Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Pengaruh Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu terhadap Efisiensi Teknis Kedelai
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the impact of Integrated Crop Management (PTT) on technical efficiency. PTT is a government program undertaken in an effort to increase soybean productivity. PTT program is done by applying technology in the use of input management of soybean production. The method used in this research is using Stochastic Frontier (SFA) method with Cobb-Douglas production function. The location of this research is in Nganjuk District, East Java. Based on the results obtained that soybean farmers in Nganjuk district on average have been technically efficient. However, the soybean farmers program that PTT has a higher technical value compared to soybean farmers who do not follow PTT. The production input factors that affect production are superior seed, labor, fertilizer, and pesticide. While socio-economic factors are extension, landowner status, and number of family dependents.
Keywords: PTT, soybean, stochastic frontier, technical efficienc
Penyimpanan Mahkota Nanas dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh pada Pertumbuhan Setek Basal Daun Asal Mahkota
Get PDFThe availability of pineapple seedlings in the field is a problem in the development of Smooth cayenne pineapple because of limited sources of planting material compared to the other types. Effort that can be done to solve the problem is to use the method of crown leaf-bud cutting. Propagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L) with the method of crown leaf-bud cutting is not optimum so it can be optimized; one of them is by giving the duration of storage treatment and application of plant-growth regulators. The experiment was aimed to study the effect of crown storage duration and plant growth regulators on the growth of pineapple seedlings. The experiment was arranged in a nested plot design. Duration of crown storage for 2 (control), 10, and 20 days in room conditions at a temperature of 29-35°C and humidity of 46-70% as the main plot. The subplot was combination of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with the concentrations: IBA 300 ppm and BAP 400 ppm, IBA 300 ppm and BAP 600 ppm, IBA 400 ppm and BAP 400 ppm, as well as IBA 400 ppm and BAP 600 ppm. The results of the experiment showed that the leaf-bud cuttings which stored for 10 days 57.34% were survived, 57.15% were sprouted, and 51.62% were rooted, while the control that survived, sprouted, and rooted did not reach more than 30%. The content of endogenous ABA in the crown leaf-bud shoots decreased significantly after being stored for 10 and 20 days, while the contents of endogenous auxins and cytokines were not different from the controls. Application of IBA 400 ppm combined with BAP 400 and 600 ppm increased the percentages of survived and sprouted cutting 1.5-1.7 times compared to control.
Keywords: auxin, cytokines, exogenous hormone, endogenous hormone, vegetative propagatio
Studi Pengembangan Jagung Berkelanjutan melalui Integrasi dengan Sapi di Tuban, Jawa Timur
Get PDFBiji-bijian dan daging adalah dua komoditas penting di Indonesia. Jawa Timur adalah sentra produksi utama kedua komoditas tersebut sehingga perlu diusahakan keberlanjutannya. Permasalahan dalam produksi jagung adalah peningkatan harga input pupuk anorganik dan keterbatasan ketersediaan bahan tersebut. Permasalahan produksi ternak adalah keterbatasan pakan. Biomas batang, daun, kelobot, dan tongkol sebagai produk samping jagung dapat digunakan menjadi pakan ternak. Sebaliknya, kotoran sapi dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pupuk. Integrasi kedua sistem ini menjadi peluang untuk keberlanjutan produksi. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberlanjutan produksi jagung dan sapi di Tuban, Jawa Timur melalui penentuan skala dan tingkat keterpaduan integrasi. Survei terhadap 23 orang petani anggota Kelompok Tani Makaryo, Desa Waleran, Kecamatan Grabagan dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengusahaan jagung dan sapi. Untuk mengetahui efisiensi pemupukan, di lahan kelompok tani dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan empat dosis urea, yaitu 0, 100, 200, dan 300 kg/ha, dengan pupuk dasar 300 kg NPK Phonska dan 10 ton pupuk kandang. Skala integrasi yang dapat dilaksanakan oleh satu rumah tangga petani adalah 1 ha jagung dengan 2 ekor sapi dengan tingkat keterpaduan ekologis 1,1; ternak sapi memasok pupuk kandang untuk 1,1 ha kebun jagung. Penggunaan urea sebanyak 200 kg menghasilkan biji sebanyak 6.890 kg dan penerimaan tertinggi sebesar Rp21.288.000. Urea dihemat 100 kg ha-1 atau 9.651 ton untuk luas tanaman jagung 96.505 ha/tahun di Tuban. Secara ekonomis, integrasi peternakan sapi dengan kebun jagung dapat menghemat input luar sebanyak Rp230.000/ha atau Rp20.651 miliar/tahun. Pertanian jagung yang terintegrasi dengan sapi dapat mewujudkan pertanian berkelanjutan bermasukan luar rendah.
