Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Status Daya Dukung Lahan untuk Keberlanjutan Pangan di Kabupaten Klungkung
Get PDFLand is an essential component for the sustainability of human life. Population growth and urbanization affect the availability of land in an area. Therefore, the land never increases, but the need for land continues to grow every year, converted to housing and other facilities. As an area that continues to develop, Klungkung Regency has decreased the availability of land due to development and investment activities, especially tourism investment and the construction of other supporting facilities for tourism and regional development. Therefore, the availability of land in Klungkung Regency continues to experience pressure, which impacts the ability to provide food. This study aims to determine land requirements, land availability, and land carrying capacity status in Klungkung Regency, which the policy-makers can consider to support food sustainability in Klungkung Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach using primary data from direct observations in the field and secondary data from government and previous research. The results show that the carrying capacity of land in the Klungkung Regency is in deficit based on the projections for 2021 to 2030. In overcoming the land deficit, it is necessary to increase land productivity by using land effectively and technology transfer to increase food productivity.
Keywords: carrying capacity, food sustainability, Klungkung Regency land conversio
Struktur Komunitas, Cadangan Karbon, dan Estimasi Nilai Ekonomi Mangrove di Muara Sungai Musi
Get PDFMangrove ecosystem services, aside for the fisheries sector, also have ecosystem services in mitigating climate change as carbon sinks and storage. Musi river estuary located in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra has the potential of mangrove forests as carbon reserves. The purpose of the study is to analyze the community structure, potential carbon stocks, and economic value of mangroves in the Musi River Estuary. Data were collected at five stations using the 100 m quadratic transect method vertically to the coastline. Data analysis was conducted based on the allometric equation for biomass information, carbon storage, and the economic value of carbon stores. Mangrove ecosystems in the Musi River estuary are Sonneratia alba, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia casiolaris, and Rhizopora apiculata. Mangrove species that have important roles in the sustainability of ecosystems are Nypa fruticans and Sonneratia alba each with IVI of 145.6 and 101.28, respectively. Carbon storage of mangrove in the Musi river estuary is 107.34 tonC / ha and carbon dioxide absorption is 393.59 tCO2 / ha with a mangrove area of ± 5276 ha. The total estimated economic value of carbon generated from mangrove are Rp174.441.016.895 (free market) and Rp455.872.524.151 (CDM).
Keywords: carbon, mangrove, Musi river estuar
Tebang Pilih Mengubah Keanekaragaman Semut Tanah Hutan di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
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This study assesses the short-term effects of selective cutting on the diversity of ground ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the secondary rainforest. Ground ants were collected using a pitfall trap in a circular sample plot of 0.5 ha. A total of nine sample plots were randomly placed in a 98-ha cutting compartment. Fifteen pitfall traps were planted in each circular plot. A total of 135 pitfall traps were established in the cutting compartment. The average cutting intensity of 8 trees/haas applied in the cutting compartment. Insect sampling and measurement of environmental factors were carried before cutting and two days after cutting. In this study, the abundance, diversity, species richness, and evenness index of ground ants before cutting compared to after cutting. The results of this study indicated that the short-term impact of selective cutting on ground ants was varied. Selective cutting may increase or decrease the abundance and morphospecies composition of ground ants. The abundance of forager and ground-dwelling omnivores increased after selective cutting, whereas for the predator, scavenger, and seed disperser ants were decreased after selective cutting.
Keywords: biodiversity, forest conservation, ground ant, selective cuttin
Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Karakteristik Hidrologi DAS Citarum Hulu
Get PDFThe Citarum watershed is one of the priority watersheds due to problems of critical land, flooding, erosion, and sedimentation which continue to increase every year. As the main catchment area that contributes to maintaining the availability of water resources, the upstream Citarum watershed continues to experience a reduction in forest and an increase in built-up land. A research aimed to analyze land use changes to the hydrological characteristics was carried out at the Watershed. The methods used include interpretation of SPOT image data, analysis of land use changes, and determining the values of KRA and KAT. The results of the analysis of land use change conditions in 2009-2018 saw a reduction in forest area (-5.5%), rice fields (-17.4%), and shrubs (-60.8%). Land use increased in built up land (39.7%), dry land agriculture (13%), plantations (6.4%), and open land (95.5%). The highest discharge occurred in 2010 at 606,3 m3/second and the lowest discharge in 2012 was 4,3 m3/second. The KRA and KAT values of the Upper Citarum watershed were moderate and very high. The multiple linear regression model of the relationship between land use changes that affect river flow fluctuations is Y = 2380.5 + 0.9 rainfall -206.5 forest + 6.1 build-up area -31.8 dryland agriculture + e. Other factors that influence the increase in river discharge are the slope of land slopes, rainfall patterns, and inadequate land use methods.
