Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Karakterisasi Sifat Fisikokimia Sereal Berbasis Tepung Beras Merah Pecah Kulit
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to formulate cereals from red rice, red beans, and sesame into the right food as a food consumed at breakfast and characterization of its physical chemistry. The cereal was made by extrusion method using an extruder with a temperature of 130°C and a rotating speed of auger, screw, and cutter 50 Hz. This study used a completely randomized design with 9 formulas. Based on the Bayes method, the best formula was F8 with a composition of brown red rice (85%), red beans (10%), and sesame (5%) cereals contained a total phenol compound of 0.10± 0.01 mg GAE/g, water content of 7.35±0.58%, ash content of 0.02±0.00%, protein content of 10.85±0.29%, fat content of 1.77±0.08, and carbohydrate content of 80.01±0.79%.
Keywords: breakfast cereal, brown rice, red beans, red rice, sesam
Mutu Beras dan Nasi Jagung Putih Lokal Varietas Anoman 1 dalam Kemasan Edibel dengan Ketebalan Berbeda
Get PDFRice is a staple food for most Indonesian population. Nowadays, people want staple foods that are not only filling but also do not increase blood sugar concentration (low glycemic index). One of foods that contain higher starch, lower glycemic index, and higher fiber than rice is white corn. The white color of the corn is an advantage because if it is made in grits it can resemble rice. Weakness of white corn is harder than rice. To soften and make it easier to consume, it is coated with an edible packaging made from tapioca. The purposes of this study were to study (1) the quality of dried corn rice from local white corn Anoman 1 variety in edible packaging with packaging thickness of 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 mm; (2) the quality of cooked white corn rice produced. The results showed that the thickness of the edible packaging significantly affected (1) the moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents of dried white corn rice and (2) all parameters of cooked white corn rice (a = 0.05). The best cooked corn rice based on the stickiness test was found in coated dried corn rice with edible packaging with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Characteristics of (1) dried white corn rice contained 11.39% water, 0.21% db ash, 15.23% db protein, 0.53% db fat, 72.64% carbohydrates, 2.11% crude fiber, (2) the quality of cooked of white corn rice were 18.17 g / mm2 stickiness, yellowish color (score 1.1), slightly distinctive aroma of corn (score 2.5), slightly fluffier texture (score 3.4), and rather strong sweet taste (score 2.8).
Keywords: edible packaging, local white corn Anoman 1, rice, stickiness, tapioc
Analisis Pemasaran Komoditas Cabai Rawit Merah di Desa Brajan, Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Klaten
Get PDFKlaten District is one of the producers of red cayenne pepper in Indonesia. Brajan Village is one of the villages in Prambanan District that produces red cayenne pepper. Brajan Village has a strategic location, which is near the border of Central Java province, so it has a very diverse marketing channel for red cayenne pepper. The number of marketing channels affects the price at the consumer level which affects the marketing margin. This research aims are: to analyze the comparison of member farms with non member farmer groups of red cayenne pepper, to analyze the channels and functions of the red cayenne pepper marketing, and to analyze the efficiency of the red cayenne pepper market in Brajan Village, Prambanan Sub-District, Klaten District. The analysis methods used are income analysis, R/C ratio analysis, analysis of channel and function marketing, marketing margin analysis, farmer\u27s share analysis, B/C ratio analysis, and analysis of price transmission elasticity. The results showed that the income of red cayenne pepper farming at the cash cost of member farmers and non-member farmer groups are profitable. Income on total costs to member farmers is profitable, while non member farmers are losses. There are 12 marketing channels for red cayenne pepper in Brajan Village, and the marketing channels in the form of farmers to sub district collectors to retail traders to final consumers are the most efficient marketing channels.
Keywords: B/C ratio, farmer\u27s share, marketing channel, marketing margin, price transmission elasticit
Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Tindakan Petani Upsus dalam Mengendalikan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Padi
Get PDFThe Special Efforts Program (Upsus) is an Indonesian government program to increase production/productivity of lowland rice to support the realization of food self-sufficiency. The Upsus targets are to increase the planting index by 0.5 and productivity by 0.3 tons/ha/GKP. The increase in planting index is achieved by the expansion of added planting, but the increase in productivity has not been reached optimally due to pest and disease attacks. The objective of this research was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of Upsus farmers in controlling pests and diseases, rice cultivation techniques, and implementation of Upsus in Karawang District. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 60 farmers in Tempuran and Tirtajaya Sub-District at Karawang District. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling with the consideration of respondent being an active farmer, having at least 5 years of farming experience, and has ben a member of Upsus for at least 1 year. Most respondents have age in the range of 41-60 years, the highest education of elementary school, and have farming experience for 5-10 years. Pests and diseases are the biggest problems faced by the farmers. Upsus farmers used Ciherang and Inpari 32 varieties and the applications of pesticides were conducted according to the schedule. Most of the farmers could not distinguish between pests and diseases. The dominant pest and disease control carried out was the use of chemical pesticides.
