Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Seroprevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Rabies pada Anjing di Daerah Endemis Kabupaten Sukabumi
Get PDFSukabumi District is reported to date as an endemic rabies area in West Java Province. In supporting the rabies control programs, the occurrence of rabies needs to be determined to decrease the number of cases. This research aims to determine the seroprevalence of rabies and identify the risk factors associated with rabies in the district. The research was conducted in Jampang Tengah and Cisolok sub-districts with positive rabies cases on dogs and humans. The blood samples were taken from 191 selected dogs using simple random sampling. Rabies antibody titer was measured using ELISA, and the risk factor was identified using selected dogs’ data classified into intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the calculation of the odds ratio. The results showed that the seroprevalence of rabies was 7.9% (4.9-10.9%). The average antibody titer was 0.23 EU with a minimum value of 0.03 EU and a maximum of 0.96 EU. Thus, as high as 7.8% of the population showed rabies seropositivity from the unvaccinated dogs, while among the vaccinated dogs, only 8.0% of the population with rabies protective antibody titer. The significant risk factor of rabies seroprevalence is the typology of raising area (p = 0.003), revealing that the dogs raised in the coastal area had the odds of 5.8 (1.6-21.2) higher to get the rabies seropositivity than the dogs raised in the highland area.
Keywords: antibody titre, dogs, rabies, risk factor, seroprevalenc
Restoring Land and Growing Renewable Energy: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Future Steps
Get PDFPrimary energy demand in Indonesia has rapidly increased, i.e., 43.33% between 2005 and 2016, while domestic energy supply failed to fulfill these needs leading to the reliance on the energy import. Meanwhile, a vast area of degraded land in Indonesia also created an opportunity for biofuel production, fulfilling energy demand, as well as restoring the land with environmental and socio-economic benefits. This paper provides an overview of identified potential and challenges associated with biofuel production from degraded land in Indonesia. Our preliminary findings highlighted that some biofuel species in Indonesia are suitable to grow in degraded land and potentially restore the land that may not be suitable for current agricultural production and/or reforestation. The initial finding also shows that culturally familiar species and stable markets are favorable terms of biofuel-species selection for the landowners. Supportive agricultural-extension services such as knowledge and technology for honey production can provide an added value in this concept, in addition to social (e.g., strengthening social solidarity and employment opportunities) and environmental (e.g., carbon storage, soil moisture, erosion control, and biodiversity) benefits. Meanwhile, to create this overall initiative to be successful, a supportive measure from the policymakers is needed. Further research on the capacity of biofuel species to restore degraded lands in different biophysical profiles. Analysis of biofuel production feedstocks and potential co-benefits viable business models, and the stable market is necessary to maximize benefit from biofuel production and to restore the degraded lands in Indonesia.
Keywords: biofuel production, renewable energy, restorin
Integrasi Pembibitan Tanaman Tebu Tunas Tunggal dan Budi Daya Ikan Lele
Get PDFThis study evaluates the feasibility of integration of the single-bud sugarcane and catfish farming system and the growth rate of both plants and fish. The observation started from September to November 2020. The design used was randomized with one factor. The treatments used were cultivation of single-bud sugarcane in polybags, hydroponic single-bud sugarcane cultivation, integration of single-bud sugarcane-catfish, and catfish cultivation. The results showed that the growth of sugarcane seedlings and the catfish indicate that the integrated cultivation system of sugarcane-catfish is feasible to apply. Such an integration system produces a better number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and root length than the cultivation system of sugarcane seedlings in polybags. The weight of the canopy and the root of sugarcane seedlings in the integration system is also noticeable greater than the sugarcane seedlings cultivated in the polybag. In addition, the rate of catfish growth in the integration system is better than catfish\u27s ordinary cultivation.
