Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Estimasi Produktivitas Serasah di Lahan Bera Womnowi, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari
Get PDFAspects of litter productivity in fallow land in Manokwari, Western Papua need to be investigated because litter has the potential to increase soil fertility. The objective of this research was to count and estimate litter productivity in 15 years-fallow land in Womnowi, Sidey District, Manokwari. We used litter trap of 1 m2 in size with 2 mm mesh size. Nine litter traps were set under tree species, three replications of each tree species which have higher Important Value Index (IVI). Litters were weekly taken and oven dried until reaching the constant mass. Result showed that the dry masses of litters are not significantly different among three species. If the productivities are constant and probabilities of litterfall are same, the estimates of Dractontomelon dao have dry mass productivity rate (DMP) reaching 10.32 ton ha-1 year-1, followed by 8.98 ton ha-1 year-1 for Pometia pinnata, and 7.96 ton ha-1 year-1 for Octomeles sumatrana. Dry mass percentage (DMP) decreased in the order of P. pinnata > D. dao > O. sumatrana. We found negative linear regressions about water content of litter (WCL) and DMP at P. pinnata and O. sumatrana, but not for D. dao. These negative linear regressions can be used to estimate the rate of decomposition of each species.
Keywords: linear regression, litterfall, secondary forest, soil fertility, Western Papu
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Jagung dan Diameter Die Ransum Bentuk Pelet pada Kualitas Fisik dan Performa Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate physical properties and nutritive values of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) diets using different screen sizes of ground corn and different die sizes of the pellet. The experiment was divided into two trials. The first experiment aimed to find the effect of different particles of corn and die sizes of pellet on the physical properties and quality of white rat diet. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments and 4 replications namely, P1 (screen 3 mm and die 4 mm), P2 (screen 3 mm and die 16 mm), P3 (screen 5 mm and die 4 mm), and P4 (screen 5 mm and die 16 mm). The parameters measured were Pellet Durability Index (PDI), Specific density, Loose Bulk Density, and compacted Bulk Density of the pelleted diet. The second experiment was feeding trial to measure the performance of the white rats fed the pelleted diets. A total number of 20 white rats were used and divided into four treatments of the first experiment and replicated 5 times. The parameter measured were feed intake, final body weight, as well as the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. Result of the experiments showed that the pellet durability index was significantly affected by the particle size of corn and the diameter of the pellet (P<0.01). In the feeding trial, the rats fed pelleted with the die of 16 mm resulted the highest feed intake (P<0.05). The P1 diet resulted the best physical pellet quality whereas P2 resulted the best performance of the experimental rats fed the pelleted diet. It can be concluded that to produce the best pelleted diet of rat, the ingredients should be ground with 3 mm screen size and the pellet was produced with the die diameter of 16 mm.
Keywords: die diameter, particle size, pellet durability index, pellet physical quality, white rat
Penerapan Teknik Elektrokoagulasi dalam Pengurangan Bahan Organik Air Limbah Kegiatan Perikanan
Get PDFElectrocoagulation is one of physical techniques in waste-water treatment that applicable for organic waste from aquaculture. This research aims to determining the effectivity of electro-coagulation technique with different electrical voltages and duration consumed in waste-water treatment. The treatments used two electrical voltage levels (6 dan 12V) and four different durations of time consumed (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). The result showed the changes of water quality. Decreasing values shown by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at the voltage of 12V and duration of 60’ (in about 82,89%); orthophosphate at the voltage of 12V and duration of 45’ (67.49%); turbidity at the voltage of 12V and duration of 60’ (69.65%); color at the voltage of 12V and duration of 60’ (70.49%); Total Suspended Solid (TSS) at the voltage of 12V and duration of 15’ (31.90%); and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) at the voltafe of 12V and duration of 60’ (10.31%). Furthermore, increasing values were found in parameters of free ammonia at the voltage of 12V and duration of 15’ (291.09%); ammonium at the viltyage of 12V and duration of 30’ (8.85%); and pH at the voltage of 6V and duration of 60’ (16%). The best treatment in improving water quality of treated organic waste from aquaculture was the voltage of 12V for 30 minutes.