Kata kunci: bermasukan luar rendah, biomas, integrasi, pakan, pupuk kandan
Keanekaragaman Mikrob Fungsional Rizosfer Nanas dengan Berbagai Tingkat Produktivitas
Get PDFFunctional microbes of rhizosphere play important roles in nutrient transformation and controlling disease as well as in supporting plant growth and development. However, there is no study on the role of functional microbes on pineapple productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the abundance and diversity of soil functional microbes at different growth phases at two levels of productivity and their correlations to disease incidence. The research process included sampling of pineapple rhizospheric soil from vegetative and generative phases pineapples at low and high plant productivity sites, observations of disease incidence, and isolations of functional microbes. Functional groups of bacteria were Azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, antibiotics-producing bacteria, IAA-producing bacteria, and chitinolytic bacteria. The soil sampling method was simple randomized sampling at 6 locations with an area of each location ± 5 ha with a depth of 20 cm. Rhizosphere were taken in plants grown in high productivity area (>60tons/ha) and low productivity area (<60 tons/ha) in vegetative and generative phases. The results showed that potassium-solubilizing bacteria, chitinolytic bacteria, and IAA-producing bacteria were more abundant during the generative phase compared to those during vegetative phase. While Azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and antibiotic-producing bacteria were more predominant during vegetative phase at various crop productivy. Total density of microbes was higher in soil with high crop productivity than that in soil with low crop productivity. The abundance of chitinolytic bacteria and IAA-producing bacteria had negative correlation with disease caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi and Phytophthora cinnamomi.
Keywords: chitinolytic bacteria, growth phase, IAA, pineapple diseas
Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) dengan Lama Waktu Penyulingan yang Berbeda
Get PDFThe leaves of pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) are known as food flavor and can be extracted to produce essential oil. Extraction of its essential oil is usually conducted by distillation method that would give added value for this plant. This study aimed to study the effect of different durations of distillation process on the essential oils yield and quality of pandanus using water and steam distillation method. The method used in this research was experimental method with descriptive analysis. This research used five variants duration of distillation, which was repeated two times. The duration of distillation consisted of 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, and 10 hours. The parameters observed to determine the best treatment consisted of the amount of yield produced and the quality parameters including specific gravity, refractive index, acid number, solubility in ethanol 90%, and ester number. Based on the results of the research conducted, distillation to produce the best yield is the duration of 8 hours with a yield value of 0.55%, while distillation to produce the best quality is the duration of 6 hours with a specific gravity of 1.0563 g/mL, refractive index 1.3473, the acid number was 3.274 mg KOH/g, solubility in ethanol 90% (1:1), and ester number of 96.06 mL HCl/g.
Keywords: essential oil, pandan wangi, water and steam distillatio
Karakteristik Hidrologi dan Pengelolaannya dengan Model Hidrologi Soil and Water Assessment Tool Sub DAS Cisadane Hulu
Get PDFOne of the priority watersheds to be managed in Indonesia is the Cisadane watershed due to the high degradation problems. The Cisadene watershed degradation could be indicated by a high river flow during rainy season, low baseflow in dry season, and high erosion and sedimentation. One of the main problems in the Cisadane watershed is a huge landcover changes in the Cisadane Hulu watershed that causes a decrease in water absorption region and a surface runoff. The study aimed to analyze landcover changes in the Cisadane Hulu Watershed during 2013-2018 and analyze the watershed conditions based on their hydrological characteristics. Analysis of landcover changes patterns was carried out by processing spatial data using GIS software. Analysis for hydrological characteristics was conducted by using SWAT modelling (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The results showed that there were land cover changes during 2013-2018. The most significant landcover changes in the Cisadane Hulu watershed was residential area (455.95 ha). The result simulation scenario of the model SWAT showed scenario 2 was the best scenario for the management of the Cisadane Hulu watershed. The application of Soil and Water Conservation can decrease surface runoff by 32.1% and increase lateral flow by 8.89%. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this SWAT model simulation will be taken into consideration by the local government for the optimal management of the Cisadane Hulu watershed.
