Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Respons Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tomat Terhadap Berbagai Dosis MOL Limbah Buah-Buahan
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the response of growth and productivity of tomato plants to the application of various doses of local microorganisms obtained from fruit waste. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Observation parameters consisted of plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), productivity (grams), and number of fruits. The best application results were at a dose of 30 ml per plant. The parameter of plant height at a dose of 30 ml produced an average of 114.83 cm, the parameter of the number of leaves produced an average of 190.83 strands, then the parameter of the number of fruits produced an average of 7.5 pieces, and the last parameter was the average fruit weight -an average of 446.16 grams. MOL affects the growth and productivity of tomato plants because it contains macro and micro nutrients and contains various microbes that are beneficial to plants.
Keywords: dosage, MOL application, tomato growth, tomato productivit
Karakteristik Mikoriza Arbuskula Tanaman Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) di Lapangan Ternaungi dan Tidak Ternaungi
Get PDFArbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) characteristics of citronella grass in the field have not been reported. This research aimed to study the AM characteristics of citronella grass grown in unshaded and shaded fields. The roots of citronella grass were collected from citronella grass plantations in Cianjur, West Java. The root samples were analyzed for AM structures, namely entry points, intercellular hyphae, arbuscules, and vesicles. The results showed that the citronella grass form AM colonization. The quality of root colonization differed between the two cultivation systems. The unshaded citronella grass had higher root colonization compared to shaded citronella grass. In the unshaded citronella grass, the number of arbuscules was 7 per cm of root length, whereas in the shaded citronella grass was 4 per cm of root length. The types of arbuscules observed were arum and intermediate. There were no differences in the number of entry points in the two cultivated systems, which was 3,5 entry points per cm of root length. The numbers of vesicles and internal hyphae in unshaded citronella grass were lower than that of in the shaded citronella grass. In the unshaded citronella grass, the number of vesicles and intracellular hyphae were 1,5 and 8,5 per cm root length, whereas in the shaded citronella grass were 3,5 and 11 per cm root length, respectively. Shading plants grown in the field were bamboo, banana, coffee, tea, and sugar palm. All the shading plants formed AM symbiosis with a colonization value of 7 to 30%. This research indicates that arbuscular mycorrhiza is an important component in the citronella grass cultivation in unshaded and shaded fields.
Keywords: Arbuscule, entry point, intercellular hyphae, root colonization, vesicl
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Analisis Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol dari Daun Paku Sarang Burung (Asplenium nidus)
Get PDFInfectious diseases caused by microbes are increasing; the growth of microbes can be inhibited by using antibiotics. Continuous and inappropriate use of antibiotics causes microbes to become resistant. The resistance can be reduced by finding new sources of antibiotics, one of which is from the bird nest fern (Asplenium nidus). This study aimed to determine the potency and concentration of A. Nidus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659. The extract was prepared using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Phytochemical tests include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and quinones. The minimum inhibitory concentration test was carried out on 12 treatments with three replications; the antimicrobial effectiveness test was carried out on seven treatments with five replications using the disc diffusion method. Phytochemical test results showed A. Nidus contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. A. nidus extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of the testing pathogenic bacteria, with the most effective concentration on P. aeruginosa of 45% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,16 mm, on E. Coli started of 55% with an inhibitory zone was about 13,68 mm, on B. Subtilis of 65% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,80 mm and S. aureus was 75% with an inhibitory zone of 11,96 mm.
Keywords: antibiotics, Asplenium nidus, Infectious diseas
Model Pengembangan Pembiayaan Syariah Sektor Pertanian di Provinsi Aceh: Suatu Telaah Soft System Methodology
Get PDFThe agricultural sector is the largest sector for economic output in Aceh which also dominates the largest number of workers in Aceh. The Aceh government needs to establish strategic steps to formulate financing in the sector as stipulated in the agricultural regulations based on Qanun Number 11 of 2018 about Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS). This research is designed to formulate system for developing Islamic financing in the agricultural sector after the implementation of Qanun Number 11 of 2018 about LKS in Aceh with soft systems methodology (SSM) approach. This study has resulted a conceptual model of the Islamic financing strategy for the agricultural sector in Aceh Province. Based on the results of the review of the conceptual framework using the SSM approach, strategies that can be performed for implementation of Islamic agricultural finance are the Islamic financial product strategy, Islamic agricultural financing institutional strategy, local and central government communication strategies, and human resource development strategy. This study recommends that the Government of Aceh needs to prepare regulatory policies, Islamic financial product schemes, and institutions in strengthening the implementation of Islamic financing based on the agricultural sector in Aceh.