Keywords: electro-coagulation, organic materials, water quality, waste-water treatmen
Pendugaan Luas Daun Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta)
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Estimation of leaf area by using leaf length and leaf width variables could be done without destruction of the leaves from plants and more practical than using the leaf areameter. Surface area is a function of the variable length and width, so the leaf area can be measured based on leaf length and leaf width variables. The purpose of this research is to get the leaf area estimator model with nondestructive method. Taro plants were observed by using 12 accessions/varieties taken from the germplasm collection in Gene Bank Collection of ICABIOGRAD, IAARD. Observations of the length, width, and area of leaf were carried out on 10-12 leaf samples for each accession/variety from taro cultivation which was about 4 months old. The length (P), width (L), and area (Y) of each taro leaf were measured. The estimation of taro leaves area by regression equation was analyzed by using one (P or L) and two (P and L) independent variables. Estimation using two variables, leaf length and width, is better than only use one variable. Taro leaf area (Y) of each leaf can be determined by the equation Y = 0.9462 P x L for ratio of P/L less than 1.10, Y = 0.9109 P x L for ratio of P/L between 1.10-1.19, and Y = 0.8860 P x L for ratio of P/L equal or greater than 1.20.
Keywords: model estimation, leaf area, tar
Pengelolaan Ekosistem Lamun untuk Keberlanjutan Populasi Kuda Laut di Desa Sebong Pereh, Kabupaten Bintan
Get PDFThis research is about studying ecosystems that was designed to analyze the relationship between seagrass ecosystem, environmental competition, and seahorse participation to analyze the distribution of seagrass ecosystems and the abundance of sea horses, and to analyze seahorse-based ecosystem management strategies. This research was conducted in March–June 2017. The determination of the research station was based on purposive sampling technique. Retrieval of seagrass ecosystem data was conducted using a quadrant with the size of 50 x 50 cm transect. Seahorse data were collected using visual census on seagrass transect with a plot of 100 x 100 cm. The relationships between environmental parameters, seagrass ecosystems, and seahorses were calculated using XL Starting 2015. Management of seagrass ecosystems was analyzed using SWOT. Analysis of seagrass included type, density, and INP. Seahorse analysis calculated the abundance of seahorse. The results found 6 species of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoraides (Ea), Thalassia hemprichii (Th), Halophila ovalis (Ho), Syringodium isoetifolium (Si), Cymodocea serrulata (Cs), and Thalassodendron ciliatum (Tc) with a density that covered sea horse abundance, and INP which had several types of roles in the research location. The management is carried out with the objectives of sustainable resources.
Keywords: seagrass ecosystem, seahorse, Sebong Pereh Villag
Evaluasi Penerapan Good Manufacturing Practice dan Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure pada Rumah Pemotongan Hewan Unggas di Bogor
Get PDFMicrobial contamination in chicken meat is caused by unsanitary practices during slaughtering in poultry slaughtering house. Poultry slaughtering house need to apply Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure (SSOP) system to produce the standard microbial requirements of meat. This study was aimed to evaluate the implementation of GMP and SSOP and categorize 30 slaughtering houses located in Bogor. Observation was carried out in 4 modern slaughtering houses (RPH-U) and 26 traditional slaughtering houses (TPH-U). Parameter evaluation was determined based on the Indonesian national standard SNI 01-6160-1999 and the veterinary control certificates which consisted of eight aspects of GMP and six aspects of SSOP. The categorization was clustered in five levels. The results showed that modern slaughtering houses were categorized into 1st and 2nd level, whilst traditional slaughtering houses were categorized into 2nd and 3rd level. The highest incompliance of GMP in modern slaughtering house was the waste treatment aspect (31%) and in traditional slaughtering house was the cold storage presence aspect (95%). The highest incompliance of SSOP in modern slaughtering house was the sanitation facilities and avoiding cross-contamination aspect (21%) and in traditional slaughtering house was the cleanliness of food contact surface aspect (97%). There are some recommendations for improvement the fulfillment of GMP and SSOP aspects based on the critical parameters.
Keywords: chicken meat, Good Manufacturing Practice, modern slaughteringhouse, Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure, standard slaughteringhouse
Arthropoda yang Berasosiasi dengan Tanaman Refugia pada Pertanaman Padi di Desa Besur, Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur
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Rice farmers in Besur Village planted four species of refugia plants around rice plants to enhance biological control as a part of Healthy Plant Management Program. These refugia plants were flowering plants i.e., Cosmos sulphureus, Helianthus annuus, Zinnia elegans, and Sesamum indicum. The objective of this research was to observe the Arthropods associating with these refugia plants. This research was conducted in December 2017 to March 2018 at Besur Village, Lamongan District, East Java Province. Samples were obtained from each refugia species by branches beating, sweep net, pitfall trap, and direct observation method in the vegetative, generative, and postharvest periods paddy plant. The results showed that Arthropods associated with refugia plants are mostly belong to the order of Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Araneae. Detritivore group was the most abundant in all periods. Analysis of the diversity and similarity of all refugia species showed moderate to high values with high similarities each other.