Keywords: Cisadane watershed, land cover change, SWAT modellin
Sifat Kayu Lapis yang Dibuat dari Lima Jenis Kayu Asal Riau
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of plywood made of punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq.), meranti bunga (Shorea teysmanniana Dyer ex Brandis), mempisang (Alphonsea spp.), suntai (Palaqium burckii H.J.L.), and pasak linggo (Aglaia argentea Blume). Liquid urea formaldehyde (UF) was used as an adhesive. Data analysis was carried out using a completely randomized design. Results showed that the moisture content and density of plywood produced in this study were around 10.4-10.95% and 0.65 to 0.93 g/cm3, respectively. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of plywood produced were between 63.371-123.548 kg/cm2 and 517-1.052 kg/cm2, respectively. It was also found that the tensile strength and bonding strength of the plywood produced were 461.6-1.095 kg/cm2 and 18.97-31.79 kg/cm2, respectively. It was recorded that moisture content and the bonding strength of the plywood produced met the Indonesian National Standard of Plywood. Among others, plywood produced from pasak linggo showed a superior quality. Referring to statistical analysis, it was confirmed that physical and mechanical properties of plywood were significantly affected by wood species, except moisture content.
Keywords: mechanical properties, physical properties, plywood, Riau wood specie
Efek Color Retention Agent pada Mi Basah dengan Pewarna Alami Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annuum L.) pada Karakteristik Fisikokimia
Get PDFThere are many innovations in wet noodle processing with color variations. One of wet noodle processing innovations is the use of natural dyes such as fruit or vegetable dyes. The essence of red chilies can be used as a natural dye for wet noodles. Natural dyes dissolve easily during the boiling process, therefore color retention agents can be added in the processing and expected to be able to retain the red color of chilies in wet noodles. This study aims to determine the effect of adding color retention agents on physicochemical characteristics, namely moisture content, color resistance, texture, and vitamin C content in wet noodles. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments of color retention agents each with 4 repetitions. The treatments applied were T0: without the addition of a color retention agent, T1: ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), T2: citric acid (C6H8O7), T3: magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH2)), and T4: magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). The test results were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if there is a significant effect at the 5% significance level, then proceed with the Duncan Multiple Region Test to determine the differences between treatments. All data analyses were calculated by using a computer program SPSS 21.0 for windows. Data from the test for vitamin C content were analyzed using Microsoft Excel through graphical analysis. The results is addition of color retention agent treatment to wet noodles with natural dyes from chilies had a significant effect on the color resistance, moisture content, texture, and vitamin C content of wet noodles. T4 wet noodle is the best wet noodle treatment in maintaining the red color with the physical characteristics according to SNI.
Keywords: color retention agents, noodles, red chil
Induksi Kalus secara In Vitro dari Daun Cengkeh (Syizigium aromaticum L.) dalam Media dengan Berbagai Konsentrasi Auksin
Get PDFClove is an important commodity in Indonesia and it is used as a main material for cigarettes. Clove propagation can be conducted by generative method, but this method takes a long time to produce a considerable number of seedlings. To overcome such problem, it can be applied a tissue culture technique. An effort has been conducted to induce calli from sliced clove leaves and performed at Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University from June-November 2016. The aim of this experiment was to determine the most suitable type and concentration of auxins for callus induction of sliced clove leaves via in vitro culture. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design with six treatments, namely 0.25 ppm 2.4-D; 0.50 ppm 2.4-D; 0.75 ppm 2.4-D; 0.25 ppm NAA; 0.50 ppm NAA; and 0.75 ppm NAA. Parameters observed consisted of the speed or time of appearance, the percentage, color, and texture of calli. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and differences between mean treatments were determined by Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level. The results of this experiment indicated that the type and concentration of auxin most suitable for callus induction of sliced clove leaves was culture medium supplemented with 0.75 ppm 2.4-D. In such medium composition, it was obtained the quickest callus formation, namely average 4.22 WAC with the percentage of callus formation was up to 100%. In general, the colors of calli were white, yellowish white, and brown; with the textures of formed calli were soft, compact, and intermediat.
Keywords: callus formation, clove, growth hormone, tissue cultur
Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Pemanfaatan Makroalga di Pesisir Pulau Tunda
Get PDFMacroalgae is one of the marine biological resources that has a potential to be utilized further by humans. This research aims to study macroalgae diversity and utilization potency by humans in the coastal area of Tunda Island. The study was conducted at 4 stations using the belt transect method. Results of this study indicated that there were 15 species of macroalgae found that came from 3 macroalgae classes, they were chlorophyceae, phaeophyceae, and rhodophycea. Macroalgae species that are often found are Padina minor, Halimeda macroloba, and Gracilaria salicornia. The highest macroalgae diversity was found at station 3 with a value of 2.44. Based on the type of macroalgae found in the field there are several macroalgae species that can be utilized, and the lack of information causes the low macroalgae utilization by the local community.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Gracilaria salicornia, Halimeda macroloba, macroalgae, Padina mino