Keywords: diseases, pesticides, pests, Upsu
Efek Residu Kacang Hijau Pertanaman Pertama pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Tunggak Pertanaman Kedua di Lahan Kering
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to determine the residual effect of fertilizer and former plant spacing of mungbean first planting on growth and yield of cowpea second planting in a dry land. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Research Field, Probolinggo, East Java during dry season in 2015. The cowpea seeds of KT 5 varieties were planted in plots measuring 4 m x 4,5 m with plant spacing of 40 cm x 15 cm, 2 plants/hole. This research was carried out without adding fertilizer (fertilizer application only given on mungbean planting). This experiment was laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. Plant spacing of mungbean as the main plot, namely 1) former of 40 cm x 10 cm, 1 plant/hole (J1); 2) former of 40 cm x 15 cm, 2 plants/hole (J2); and 3) former of 40 cm x 20 cm, 2 plants/hole (J3). Residual combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers as the sub plot, namely 1) former without fertilizer (R0); 2) former of 50 kg ZA + 50 kg SP-36 + 100 kg KCl/ha (R1); 3) former of 150 kg Phonska/ha (R2); 4) former of 5000 kg organic fertilizer/ha (R3); and 5) former of 75 kg Phonska + 2500 kg organic fertilizer/ha (R4). The results showed that the cultivation of cowpea with R3 and R4 treatments had effects on shoot and roots dry weights. The highest cowpea yield was obtained with J3 and R4 treatment of 1,62 t/ha and the highest biomass was obtained with J3 treatment of 5,92 t/ha, but statistically not significantly different from the other treatments.
Keywords: cowpea, dry land, residual fertilize
Pemetaan Jasa Ekosistem Mangrove pada Wilayah Rehabilitasi di Pesisir Sayung, Kabupaten Demak
Get PDFThe mangrove ecosystems on the coast of Sayung Sub-District provide huge benefits to the community. However, this region experienced a very severe coastal erosion during the last few decades. Also, information about mangrove ecosystem services is still very limited in this region. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to map the balance of mangrove ecosystem services on the coast of Sayung Sub-District, Demak District. Data were collected from three coastal villages, namely Bedono, Timbulsloko, and Surodadi, through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and field observations. The data analysis was carried out using the Burkhard model approach, which involved an ecosystem service matrix, made up of a matrix of capacity, demand, and availability. The results showed that in all components of provisioning service, there was a surplus of availability. In regulating services, there were low surpluses in the components of carbon sequestration and water bioremediation services, while low deficits were found in the service components of reduce wave and current damage, and protecting from sea water intrusion. Then, in cultural services, the two components, shelter for rest area and recreation, experienced a surplus of availability. Mangrove rehabilitation needs to be continued to increase mangrove cover, given the availability of regulating services on components related to erosion prevention in the balace sheet tends to be deficit.
Keywords: Burkhard Model, ecosystem services, mangrove ecosystem, Sayung coasta
Dinamika Produktivitas Padi, Harga Eceran Beras (HEB), dan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah (HPP), serta Korelasi antara HPP dan HEB
Get PDFRice is the staple food for most of the population of Indonesia. The government set the HPP (government purchasing price) to trigger the increased productivity of rice in the country as well as to improve the welfare/income of farmers. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of rice productivity, the dynamics of HPP and HEB (retail price of rice), and to analyze the correlation between the productivity of rice, HPP of grain, and HEB in Java in the period of 2010-2014. The analysis showed that in 2010-2014, rice production tended to fluctuate, while the HPP and HEB tended to increase every year, but it is known that there is a correlation between the HPP of grain and HEB in Java.