Keywords: beneficial insect, flower, healthy plant management, integrated pest management, paddy fiel
Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pendapatan Karyawan dengan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keamanan Pangannya pada Tempat Makan di DKI Jakarta
Get PDFFood safety is an important aspect of consumption behavior, especially for employees in the office. Lack of food safety knowledge and awareness can endanger the health and reduce the productivity of employee. This study aims to describe the level of food safety knowledge and attitudes of employees at food stalls as well as their preferences for lunch at office environment, determine the effectiveness of information media as a source of food safety information and also the role of the government in food safety education and food safety supervision at food stalls. This study used an online questionnaire with 405 respondents who work in the DKI Jakarta. The data collected were analyzed statistically using the SPSS program. The results showed that the characteristics of the employees, such as education level and nett income level, had an effect on the food safety knowledge level and food safety attitudes at the food stalls. Most of employees (87,7%) have a good level of food safety knowledge and 67,7% of employees also have a good level of food safety attitude at food stalls. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that the level of food safety knowledge and attitude at food stalls was correlated with the level of education and nett income. Most of the employees (37,8%) choose the canteen as a place to eat in the office and some choose food stalls (16,0%) and restaurants (10,1%). Information media considered effective enough for spreading the information of food safety according to employees was social media.
Keywords: attitudes, consumption behaviour, employees, food safety, knowledg
Potensi dan Karakterisasi Fisiologis Bakteri Endofit Asal Tanaman Kakao Sehat sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Benih Kakao
Get PDFThis study aimed to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates originated from healthy cacao plant, potential for plant-growth promoting of cacao seedlings. This study was carried out in the Phytopathology Laboratory Unit of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) using ten isolates of endophytic bacteria from healthy cocoa plants as treatments, plus a control treatment. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse using seed treatment and planted in seedling boxes, containing sterile rice-husk charcoal as a growing medium. The result showed that three endophytic bacteria tested (isolates 2RPR1, 2RWB2, and 5BRB3) were potential as plant growth-promoting of cocoa seedlings, because the isolates were able to increase seed germination up to 96.67%, relative growth rate up to 90-96.67%, increased plant height up to 47.85-67.17%, root dry weight up to 35.08-52.63%, and canopy dry weight up to 97.71-108.46%. The superiority of the three isolates were related to their abilities to fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphate, as well as to produce indole acetic acid.
Keywords: cacao, endophytic bacteria, plant growth-promoting agent, seed viabilit
Produksi Serasah Musiman pada Berbagai Spesies Mangrove di Pesisir Kabupaten Muna Barat, Sulawesi Tenggara
Get PDFMangrove litter production is important in the displacement of organic matter from mangrove vegetation to water such as in the coast of West Muna Regency. However, one factor influencing it is the frequency of rainfall. This research, therefore, aims to determine the influence of the frequency of rainfall in mangrove ecosystem by obtaining data through the fractional wet weight. The results showed that the biomass fraction with the largest amount were Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba with of 31.59; 31.07; and 30.96%, respectively, while the lowest was Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with of 30.07; 30.10; and 31.95%, respectively. The species with the largest leaf litter production was Bruguiera cylindrica, with of 1.72 g.m-2.day-1 which occurred in April and the lowest was Rhizophora apiculata, 0.24 g.m-2.day-1 in August. The species with the largest leaf litter production was Bruguiera cylindrica, 1.96 g.m-2.day-1 which occurred in May and the lowest was Sonneratia alba, 0.29 g.m-2.day-1 in August. In addition, the species with the largest fruit litter production was Rhizophora apiculata, 1.76 g.m-2.day-1 in April and the lowest was Sonneratia alba, 0.32 g.m-2.day-1 in September. The total litter production was 18,75 g.m-2.day-1 consisted of 6,69 g.m2.day-1 leaf litter, 6,54 g.m-2.day-1 branch litter, and 5,52 g.m-2.day-1 fruit litter. The higher the frequency of the rain, the greater the litter production.
Keywords: biomass fraction, seasonal litter production, West Muna Regenc