Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Identifikasi dan Uji Patogenisitas Colletotrichum spp. dari Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum): Kasus di Kricaan, Magelang, Jawa Tengah
Get PDFThe investigation of the agent causing diseases is the first step to determine and control the spread of diseases. Anthracnose causing fruit rot on the red pepper in Indonesia that reduces the yield up to 90%. Colletotrichum is reported as the causative fungal agent of anthracnosis on the red pepper. This study aims to determine the type of Colletotrichum spp. pathogenic fungi on the red pepper collected from Agricultural Field Kricaan, Magelang, Central Java. Methods of identification included macroscopic and microscopic characterization and followed by determining the pathogenicity of the pathogenic agent. In this study, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum are identified as the causative agents of anthracnose in the red pepper collected from the study location. C. acutatum PC3 strain is identified as the most virulent pathogenic agent.
Keywords: anthracnosis, diagnosis, diseases, symptoms, pathoge
Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Sand Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra)
Get PDFSand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is an aquatic product that belongs to Echinodermata, a habitant in almost all Indonesian seas. The main component of the sea cucumber is protein, one of which is collagen. This study aimed to extract and characterize collagen from the species using the acid-base extraction method. The characterization of sea cucumber collagen includes molecular weight, amino acid components, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. This study has successfully extracted collagen from the sample using an extraction system: NaOH 0.1 M; CH3COOH 0.1 M; and distilled water under 45°C treatments, gave 6% yield. The collagen has a molecular weight 110-130 kDa. Based on the infrared spectra, the specific functional groups of the collagen are amide A (3379.29 cm-1), amide B (2924.09 cm-1), amide I (1681.93 cm-1), amide II (1560.41 cm-1), and amide III (1249.87 cm-1). The collagen falls into type I. We suggest an alternative resource of collagen from sand sea cucumber, other than poultry and mammals.
Keywords: characterization, collagen, extraction, fishery, sand sea cucumbe
Produktivitas Rumput Hamil (Panicum maximum cv Hamil) yang Ditanam Menggunakan Benih Berbeda
Get PDFReproductive traits determine the selection method in plant breeding. The benggala grass of the Hamil cultivar was thought to be apomictic; thus, a study was conducted to determine its reproduction. The research began by studying the morphological characters, continued with observing the generative phase and seed production of the cultivar planted from seeds (generative) and from pols (vegetative). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Animal Production. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with ten replications, and the treatments were different types of plant materials: seeds and pols. The Hamil cultivar taken from RIAP Collection was planted in pots with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm. The results showed that most of the morphological characters of the Hamil cultivar planted from seeds and from pols were not different (P >0.05), so it was presumed that they were apomictic. The difference in morphology was only in the length and width of the flag leaves and the length of the internodes, where the cultivars planted using seeds were higher. The production of seeds, pithy seed weight, and seed germination of cultivars planted using seeds were higher (P <0.05). Further research is needed to determine the apomixis properties based on cytologically Hamil cultivars.
Keywords: apomixis, benggala grass, morphology, plnting material; see
Prospek Pengembangan Usaha Handline Tuna di Perairan D.I. Yogyakarta: Tinjauan Sumber Daya dan Investasi
Get PDFIn 2018, tuna production in D.I. Yogyakarta reached 371.66 tons, of which 75-82% were captured using the handline. The dominance of the tuna caught has led to the development of the handline that highly dependent on the potential of tuna resources. Investment prospects are also important because they become a reference for investors in investing in the tuna handline busineses. This study aims to analyze the potential of tuna fish resources including the spread of its fishing ground and analyze the feasibility of developing tuna handline buseneses in the waters of D.I. Yogyakarta. The data of this study were analyzed using the Schaefer model, mapping using geographic information system (GIS), and investment feasibility analysis. The potential of tuna fish production in the waters of D.I. Yogyakarta reached 628,53 tons/year, while the average production was 427,32 tons/year, so it is still prospective to be developed. Potential fishing ground for tuna handline was spreaded in the waters of Bantul Regency until the western border waters of Gunung Kidul Regency, and in the eastern waters of Gunung Kidul Regency. The tuna handline was also prospective to be developed its investment in D.I. Yogyakarta. The value of NPV, IRR, ROI, and B/C ratio of tuna handline were very good, i.e., IDR 425,121,064; 36.49%; 9,36; and 1.22 respectively.