Keywords: islamic financing, agriculture, soft systems methodology, Qanun LK
Diversity and Distribution of Phaeophyta Macroalgae in Pedalen Coastal Waters, Kebumen
Get PDFPedalen Beach, Kebumen, has a type of water substrate consists of sand, coral fragments, and coral overgrown with macroalgae. This study aims to determine the species diversity and distribution pattern of Phaeophyta found in that waters. This research is to explore and utilize macroalgae as a sustainable alginate resource. This study uses a survey method, employing the line transect method randomly. The research variables were species diversity and the distribution pattern of Phaeophyta. The main parameters were the number of species and individuals of each species. Supporting parameters include current velocity, nitrate content, brightness, depth, tide, salinity, temperature, and pH. The data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) to determine the level of species diversity and the Morisita distribution index (Id) to describe the distribution pattern of macroalgae species. We found five Phaeophyta species consisting of Padina australis, Dictyota dichotoma, Turbinaria ornata, Sargassum crassifolium, and S. polycystum. The diversity of Phaeophyta is classified as low diversity index value (H’) with distribution patterns of uniform macroalgae species. The results of the measurement of physical and chemical factors of the waters showed that the condition of the Pedalen Beach waters was quite good for the growth of Phaeophyta.
Keywords: alginate, macroalgae species, Phaeophyta, water substrat
Karakteristik dan Evaluasi Prebiotik Tepung Biji Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden)
Get PDFThis study aims to carry out chemical characterization and evaluate the prebiotic potential of cempedak (Arthocarpun champeden) seed flour. Cempedak seeds were processed by boiling and roasting, then dried and grinded. Boiled cempedak seed flour (BCF), roasted cempedak flour (RCF), and untreated cempedak seed flour (UCF) were analyzed proximately and measured the profiles of total starch and undigestable carbohydrates, which included resistant starch, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Resistant starch content increased significantly (p<0.05) from 8% in UCF to 19% in BCF and RCF. Boiling and roasting treatments caused a decrease in SDF levels and an increase in IDF levels. The resistance of starch to hydrolysis by artificial gastric acid decreased after boiling. The value of prebiotic effect (PE) and prebiotic index (PI) showed a positive value of UCF on the growth of L. plantarum 1-S27202 (PE 0.27; PI 0.68) and the BCF on the growth of L. rhamnosus R23 (PE 0.18; PI 0.44).
Keywords: Artocarpus champeden, chempedak seeds, resistant starch, dietary fiber, prebioti
Isolasi dan Respons Tumbuh Cendawan Mutualistik Akar pada Beberapa Tanaman Pangan dan Kehutanan
Get PDFThe study aims to isolate and test the effectiveness of mutualistic root symbiont fungi isolates from the roots of rubber plants grown in marginal acidic soil plantations in increasing the growth of food crops and forestry plants. The fungal were isolated by root surface sterilization methods. We obtained 19 fungal isolates consisting of 8 genera, namely Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, and mycelia sterilia. All isolates were subjected to a pathogenicity test on the Centrosema pubescens plant. Five out of the 19 fungal isolates increased plant growth and showed no disease symptoms, and the Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 isolate showed the best response. The isolate was further analyzed to assess the growth response of food crops (rice and corn) and forestry plants (Acacia auriculiformis and Paraserianthes falcataria). The treatments consisted of 3 phosphate (P) concentrations, namely 20%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended field applications. The combination of mutualistic fungal inoculation of Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 and 50% P concentration exhibited the highest biomass growth response compared to other treatments. This finding can provide basic information for developing fungal-based fertilizers to increase the productivity of food crops and forestry plants on sub-optimal land.
