Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Perencanaan Penggunaan Lahan Berbasis Sumber Daya Air di Hulu DAS Cisadane
Get PDFPerubahan penggunaan lahan adalah salah satu penyebab terjadinya ketidakseimbangan antara ketersediaan dan kebutuhan air. Perubahan penggunaan lahan ini sejalan dengan perkembangan wilayah dan laju pertumbuhan penduduk pada suatu daerah yang akan menyebabkan kebutuhan air terus meningkat. Daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Cisadane Hulu merupakan sumber air baku bagi masyarakat Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor, baik untuk kegiatan domestik maupun nondomestik sehingga perlu dipertahankan fungsi hidrologisnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji ketersediaan dan kebutuhan air, mengkaji neraca air di DAS Cisadane Hulu, serta menyusun rekomendasi perencanaan pengelolaan lahan yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di DAS Cisadane Hulu pada tahun 2019. Analisis kebutuhan air menggunakan SNI 19-6728.1-2002 dan metode FJ Mock digunakan untuk mengetahui ketersediaan air serta penyusunan skenario perencanaan penggunaan lahan dalam memprediksi total limpasan. Terdapat enam skenario yang diterapkan yang meliputi 1) Penggunaan lahan eksisting pada tahun 2018, 2) Penggunaan lahan sesuai RTRW Provinsi Jawa Barat, 3) Rencana teknik rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan (RTk-RHL), 4) Implementasi fungsi kawasan hutan di Hulu DAS Cisadane, 5) Kombinasi antara skenario 2, 3, dan 4, dan 6) Aplikasi teknik agroforestry pada lahan pertanian/perkebunan berlereng curam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air di Daerah Tangkapan Air (DTA) Cianteun adalah sebesar 108.952.291 m3/tahun dan di DTA Cisadane Hulu sebesar 308.733.311 m3/tahun, serta ketersediaan air berdasarkan debit andalan periode 10 tahun di DTA Cianteun sebesar 248.584.986 m3/tahun dan di DTA Cisadane Hulu sebesar 301.882.316 m3/tahun. Hasil neraca air membuktikan bahwa ketersediaan air pada DTA Cianteun mengalami surplus sebesar 139.632.695 m3/tahun, sedangkan pada DTA Cisadane Hulu mengalami defisit sebesar -6.850.995 m3/tahun.
Kata kunci: kebutuhan air, ketersediaan air, limpasan total, skenario perencanaan penggunaan laha
Parameter Genetik Hasil Persilangan Jagung Bersari Bebas untuk Mendapatkan Galur Berbiji Ungu
Get PDFCorn (Zea mays) is a cereal crop and has become a staple food. Purple corn has more excess compared to corn in general. In addition, purple corn has high nutrient content and anthocyanin levels. This study aims to determine genetic parameters such as variability, heritability, and genetic advance of the F2 generation resulting from an open-pollinated hybridization. The research was conducted from January 2020 to June 2020 on the Research and Experimental Field of the Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Bangka Belitung. The work used a single plant design. The lines used were derived from the results of the previous selection stage. The results showed that the phenotype variability was relatively wide on the weight character of ear cobs with cornhusk, and the cob weight without cornhusk. High heritability values are found in the characters of harvest age, age of male flowering, and age of female flowering. The value of expected genetic advance for high expectations is found in the characters of plant height, the row number of seeds, the weight of 100-seeds, and the weight of cob with cornhusk. The selection results suggest nine corn lines that can be used for the next generation selection.
Keywords: corn, expected genetic advance, heritability, purple, variabilit
Dampak Kebijakan Tarif dan Non-tarif Negara-Negara Importir atas Ekspor Tuna Olahan Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the impact of the tariff and non-tariff policies implementation of the importing countries on the export performance of Indonesian processed tuna. A cross-sectional gravity model analysis was conducted to find out the impact of these policies on exports. The variables used include GDP per capita of the importing countries, population, economic distance, export prices, actual exchange rates, tariff policies, and non-tariff policies in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBT). The estimation shows that the variables of GDP per capita of the importing countries, population, exchange rates, export prices, and SPS give a positive and significant effect on the trade of Indonesian processed tuna commodities. On the other hand, economic distance and TBT policy give a negative and significant impact on the volume of this particular commodity. Meanwhile, the tariff policy implementation also give a negative effect on the export volume, but it is not significant.