Keywords: hydrological characteristics, landuse change, Upper Citarum watershe
Produksi Rumput Laut (Gracilaria verrucosa) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Jarak Tanam dan Bobot Bibit di Tambak Desa Tlogosadang, Kecamatan Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the highest production of planting Gracilaria verrucosa wich is cultivated in the ponds of Tlogosadang Village, Paciran Sub-District, Lamongan District by treating different spacings and initial seed weights. The cultivation method used was longline with a distance of 25 cm between longlines. The treatments were given in the form of spacings of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, while the treatments of seed weights were 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g. Treatments were carried out in a pond measuring 20x5 m with a water depth between 90-102 cm depending on the tides. Sampling was conducted every 7 days for 50 days of maintenance by weighed, controlled, and measurement water quality. Before planting seaweed, pond preparation were carried out which included drying, liming, fertilizing to filling the water. This study used a Completely Randomized Factorial (CRF) Design consisted of two factors, namely spacing and seed weight, each with three levels. Data analysis used One-Way ANOVA showed that the treatment of spacing and seed weight gave a very significant difference (P <0.01), so it was continued with the Orthogonal Polynomial Test to see trends. The test results showed that the highest seaweed production was found at a spacing of 20 cm and a seed weight of 50 g, namely 2423.7 g/m. The water quality as a support for the growth of seaweed measured during the study showed that the waters ware classified as good and suitable for the cultivation of Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed.
Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, longline, seaweed, seed weight, spacin
Potensi Bahan Alami dalam Menekan Produksi CH4 dan N2O dari Tanah Sawah
Get PDFLow nitrogen efficiency is one of the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions could be controlled by nitrification inhibitors (NI). However, NI that has been commercialized is expensive. Therefore, some natural materials should be developed as NI that is low cost, easy to use, low N2O and CH4, and eco-friendly. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of natural NI on the production potential of CH4 and N2O from paddy soil. The experiment in the laboratory was arranged in a factorial design (2 × 7 × 3 replication). The first factor was soil types (inceptisols and vertisols), and the second factor was natural NI (control, Cocos nucifera, Camellia sinensis, Coffea robusta, Curcuma domestica, Ageratum conyzoides). The results showed that the average CH4 production from the natural NI in the inceptisols and vertisols ranged 0,014-1,710 mg CH4 g soil-1 and 0,002-0,337 mg CH4 g soil-1, respectively. Application of natural NI reduced 32-69% CH4 production compare to control. Redox potential affected CH4 production. The chemical compound of the natural NI affected CH4 production in the soil. The application of coffee waste, coconut husk, tea waste, and Ageratum conyzoides reduced 60,71; 54,61; 64,83 dan 64,16% of N2O production in Inceptisols compare to control, respectively. Application of natural NI could contribute to save the environment because it decreased GHG production in paddy soil.
Keywords: greenhouse gas, inceptisols, incubation experiment, natural nitrification inhibitors, vertisol
Cara Tanam dan Pemupukan Tanaman Kacang Hijau di Lahan Kering Iklim Kering Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Get PDFThe intercropping method is one way to maximize plants and soil\u27s utilization in a dry land. This study aimed to determine the cultivation (cropping methods and fertilization) that could increase mungbean grain yield in dry land in the dry climate of East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The experiment was conducted at dry land in a dry climate in Laipori Village, Pandawai District, East Sumba Regency in 2017. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot was a cropping pattern, namely (1) intercropping mungbean with maize. Mungbean plant spacing was 30 cm ´ 20 cm, two plants per hole, and maize plant spacing was (50 cm ´ 50 cm) ´ 120 cm, one plant/hole and (2) mungbean monoculture with a plant spacing of 40 cm ´ 10 cm, two plants/hole. The subplot was dosage and type of fertilizer, namely (1) 150 kg Phonska/ha, (2) 5000 kg cow manure/ha, and (3) 75 kg Phonska + 2500 kg cow manure/ha. The mungbean variety used was Vima 1, and the maize variety was Bima. The results showed that intercropping mungbean with maize could increase the yield of mungbean seeds yield by 0,28 t/ha (51,85%) and increase the mungbean biomass by 0,31 t/ha (22,30%) compared to the monoculture system. Different types and dosages of Phonska inorganic fertilizer and cow manure did not cause differences in the mungbean yield.