Keywords: productivity, rice, government purchasing price, retail price of rice, Java Islan
Spesiasi Aluminium Terlarut dan Sifat Kimia Ultisol yang Diameliorasi dengan Dolomit dan Lignit-Teraktivasi
Get PDFPhytotoxicity of soil aluminum (Al), both directly to the plant growth as well as indirectly through the increase of soil potential acidity, is closely related to the occurrence of various soil soluble-Al species. Amongst them, Al3+ and monomeric-Al species are the primary causes of Al phytotoxicity in soils with high Al content. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of soil amelioration with dolomite and base-activated lignite (BAL) on changes in soluble-Al species and other soil chemical properties, and vegetative growth of soybean (Glycine max Merr) on Ultisol of Jasinga (Al-dd 16,03 cmol(+)/kg). A green house experiment was conducted by applying a Completely Randomized Design with dolomite and BAL amelioration as the treatments, each with three levels of repectively 0, 1, 1,5 x exchangeable-Al and 0, 2,5, 5 tons BAL ha-1, and three replications. The ameliorants were incubated at field capacity of soil moisture content for one week before planting soybean for one month. Soil soluble-Al speciation was carried out using colorimetric aluminon method to determine concentrations of total soluble-Al, monomeric-Al, and polymeric-Al species. Monomeric-Al were further speciated into inorganic monomeric-Al and organic monomeric-Al species. The results revealed that only dolomite amelioration that significantly increased soil pH-H2O, pH-KCl, Ca- dd, Na-dd, and decreased exchangeable-Al concentration, except for those of all soluble-Al species that only showed a decreasing trend. Soil exchangeable-Al that was negatively and significantly correlated with soybean measure parameters were plant height, root length, total roots and shoots wet and dry weights, as well as Ca concentration. These results indicated that soil Al phytotoxicity evaluation could be relied on the result of routine analysis on soil exchangeable-Al concentration.
Keywords: exchangeable-Al, inorganic monomeric-Al, organic monomeric-Al, polymeric-A
Pertumbuhan dan Mortalitas Ikan Endemik Opudi (Telmatherina prognatha Kottelat, 1991) di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFLake Matano is an ancient lake that has a high endemicity. Opudi fish (Telmatherina prognatha) is an endemic fish that is vulnerable to extinction and needs to be preserved. The threat of invasive species and habitat degradation can cause a decrease in opudi fish populations. This study aimed to examine the growth parameters associated with growth coefficients and mortality in Lake Matano so that population can be sustainable. The study was conducted at Lake Matano from March 2018 to February 2019. Samples of fish were caught using a net bag measuring 30 m long, 2 m wide with a mesh size of 0.5 inches. Analysis of fish growth was based on total length-frequency data. These data were analyzed using the FISAT II software. The sizes of male and female opudi fish obtained ranged from 30-70 mm. Growth patterns of von Bertalanffy butina in male fish are male Lt = 76.50 [1-e-0.46 (t + 0.47)] and female fish Lt = 74.05 [1-e-0.51 (t + 0.52)]. The total mortality value of male fish was higher (Z = 1.65) compared to female fish (Z = 1.50), the natural mortality value of male opudi fish was lower (M = 0.84) compared to that of female fish (M = 0.91).
Keywords: endemic fish, growth, mortality, Telmatherina prognath
Kecukupan Nutrien dan Prevalensi Parasit Cacing pada Sapi Bali di Lahan Gambut
Get PDFPeatlands have specific characteristics with waterlogged conditions, fragile, and less fertile. The level of peatlands fertility dependent on depth peat and the distance from rivers. This study was aimed to evaluate nutrient adequacy and prevalence of worm infestations in the gastrointestinal tract of Bali cattle that maintained in different peatland categories. The research was conducted in Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan. The site was determined by purposive sampling and divided into 3 categories peat swamp, shallow peat near the river, and shallow peat away from the river. The data were collected by survey method and laboratory analysis. The variables observed included forage quality, nutrient intake, the number of infected cows, and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The results showed that each category of peatland have different feed quality and nutrient adequacy (P<0.05). The nutrient intake in the peat swamps was relatively higher than that of other sites. In general, the nutrient adequacy of cattle raised in the peatlands area was still below the standard requirement. In all peatland categories, the occurring of Ca deficiency in the diet was pronounced. The highest prevalence of parasitic worms infection was found in cows raised in peat swamps. Bali cattle that maintained in different peatland categories generally showed different responses in nutrient adequacy and prevalence of parasitic worms infection.
Keywords: Bali cattle, nutrient adequacy, parasitic worm, peatlands, prevalenc