Keywords: cross sectional gravity, export performance, non-tariffs, tariff
Sistem Pengembangan Asuransi Usaha Ternak Sapi/Kerbau di Provinsi Aceh
Get PDFCow/buffalo-business insurance (AUTS/K) is a form of risk mitigation for livestock businesses run by farmers. Various risks that are often occurred include livestock death, natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and livestock theft. If not handled properly, it can threaten the sustainability of this business, especially the small-scale livestock-business sector. This study aimed to formulate a developing system of cattle/buffalo-livestock insurance using the soft-systems methodology (SSM) approach. This research was conducted in Aceh Province from December 2020 to February 2021 using an expert survey by collecting data and information through parties who have competence or expertise in the field being studied. The development of this insurance system can be said to be an effort to improve and a solution to any problems currently being experienced in the implementation of AUTS/K. The result of improvements includes optimizing the roles of each party involved and program innovation to intensify AUTS/K products among breeders. The results showed that the SSM approach could describe the problem well and form a conceptual model for the AUTS/K system in Aceh province. Improvements to policies, assistance, and promotion systems are recommended as solutions to the problems related to livestock-insurance system implemented.
Keywords: breeders, conceptual model, insurance system, soft-systems methodology, syariah insuranc
Strategi Kesiapan Koperasi dalam Digitalisasi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat
Get PDFKUD Tunas Muda is one of the cooperatives active in using information technology to serve the needs of its members, especially related to oil palm activities. However, not all palm oil activities have been carried out through digitization. This paper aims to provide an overview of the readiness of the KUD located in Riau Province in digitizing smallholder oil palm plantations, which include activities in preparing inputs, cultivation, marketing, and receiving payments. This study also aims to analyze strategic priorities that cooperatives can carry out in digitizing smallholder palm oil. This study uses two methods in its analysis, namely descriptive analysis, and analytical hierarchy process. Based on the study, cooperative management is quite prominent in initiating and building digital systems in services for their members. This is because the KUD already has experience in digitalization, although the function is still limited. According to the analysis, the prioritized strategy is to increase the understanding of oil palm farmers, especially among members, in using digital technology and information to support the digitalization of oil palm plantations.
Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, cultivation, information technology, KUD Tunas Muda, smallholder plantatio
Ethnobotany of Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) in Tuamese Village, East Nusa Tenggara
Get PDFLontar is a plant that distributed in tropical areas and has beneficial values for the people in Tuamese Village, Biboki Anleu District, North Central Timor Regency. However, the information about the ethnobotany of lontar is not documented. This research aimed to determine the utilization of lontar in Tuamese Village. Data were collected using semi-structured interview techniques and field observation. The ethnobotany data were analyzed to calculate cultural significance index value. The results showed that the people in Tuamese Village who generally work as lontar farmers use stem, leaves, flowers, and fruit as building and fence materials, handicraft materials, food and drink ingredients, and firewood. Product from sap flower, namely liquid sugar, slab sugar, and traditional fermented drink (sopi) are the leading trade commodity. The utilization of lontar in Tuamese Village is grouped into seven forms of utilization with index of cultural significance 151 and classified very high. The classification means that lontar greatly affects people\u27s lives in Tuamese Village and its use has become cultured. People\u27s dependence on lontar is very high so the conservation effort needs to make the existence of lontar is maintained.
Keywords: index cultural significance, lontar, Tuames
Sterilisasi Komersial Cassava Chunk pada Kemasan Hermetis Standing Pouch dan Perubahan Sifat Fisikokimianya
Get PDFPeople’s lifestyles nowdays tend to want healthy-practical food that is strongly supported by a healthy diet. Cassava as whole food is considered as a healthy food and has the potential to become rice substitute but needs an appropriate technology to facilitate food serving. In this research, ready-to-eat cassava products then called "cassava chunk" were made by applying canning technology using retort pouch packaging. The achieved value of the heat adequacy (F0) is very important in the canning process to ensure food safety. Therefore, this study aimed to produce cassava chunk product as a whole food, optimize the size and amount of brine in the sterilization process, determine the F0 value after blanching and non-blanching treatments, as well as to analyze the chemical characteristics of fresh cassava and cassava chunk. The sterilization was done by using a pressure cooker with a specially designed basket using hermetic retort pouch packaging. The initial characterizations showed that fresh cassava had a pH of 6.70 and 0.9 aw at 24.6°C. The addition of 20% (b/v) 1% brine solution in the sterilization process with 3 x 2.5 cm cassava chunk was the most preferred by the panelists. The sterilization process with blanching treatment before being packaged reached an F0 of 3.43 minutes, which was safe to consume, and with non-blanching treatment before being packaged reached an F0 of 2.73 minutes. The proximate analysis of cassava chunk showed an increase in the water content from 60.89% to 68.44%, the starch content increased from 74.43% to 80.41%, the soluble dietary fiber decreased from 6.78% to 3.34%, but the fat content decreased from 1.54% to 0.65%. Meanwhile, ash, protein, and insoluble dietary fiber did not show any significant differences after the sterilization. Sterilization technology could produce ready-to-eat cassava chunk as a whole food and was acceptable by 45 organoleptic panelists.