Keywords: hydroponic, integration farming system, single bud sugarcane plantin
Identifikasi dan Efektivitas Berbagai Teknik Pengendalian Hama Baru Ulat Grayak Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith pada Tanaman Jagung berbasis PHT- Biointensif
Get PDFThe presence of new pest Spodoptera frugperda J. E. Smith has the potential to reduce corn production, so its existence needs to be controlled. The aim of this research is to obtain control techniques that could reduce the intensity of S. frugiperda pest’s attack. The research was conducted from June to October 2020. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 replications and 3 treatments consisting of non-control (NP), PHT-biointensive (BI), and synthetic pesticides. In BI treatment, neem leaf extract (25 mL/plot) and Beauveria bassiana (6,25 g/plot) were used. Meanwhile, the PS treatment used deltametrin active ingredient (3,125 mL/plot). The volume of spray used was 1,25 L. The results showed that PS control techniques gave the best results in suppressing the intensity of fall armyworm S. frugiperda attacks (0,57%-7,04%) followed by BI treatment (0%-6,89%) and NP (0,97%-8,29%). The highest pest populations overall were found in NP treatment and the lowest in PS treatment. PS treatment provided the highest production result with a cob weight of 18,6 kg/plot (24,81 tons/ha), while BI treatment of 17,00 kg/plot (22,72 tons/ha) and NP of 15,44 kg/plot (20,64 tons/ha). The results of the correlation test between the intensity of pest attacks and production results showed that the higher the pest attack, the lower the harvest weight produced. Therefore, pest control by using synthetic pesticides made from active deltametrin is declared effective in suppressing the intensity of attacks and populations of fall armyworm S. frugiperda and able to provide high production results.
Keywords: corn, intensity of attack, Spodoptera frugiperd
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Ethanolic Extract Leaves
Get PDFThe aim of the current research was to perform phytochemical screening and to know the pathogenic antibacterial activities of senggani leaves extract. Phytochemical screening was done by testing eight active compounds. Antibacterial activities testing was done by using well diffusion method at concentration level of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. Positive control was amoxicillin, while the negative control was aquadest. Meanwhile, pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Research design applied was complete random design, in which the data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, continued by post-hoc test through Tukey method to know which concentration provide the most significant difference. Research results showed that ethanolic extract of senggani leaves has eight active compounds, those are phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins. This further proved that the ethanolic extract of senggani leaves have antibacterial activity and are able to inhibit the growth of all bacteria tested. The best ability shown to inhibit E. coli bacteria was at concentration of 100%, Sh. dysenteriae and P. aeruginosa started at the concentration of 75%, and S. aureus started at the concentration of 50%.
Keywords: active compounds, bacteria growth, inhibition, well diffusio
Kejadian Kasus Penyakit Newcastle di Peternakan Ayam Buras di Kabupaten Barru
Get PDFPenyakit Newcastle Newcastle disease (ND) merupakan penyakit virus pada ayam yang sangat menular dengan tingkat kematian yang tinggi. Kerugian ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh ND adalah kematian ayam dan menurunnya produksi telur pada ayam petelur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis data distribusi penyakit dengan mengukur kecepatan penyebaran penyakit serta menggambarkan distribusi penyakit secara spasial melalui pemetaan risiko kejadian ND pada peternakan ayam buras di Kabupaten Barru. Data diperoleh dari catatan kasus ND milik dinas terkait dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis dengan menghitung tingkat insidensi dan menggambarkan peta risiko menggunakan sistem informasi geografi. Berdasarkan tingkat insidensi, kecepatan rata-rata penyebaran ND pada ayam buras di Kabupaten Barru adalah 13 kasus per 100.000 ekor-tahun. Kejadian penyakit paling tinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Soppeng Riaja dengan tingkat insidensi 14 kasus per 100.000 ekor-tahun, sedangkan tidak ada kejadian di Kecamatan Tanete Riaja. Wilayah berisiko tinggi adalah Kecamatan Soppeng Riaja sehingga langkah-langkah pengendalian perlu lebih ditekankan di wilayah tersebut.
Kata kunci: penyakit Newcastle, tingkat insidensi, pemetaan risiko ayam buras, Kabupaten Barr
Pengaruh Tomat Sambung Pada Intensitas Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), Komponen Hasil Produksi, dan Kualitas Buah
Get PDFRalstonia solanacearum (Smith) is one of soil borne pathogens causes bacterial wilt diseases and R. solanacearum is difficult to control because it has a long survival in the soil and have many hosts alternatives. One alternative to control R. solanacearum and to increase productivity is by using grating with combination of resistant varieties of tomato as a rootstock and high production varieties of tomato as a scion. Several studies on grafting to suppress R. solanacearum were reported. However, study on grafting with combination between resistant tomato varieties (Amelia H7996) and high-production tomato varieties with R. solanacearum infestation and without R. solanacearum infestation on the component of yield and fruit quality is limited. The study aims to analyze the effect of grafting with R. solanacearum infestation to the intensity of bacterial wilt disease, component of yield, and fruit quality with R. solanacearum infestation and without R. solanacearum infestation. The result indicated that the intensity of bacterial wilt disease on grafted tomato did not significantly different from resistant rootstock but significantly different from scion. Infestation of R. solanacearum on grafted tomato can decreased the plant productivity that decreased the component of yield on grafted tomato. R. solanacearum infestation also decreased the fruit quality on diameters and fruit firmness. Nevertheless, R. solanacearum did not affect the Total soluble solid/TSS (°Brix). TSS on grafted tomato indicated that the value is taller than rootstock in the field with R. solanacearum infestation and in the field without R. solanacearum infestation.
