphae was wavy while the F. oxysporum hyphae was thin and looks empty. Identification of isolate with 16S rRNA described that 99% of BAE36 and BAD211 isolates were similar to Lysobacter enzymogenes. Precipitation of chitinase enzyme of Lysobacter enzymogenes with 30% ammonium sulphate could increase the enzyme activity. The enzyme precipitation could inhibit the growth of mycelia fungi C. capsici and F. oxysporum.
Keywords: chili, chitinolytic, Gram-negative, Lysobacte
Taksasi Kehilangan Hasil oleh Penyakit Kerdil pada Kentang di Jawa Tengah
Get PDFPotato is one of economically important crops in Indonesia. However, its production fluctuates since there are some factors affecting the yield. Recently, we found dwarf disease at potato central production area in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Regencies in Central Java. So far, there is no information related to the yield loss caused by the dwarf disease on potato. Therefore, the research aimed to estimate the yield loss caused by the dwarf disease on potato in Central Java. The yield loss estimation was determined on some potato cultivations with different disease severities. The disease intensity was observed for five times with interval two weeks on six plots. The quantity and quality of potato yields, and selling price was calculated at the end of the observation and the correlation between the severity of disease and AUDPC (Area under disease progress curve) with yield loss was determined by regression and correlation analysis. The dwarf disease reduced plant height, individual and total tuber weight without affecting the number of tuber yield. The different of disease intensities in some area affected to the percentage of yield loss. The yield loss caused by dwarf diseases on individual potato plants up to 64.42%. Yield loss estimation caused by the dwarf disease in fields with different level of disease intensities ranged from 10.35-26.43%. Regression analysis between disease severities and yield losses showed the R square value at the level of 88.6% and a correlation at the level of 94.14%. These results indicated that the correlation between the severity of dwarf disease and yield loss is high.
Keywords: disease severity, potato yield, selling price, tuber qualit
Penentuan Wilayah Basis untuk Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap Ramah Lingkungan di Perairan Pulau Salahnama dan Pulau Pandang
Get PDFApproximately 34.1% of marine fish production in Tanjung Tiram, Batubara Regency comes from the waters of Salahnama Island and Pandang Island. The development of fishing effort in environmentally-friendly ways in the appropriate locations can guarantee the continuity of fish production and to provide a space for the development of the other management activities. The study aims to analyze the type of environmentally-friendly fishing effort and determine the location quotient for their developments in the waters of Salahnama Island and Pandang Island. The methods used were descriptive method, scoring analysis, and analysis of location quotient (LQ). The results showed that fish traps, hook and line, gillnet, and falling net were selected as environmentally-friendly fishing efforts. The location quotients for their developments are a) Fish traps in the east waters and north of Salahnama Island; b) Hook and line in the east waters of Salahnama Island and the north waters of Pandang Island; c) Gillnet in the east waters and north of Salahnama Island and the east waters of Pandang Island; and d) Falling net in the west waters of Salahnama Island and Pandang Island. The location quotient for development to their supporters are a) Port in the south area of Salahnama Island and the west area of Pandang Island and b) Fuel installation in the west area of Salahnama Island and Pandang Island.
Keywords: batubara, fishing effort, location quotient, environmentally-friendl
Aplikasi Amelioran Tanah dan MycoSilvi pada Falcataria sp. dan Ochroma bicolor Rowlee. untuk Reklamasi Lahan Pascatambang Pasir Silika
Get PDFOpen pit mining of silica sand causes some soil degradations and environmental impacts, such as lowering soil pH, lowering soil fertility, soil compaction, and toxicity of micronutrients such as Al, Fe, and Zn. The aim of this study was to analyze the soil properties of land post mining of silica sand and to analyze the growth response of Falcataria sp. and Ochroma bicolor by combination of soil ameliorant and MycoSilvi. The experimental design was split plot design of two treatment factors, MycoSilvi and soil ameliorant. The main plot is MycoSilvi that consist of two levels (MycoSilvi and without MycoSilvi). The subplot is soil ameliorant that consisted of six levels (compost 0 g, lime 0 g; compost 0 g, lime 1.56 g; compost 0 g, lime 3.12; compost 9 g, lime 0 g; compost 9 g, lime 1.56 g; compost 9 g, lime 3.12 g). The results showed that the soil ameliorant (lime 3.12 g and compost 9 g) and MycoSilvi was the best treatment to increase height, diameter, biomass, and mycorrhizal colonization of Falcataria sp. and O. bicolor.