Keywords: fish resource, geographic information system, investment, the waters of D.I. Yogyakarta, tuna handlin
Pengaruh Pemberian Sumber Silikon pada Sifat Kimia dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi pada Tiga Jenis Tanah
Get PDFSilicon (Si) has an important role in the growth of rice plants and some soil chemical properties. However, Si still receives less attention, because there is still little information about the importance of Si for rice plants and not many researches have been done on the use of Si in rice plants. This condition causes the farmers do not practice the use of Si as a fertilizer that eventually removal or release of silica from the soil solum. One source of Si that can be used as a fertilizer is trass. Currently, the trass has been widely used by the community as the basic material for making bricks. However, the use of trass as a source of Si in agriculture is not widely known. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of trass on rice plant growth and soil chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of trass addition on soil chemical properties and rice growth. The experimental design used was a separate plot where three types of soil, namely oxisol, inceptisol, and vertisol as the main plot and seven doses of trass were 0 (D0); 1.25 (D1); 2.5 (D2); 3.75 (D3); 5 (D4); 7.5 (D5); and 10 (D6) g kg-1 of soil as sub-plots. The treatment was a combination of these two factors and was repeated 3 times to obtain 63 experimental units. The results showed that the administration of trass significantly increased pH, available P, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, and significantly decreased available Fe and Mn. Meanwhile, the provision of trass also significantly affected plant height, namely 91 cm, and the number of tillers, namely 21 stems.
Key words: chemical properties, rice, silicon, tras
Kondisi Biometrik Kerang Darah, Tegillarca granosa, di Pesisir Pantai Utara Kota Banda Aceh
Get PDFThe blood clam, Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the economically important aquatic organisms. Therefore, information related to biometric conditions is crucial as preventive and responsive efforts to manage blood clams. This study aims to analyze the biometric condition of blood clams collected from the northern coast of Banda Aceh City. Blood-clam samples were collected from three locations, namely Alue Naga, Tibang, and Deah Raya. A total of 300 blood clams were observed. The biometric parameters included the distribution of length and weight classes, the relationship between length and weight, condition factors, ratios, and correlations between total weight, meat weight, and shell weight were measured. The results showed that the majority of blood clams found in Deah Raya were in the smaller length and weight classes (30-32 mm and 12,25-17,24 g) compared to those found in Alue Naga (33-35 mm and 17,25-22,24 g) and Tibang (42-44 mm and 22,25-27,24 g). Despite having identical growth patterns (negative allometric) and condition-factor values, the blood clams collected from Alue Naga had higher meat weight ratios than those collected from the other two locations. The correlation values between the weight of the meat and the total weight of the blood clams collected from Deah Raya tends to be lower than those of blood clams obtained from Alue Naga and Tibang, which are 0,55; 0,81; and 0,78, respectively.
Keywords: biometric, environmental factor, Deah Ray
Polimorfisme g.-371T>A Promotor Gen Miostatin pada Sapi Pedaging Indonesia
Get PDFMyostatin (MSTN) gene acts as a negative regulator of muscle growth. The aim of the present study was to identify polymorphism of g.-371T>A in promoter region of MSTN gene in Indonesian beef cattle. Blood samples were collected from 191 cattle, including Bali (BL) (42), Madura (MD) (20), Pesisir (PI) (17), Katingan (KT) (16), Ongole grade (PO) (22), Pasundan (PD) (14), Sumba ongole (SO) (10), Brahman (BH) (17), Simmental (SM) (15), and Limousin (LM) (18). Polymorphism of MSTN gene was analyzed using PCR-RFLP (DraI) and direct sequencing methods. Results of genotyping g-371T>A were polymorphic (TT, TA, and AA genotypes) in Simmental, SO, and Katingan. The frequencies of alleles T and A were 0.83; 0.90; 0.97 and 0.17; 0.10; 0.03 respectively. The values of Ho and He were 0.06–0.20 and 0.06–0.28, respectively. The results of this study are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05). Whereas in PD, MD, PI, PO, BH, LM, and BL were monomorphic (TT genotype). The result of sequencing the promoter region of MSTN gene found that mutations transversion was occurred in T to A at g.-371. It was concluded that g.-371T>A of MSTN gene was polymorphic which was potential to be used as genetic markers of muscle growth in SM, SO, and KT cattle.