Keywords: fruit quality, productivity, Rasltonia solanacearum, tomato grafte
Penilaian Status Kesuburan dan Pengelolaan Tanah Sawah Tadah Hujan di Desa Umbu Pabal Selatan, Kecamatan Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat
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The rain-fed rice fields in Umbu Pabal Selatan Village are agricultural land that is always cultivated every year to meet the food needs of the villagers. Soil fertility is a piece of important information in managing rice fields to increase rice production. This study aims to evaluate the status of soil properties, soil fertility, and the direction of management of rain-sized rice fields in the village. The method used was descriptive exploration surveys with soil samples taken deliberately. Laboratory test results showed that soil pH is classified as acidic, N-total is medium, P-available is low, K-available is very high, cation exchange capacity is high, and C-organic is high. Fertility status is low (96.9 ha), moderate (194.6 ha), and high (160.3 ha). Management direction in improving fertility and nutrient deficiency is by fertilizing and water-logging.
Keywords: rain-fed rice field, soil fertility, South Umbu Pabal Villag
Aplikasi Dosis Vermikompos dan Urea Pada Tanaman Kedelai Varietas Anjasmoro di Tanah Berpasir
Get PDFThe low area for soybean plantation is still a major problem in meeting soybean needs. One of the efforts to increase national soybean production is by expanding the planting area by utilizing the sandy soil area that is still not used for soybean cultivation. This research was conducted from September-November 2020 in a greenhouse of the Agronomy Laboratory, Bengkulu University. This study aims to obtain the best dose of urea and vermicompost for the growth and yield of soybean in sandy soil. The research design used a completely randomized block design with two factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the dose of urea consisting of four levels, namely U0 = 0 kg ha-1, U1 = 50 kg ha-1, U2 = 100 kg ha-1, and U3 = 150 kg ha-1. The second factor was the dose of vermicompost, namely K0 = 0 ton ha-1, K1 = 5 tons ha-1, K2 = 10 ton ha-1, and K3 = 15 ton ha-1. The measured variables were the plant growth and the yield. Soil and vermicompost analyses were carried out before the study. The results showed that there was an interaction between the vermicompost and the urea dosages. The 100 kg ha-1 urea and the 10 ton ha-1 vermicompost treatment gave the highest plant height. The 150 kg ha-1 urea dan the 15 ton ha-1 vermicompost treatment formed the most number of branches. The highest soybean yield was given by 15 ton ha-1 vermicompost and 50 kg ha-1 urea to the total pod and the seed weight.
Keywords: sandy soil, soybean, urea, vermicompos
Analysis of Fire Catchers in Sago Palm Smallholding Plantations on Peatland in Tebing Tinggi Timur, Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Province
Get PDFFire on peatlands takes place not only in areas where preparation for cultivation is in progress, but also in areas that have been cultivated, such as for sago palm growing. One of the important factors that influence the vulnerability of cultivated peatlands to fire is the availability and amount of biomass fuel that easily catches fire, such as ferns, grasses, and broadleaved shrubs in their living as well as dead (litter) stages. The present study concerns the vulnerability of peatland utilized for sago growing by smallholders, focused in Tebing Tinggi Timur, Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Province. The objectives of this study were to analyze the composition and assess the biomass of fire catchers in the sago palm plantation. Data collection was conducted in three locations in Kepau Baru Village. In each location, a 1000 m-long transect line was drawn and 10 sampling plots of 2 m x 2 m were established along the line with 100 m intervals. Results showed that total biomass of fire catchers in this growing system was averaged at 24681 kg/ha, in which the dead plant fraction was predominating (average at 17478 kg/ha or 70.81%) over the living plant fraction (in average 7203 kg/ha or 29.19%). The latter consisted of ferns that averaged at 2.191 kg/ha or 30.42%, grasses (20 kg/ha or 0.28%), non-woody broadleaved shrubs (581 kg/ha or 8.07%), and woody broadleaved shrubs (4411 kg/ha or 61.24%). The amount of fire catchers in relatively large quantities in this plantation system could magnify fire risk during drier months, especially during El-nino years.
Keywords: biomass, fire risk, grasses, non-woody broadleaved shrubs, woody broadleaved shrub