Keywords: MycoSilvi, reclamation, soil amelioran
Penataan Rancangan Lokasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Terpadu Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor
Get PDFUntil now there has not been a centralized Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in IPB, even though there are wastewater treatments in several locations that are scattered in the campus area. Various activities on the Dramaga IPB campus have the potential to produce wastewater, such as laboratory activities, especially chemical and biological laboratories, canteens, offices, and dormitories. The existence of scattered laboratories requires a centralized and integrated WWTP. For this reason, mapping of wastewater distribution is needed to arrange the location of the wastewater treatment plant, within the campus. Interviews with the perpetrators of activities, measurement of wastewater quality, and sampling, were carried out at the work units producing wastewater on the campus of IPB. The distribution of wastewater was grouped according to the location of the work units producing waste and identified the types of waste produced (B3-dangerous and toxic and non-B3), then presented in a map. The map was used as a reference in determining the location of wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that each work unit contributes organic waste that was not too different, the source of inorganic and B3 wastewater distribution followed the location of the laboratory which was also quite scattered in the Dramaga IPB campus area. Based on the distribution of available waste, the presence of wastewater in the campus environment of IPB was divided into two regional groups. Therefore, the location of the wastewater treatment plant was directed at two locations, namely on the Northeast side (IPAL I) and the West side (IPAL II) of IPB campus.
Keywords: wastewater characteristics, wastewater distribution, wastewater treatment plan
Analisis Daya Dukung Lahan Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Daerah Aliran Sungai Cibaliung, Provinsi Banten
Get PDFAnalysis of carrying capacity of agricultural land for food crops is very important to do to determine the extent of the ability of agricultural land in supporting the fulfillment of the food needs of the population in an area. One problem in the Cibaliung watershed is the low ability of land to meet food needs so that residents cannot meet their needs independently. This study aims to determine the level of carrying capacity of agricultural food crops in meeting the food needs of the community in the Cibaliung River Basin (DAS) of Banten Province. Spatially, this study covered 2 regencies consisting of 15 districts within the scope of the Cibaliung watershed. The data used were secondary data taken from the Central Statistics Agency and the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Office of Pandeglang and Lebak Regencies. The results showed that overall based on 4-year data (for the period of 2013‒2016) the carrying capacity of the Cibaliung watershed agricultural land as a whole was still low. In addition, the optimal number of populations that is able to be supported by the available food needs is still smaller than the total population recorded in each district in the Cibaliung watershed. This shows that the Cibaliung watershed area has not been able to be self-sufficient in food and has not been able to provide a decent life for its residents. Therefore, certain efforts need to be made to increase the carrying capacity of food agricultural land in this area, for example by suppressing the population and improving the quality of agricultural land resources through efforts to conserve agriculture and diversify food crop species.
Keywords: agricultural land, carrying capacity, Cibaliung watershe
Strategi Pencegahan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Kubu Raya, Ketapang Selatan, dan Ketapang Utara di Provinsi Kalimatan Barat
Get PDFWest Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, is an area that is crossed by the equator and its territory is mostly peat area. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of losses due to forest and land fires and srategies for preventing forest and land fires in the Forest Management Unit (FMU) in West Kalimantan Province. This research was conducted from May to October 2018 in the FMU Kubu Raya, the FMU South Ketapang, and FMU North Ketapang. The research method used was descriptive method. Vegetation Data were measured with the stratified random sampling in 20 x 100 m transect. Social economic data were taken by using 30 respondents from 6 vilages with based on purposive sampling. Data analysis regarding losses due to forest and land fires was performed using the economic valuation value analysis while forest and land fires\u27 prevention strategies in the FMUs were determined using SWOT and IE (Internal-External) Matrix. The results showed that the area of forest and land fires reached 50 ha with a total loss of IDR 8 billion. Forest and land fire prevention strategies using SWOT were determined in the growing and developing parts with the implemented alternative strategies, i.e., intensive and integrative.
Keywords: economic valuation, forest management, peatland, SWOT, West Kalimanta
The Diversity of Insect in Paddy Field in Karawang, West Java with Different Pest Management Techniques
Get PDFThe practice of rice crop cultivation will affect the trophic structure and the diversity of insects that are formed. One of the common cultivation practices carried out by farmers was the control of pests by using pesticides. This study aimed to find out which pest management strategies that are effective in maintaining environmental health and understanding how natural enemies were affected by the application of synthetic pesticides. The first treatment was paddy field with integrated pest management (IPM), the second treatment was conventional rice field with a technique of chemical pest management (C-T), while the third treatment was mixed pest management (M-T). Insect sampling was conducted using sweep net, pitfall trap, and direct observation for 10 weeks after planting. Overall, it was found 100 morphospecies, 9 Orders, 56 families, with a total abundance of 6242 individuals per planting season. Based on functional roles it was found 39% as herbivores, 30% as predators, and 14% as parasitoids, 1% pollinators, and 13% decomposers. High insect diversity and abundance were found in the plots using low synthetic pesticides. The C-T control plot had a lower relative abundance of herbivorous insects, parasitoid insects, predators, and decomposers than the other control plots. H\u27 and D index in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Mixed Pest Management (M-T) plots did not show significant differences but differed significantly from the Chemical Control plot (C-T). Therefore, controlling the herbivore insects could apply the pest management based on IPM strategies.
Keywords: Diversity of insects, integrated pest management (IPM), natural enemies, pesticides, rice pest