Keywords: food crops, phosphate fertilizer, forestry trees, plant growth improvement, root mutualistic fung
Insidensi dan Risiko Penularan Avian Influenza pada Peternakan Ayam Petelur di Kabupaten Pinrang
Get PDFAvian Influenza (AI) is an infectious disease on poultry with a high mortality rate, caused by Avian Influenza type A viruses from the family Orthomyxoviridae. For the layer chicken, the negative impacts of AI are the decrease of egg production until the death. The aims of the study were to analyze disease’s case data, measure the spread of disease, describe the distribution of disease, and mapping the risk of AI occurrence. The data were collected from the records of Dinas Peternakan dan Perkebunan by conducting interviews using the structured questionnaires. The data were analysed by calculating the incidence rate and performing a geographic information system (GIS) for mapping. The results showed that the highest incidence rate among sub-districts for 3 years was in Mattiro Sompe sub-district of 2.015 cases per 10.000 animals-year, while the lowest incidence rate among 3 sub-districts for 3 years was in Duampanua, Lanrisang, and Mattiro Bulu sub-districts of 0 case per 10.000 animals-year. The highrisk district was Mattiro Sompe Subdistrict, so that the control measures need to be emphasized in this area by increasing the biosecurity practices, depopulation and stamping out in new infected area, vaccination, surveillance, routine socialization, monitoring, and provide additional animal health facilities and human resources, especially the veterinarians, to optimize the disease control measures.
Keywords: Avian Influenza (AI), incidence rate, layer chicken, Pinrang distric
Perbandingan Teknologi Pengeringan Kopra dengan Metode Indeks Kinerja Komposit
Get PDFThe drying performance technology is one of the most critical operations in copra production. This study aims to identify various drying methods in copra production and determine the best copra drying method based on the criteria of drying operation, environmental impact, and copra product quality. The research was carried out with the stage of identifying the drying methods of copra through literature studies and secondary data collection and continued with the stage of determining the best drying method using the composite performance index (CPI) method. Of nine drying methods, six range were identified as coconut processing scale 20–1200 kg, copra drying temperature 40–70°C, drying time 7.9-48 hours, drying rate 1.05–5.70%/hour, energy use 110.7–32140 kJ/kg-product, and the emission of 0.1–34.074 kg-CO2/kg-product. The nine methods of drying copra produce good quality copra based on copra product standards. Based on the calculation of alternative values using the CPI method, it has been shown that the best drying method was using a dryer with a drying temperature of 68°C and a drying rate of 5.70 %/hour. This drying method uses the energy of 14824 kJ/kg product and produces an emission value of 1.25 kg-CO2/kg product. The copra produced by this drying method gives 5% moisture, 60% oil, and 1% free fatty acid.
Keywords: coconut, composite performance index, copra, drying technolog
Perilaku Mencari Polen dan Identifikasi Polen Tetragonula laeviceps pada dua Kebun Tanaman Obat
Get PDFUnit Konservasi Budidaya Biofarmaka (UKBB) and Kampoeng Djamoe Organik Martha Tilaar (KaDO) are two medicinal plantation that possibly as resources for stingless bees nectar and pollen. This study was aimed to describe the foraging behavior of Tetragonula laeviceps in medicinal plantations, determine the plant species which become the pollen resources, and the distance between the colony and medicinal plants. Observation on foraging behavior were divided into three activities, i.e. flying out from the nest, returning the nest with pollen, and returning the nest without pollen. We found a similar pattern of numbers of bees returning to the nest with pollen in both UKBB and KaDO that occurred in the morning with the highest between 9 and 10 am and gradually decreased in the afternoon. The bees in UKBB showed highly number flying out from the nest in around 3 pm which might be the activites of resin collection. We identified 11 and 16 pollen types at the UKBB and the KaDO, respectively. The pollen in both locations are from the families Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Clusiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, and Sapindaceae. Our results revealed that the distance range of medicinal plants from the bees hives was 13.4-113,3 m. Thus, this data indicate that the hives should be located in the distance of the bee forage. The medicinal pollen identified in the T. laeviceps pollen pot confirmed the role of the bees as the ecosystem service in the medicinal plantations.
Keywords: foraging range, medicinal plants, pollination, pollen, Tetragonul