Keywords: SNP g.-371T>A of MSTN gene, Sumba ongole cattle, Katingan cattle, Simmental cattl
Pemberian Insektisida Alami dari Ekstrak Nanoemulsi Daun Ketumpang (Tridax procumbens L.) untuk Pengendalian Perilaku dan Kematian Ulat Krop (Crocidolomia pavonana F.) padaTanaman Sawi
Get PDFKetumpang (Tridax procumbens L.) contains bioactive compounds that can be used as natural insecticides. To reduce particle size, the extracts were prepared using nanoemulsion techniques. This study aims to determine the effect of nanoemulsion of intercropping leaf extract on behavior and mortality of crop caterpillars on mustard plants. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of seven treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of, K- = Administration of nanoemulsion extract at a concentration of 0% (K-), P1 = Administration of nanoemulsion extract at a concentration of 5%, P2 = Administration of nanoemulsion extract at a concentration of 10%, P3 = Administration of nanoemulsion extract at a concentration of 15 %, P4 = Administration of nanoemulsion extract at a concentration of 20%, P5 = Administration of nanoemulsion extract at a concentration of 25%, and K + = Administration of the chemical insecticide deltamethrin at a concentration of 0.04% as a positive control. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analysis of variance, as well as further tests at α=0.05. The results showed that administration of nanoemulsion ketumpang leaf (Tridax procumbens L.) extract caused behavioral changes (eating, resting, and moving) of caterpillar crop which became inactive and increased mortality of crop caterpillar. Nanoemulsion extracts of overlap leaves could be used to control crop caterpillars.
Keywords: crop caterpillars, ketumpang leaf, mustard, nanonemulsio
Ketergantungan Tiga Jenis Tanaman Kehutanan terhadap Mikoriza pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Pasir Silika
Get PDFOne effort to support the success of reclamation and rehabilitation of ex-silica sand mines is to improve the quality of seedling planted with mycorrhizal inoculation. Each plant has a mycorrhizal dependency which varies depending on the plant species and the level of soil fertility. This study aimed to analyze the mycorrhizal dependency of Kadam (Anthocephalus cadamba), Red Sengon (Albizia chinensis), and Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) grown on soil growing media from post silica sand mining and amended with compost and lime. The study used completely randomized design with a split plot design consist of two factors, first factor was mycorrhizal inoculation in the form of MycoSilvi inoculum, consisting of two levels and the second factor was soil ameliorant in the form of lime and compost consisting of six levels, each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that the treatment of lime and MycoSilvi addition showed the highest percentage of mycorrhizal dependency on Kadam, Red Sengon and Kaliandra seedlings, which were 76, 62, and 59% respectively. The addition of lime and compost decreased the degree of relative mycorrhizal dependency of three plants species tested, in line with increasing available P in soil growth medium.
Keywords: mycorrhizal dependency, MycoSilvi, post mined soil, soil amelioran
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) pada Ketinggian Tempat yang Berbeda
Get PDFGalanga (Kaempferia galanga L.) is one of the potential medicinal plants with high demand. Therefore, galanga cultivation was still quite promising. To obtain the optimum growth and high rhizome production, the superior galanga accessions are required. The optimal growth and high production of galanga accessions will be obtained if cultivated at the area with appropriate altitude. The purpose of the study was to obtain galanga accession with a better growth and high yield at the area with a suitable altitude. This study used split-plot design; altitude as a main plot and accession as a subplot. The location as a main plot consisted of altitudes of 214 and 780 masl. This study used seven accessions i.e., accession of PBG (Purbalingga), CLP (Cilacap), PWJ (Purworejo), KRA (Karanganyar), PCT (Pacitan), MAD (Madiun), and GAL2 (Galesia 2) as control. The results showed that different altitudes significantly affected the total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, dry weight, and rhizome yield. The number of leaves was influenced by altitude and accession of galanga. The interaction between altitude and accession of galanga significantly affected the leaf area and the soluble sugar concentration in the galanga rhizome. The rhizome yield at low altitude was higher than in high altitude. PBG (Purbalingga) and PWJ (Purworejo) accessions have the potential to be developed in locations with an altitude of 214 masl.
Keywords: altitude, Kaempferia galanga, rhizom