 
Respons Fisiologis Ayam KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) dan Ayam Walik dengan Haplotipe Gen HSP70 Berbeda yang Terpapar Cekaman Panas Akut
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the physiological response of acute heat stress in Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) and Walik chickens with four different HSP70 gene haplotypes (H1\u27, H1, H2, and H3). Acute heat stress is carried out at 35°C for one hour. The data was analyzed based on rectal temperature measurements, distribution of body surface temperature (head, neck, body, and leg area), hormone levels (corticosterone and triiodothyronine), and time of panting. Body surface temperature is detected using infrared thermography. The results showed that haplotype H1 Walik chicken is more susceptible to heat stress based on the rectal temperature. In contrast, H1\u27 haplotype Walik chicken released more heat through the body surface in the leg area.
Keywords: heat stress, hormone, KUB chicken, infrared thermography, walik chicke
Pengelolaan Perikanan Skala Kecil di Perairan Pesisir Kota Semarang
Get PDFOverfishing can occur in open access fisheries, where fishermen conduct fishing activities without restrictions. Fisheries management based on biological factors alone (Maximum Sustainable Yield approach) is considered inadequate because it does not consider socio-economic aspects in fisheries management. The study aims to analyze the utilization of small-scale fishery resources in Semarang City and determine its policies to be sustainable. Bioeconomic analysis was used to optimize the utilization of fishery resources. Small-scale fisheries management strategic policies, used analysis of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The results showed utilization of small scale fishery resources in Semarang City can be achieved with optimal production of anchovy (Stolephorus spp.) 1,477.79 tons/year and optimal effort of 324 units; optimal production of Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) 235.96 tons/year and optimal effort of 516 units; optimal production of mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) 28.51 tons/year and optimal effort of 479 units; and optimal production of Petek (Leiognathus sp.) 25.54 tons/year and optimal effort of 847 units. In conclusion, the Anchovy (Stolephorus spp.) resources have experienced overfishing since 2007-2008; Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) resources overfishing occurred from 2009-2015; and Petek (Leiognathus sp.) resources have experienced overfishing since 2014-2016; while Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) resources have not experienced overfishing because they are not the main target. The key sub-elements of small-scale fisheries management in Semarang City include: a) fishermen; b) Semarang City Fisheries Agency; c) overcapacity; d) decreasing catches; e) environmentally unfriendly arrests; f) ineffective regulation; g) conservation fish resources; h) increasing fishermen\u27s income; i) limitation environmentally unfriendly fishing gear.
Keywords: bioeconomic, fisheries, management, MEY, Maximum Sustainable Yiel
Peranan Pergerakan Air Dalam-Tanah dalam Menurunkan Aliran Permukaan
Get PDFThe main cause of flooding and erosion that creates critical land in various regions in Indonesia is surface runoff. The surface runoff will occur if rainfall exceeds the capacity of soil water absorption (infiltration capacity). The soil management of each land use could improve the infiltration capacity. The water movement both on the surface and in the soil determines the water infiltration. This study predicts surface runoff based on the infiltration rate of various land uses and rainfall in the Ciliwung Watershed. A series of studies were performed in the upstream and middle areas of the watershed. Observations of soil properties, water movement, and rainfall were carried out in various dry land uses. The results showed that the soil\u27s physical properties mostly determine the constant infiltration rate, which affected the water movement in the soil. The initial water content, the degree of saturation of the initial moisture content, and the soil\u27s physical properties determine the time of constant infiltration rate. The value of constant rate infiltration and the time of its achievement determine the amount of surface runoff that occurs.
Keywords: hydraulic conductivity, run off, soil management, time achievement of infiltration capacit