Keywords: cassava chunk, whole food, proximate analysis, F
Karakter Fisiologi dan Hasil dari Tanaman Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) Pada Perlakuan Pemupukan Fosfat dan Mikoriza
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine phosphate fertilizer and mycorrhiza dosages as well as the interaction of both treatments to the physiological character and the yield of ciplukan plants. The experiment was carried out from February to July 2020 on an experimental farm. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design, consisted of two factors. The first factor was the dose of SP-36 fertilizer, containing 36% phosphate (P2O5), and the levels were P0 = 0% dose (0 kg/ha), P1 = 25% dose (75 kg/ha), P2 = 50% dose (150 kg/ha), and P3 = 100% dose (300 kg/ha). The second factor was the mycorrhizal dose, namely M0 = 0 g, M1 = 3 g, M2 = 6 g, and M3 = 9 g (containing 10 spores per 3 g). Each treatment combination was in triplicates. The measurement and observation data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (F-test), followed by Duncan\u27s multiple range test with P-value = 0.05 and regression. The results showed that application of 75 kg/ha dose was equivalent to the application of 300 kg/ha. P uptakes at 75 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha dose of fertilizer were 22,03 ppm and 23,18 ppm, respectively. The plant growth rate was 12,39 g/cm2/week on the application of 75 kg/ha fertilizer and resulted in 14,24 g/cm2/week on 300 kg/ha dose. The mycorrhiza application was significantly different from the root infection at a dose of 6 g, namely 49.177%. There was an interaction between the dose of SP-36 fertilizer and the mycorrhiza on leaf chlorophyll content at a dose of 0% and 3 g mycorrhiza.
Keywords: Physalis angulata, mychorrhiza, phospate fertilizer, physiological character and yiel
Keanekaragaman Serangga Fitofag pada Sengon Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes dari Jawa dan Hawaii di Persemaian di Bogor
Get PDFAlbizia (Falcataria moluccana) cultivated in Indonesia for timber plantations can increase the farmer’s income, even though albizia became an invasive alien species that can cause the economic and ecological losses. The controlling of invasive species using biological control is an effective method. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytophagous insects on albizia from Java and Hawaii in seedling in Bogor. The experiment was conducted in Carangpulang, Dramaga, Bogor. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design using seed origin as a treatment (albizia Java and Hawaii) with 4 replicates. Total number of tree sample was 160 trees. Observations were conducted every 2 weeks until 32 weeks after planting. Identification of insects was conducted in the Laboratory of Insect Biosystematics, IPB. A total of 67 phytophagous insects were collected, 57 species in albizia from Java and 54 species in albizia from Hawaii. There was no difference in abundance and diversity of phytophagous insects on albizia from Java and Hawaii. Larvae of Eurema blanda (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) became an important pest causes leaf defoliation. Furthermore, Hulodes caranea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Margarodes sp. (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), Choristoneura sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Adoxophyes sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) identified as important pests that have not been reported in the other research.
Keywords: albizia, defoliator insect, Fabaceae, important pests, invasive alien specie
Preferensi Habitat Ikan Gabus [Channa striata (Bloch 1793)] di Perairan Rawa Aopa, Sulawesi Tenggara
Get PDFThe use of habitat by fish is closely related to efforts to find the best conditions for the survival of these fish. This study aims to analyze the habitat preferences of Striped snakehead in Rawa Aopa waters, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019 in the waters of Swamp Aopa Southeast Sulawesi. Fish collection using traps. The constancy and fidelity index determined the preference of striped snakehead for habitat type. A total of 1024 striped snakehead fish were caught during the study with a length range of 200,0-420,0 mm and 69,0-596,0 g weight. Striped snakehead measuring 200-367 mm were consistent in occupying habitats with a slightly dense to dense water plant density, while sizes 368-388 and 389-430 mm were consistent in habitats with sparse water plant density. The preference level of striped snakehead fish size 389-430 mm to habitats with rare aquatic plants is very high (Fij = 6). Therefore, the size can be used as an indicator of habitats with the rare aquatic plant category. The preference for 200-367 mm striped snakehead fish in dense aquatic plant habitats indicates that these habitats are foraging, growing, and protective zones.
Keywords: Channa striata, fish habitat, Rawa Aopa, Southeast Sulawesi, stripe snakehea