Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
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Skrining dan Identifikasi Bakteri Laut Penghasil Enzim Selulase yang Berasosiasi dengan Spons
Get PDFMarine bacteria associated with sponges can be used as a source of new enzymes, especially cellulase which are potentially used for various industries. The aim of this study was to screen and identify the cellulolytic bacteria associated with sponges. A total of 38 isolates have been successfully isolated from sponges Aaptos sp., Euryspongia sp., and Haliclona sp. by a spread plate method. Amongst 38 isolates, 14 (37%) showed cellulolytic activities in carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) medium with a cellulolytic index ranging from 0.31 to 1.63. The three highest cellulolytic index was exhibited by bacterial isolates coded Y.5.10, Y.5.11, and Y.40.6. Isolates Y.5.10, Y.5.11, and Y.40.6 showed cellulolytic activity of 0.0053 U/mL; 0.0083 U/mL; and 0.0124 U/mL, respectively, as were tested by spectrophotometry. The highest specific enzymatic activity was showed by isolate Y.40.6 with a value of 0.3391 U/mg. Based on 16S rRNA gene, isolate Y.5.10, Y.5.11, and Y.40.6 were highly similar to (similarity ≥ 99%) Bacillus sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus, respectively.
Keywords: cellulase, isolation, sponge-associated bacteria, 16S rRN
Alternatif Pengembangan Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat pada Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan KPH Cepu
Get PDFCommunity Forest Management (PHBM) in KPH Cepu was initiated in 2002 with the involvement of the Wana Amerta Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH). Management involvement is not only in the use of the area for intercropping agriculture but also in nature tourism. However, nature tourism management is not optimal due to limited access, facilities, and attractions. This study aims to identify a management system, estimate the economic benefits of PHBM LMDH Wana Amerta and analyze the potential development of nature tourism in Kedungpupur at LMDH Wana Amerta. The methods used were the descriptive method, income analysis, and the contingent valuation method. The results show that the PHBM management system uses a profit-sharing system. Profit-sharing varies based on the type of utilization where the agreement is contained in the Cooperation Agreement. Total economic benefits for the community from PHBM is IDR12,907,551,780/year, where the most significant benefit (99.51%) is from non-timber forest products, and the rest is from tourism services. The overall value of PHBM benefits can meet 70.72% of household expenditure needs. The utilization of nature tourism services is prospective to be developed to increase the economic benefits of CBFM. If the facilities are improved, photo spots and outbound attractions are provided, tourists are willing to pay a tourist fare from IDR5,000 to IDR26,563.
Keywords: nature tourism services, LMDH, economic benefits, PHBM, willingness to pa
Biopotensi Bakteri Entomopatogen Isolat Lokal sebagai Pengendali Hayati Larva Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Get PDFThe use of insecticides in the intensive control of Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars increases the environmental deterioration, the natural enemies, and threatening the user\u27s health. The study aims to isolate, characterize, and determine the biological potential of local isolates of entomopathogen bacteria as the biological controlling agent on H. armigera larvae. Bacterial isolation was performed using a serial dilution followed by bacterial macroscopic and microscopic characterizations. A total of eight entomopathogen bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from this study, namely IBE 01, IBE 02, IBE 03, IBE 04, IBE 05, IBE 06, IBE 07, and IBE 08 with diverse morphological characters. The dead larvae generally showed soft, blackish/brownish, smelly, and watery characteristics. Characteristics due to infection with entomopathogen IBE 04 bacteria show the body of larvae that are soft, reddish, and smelly. The treatment of IBE 07 isolates results in the body of the dead larvae being easily ruptured, reddish, and smelly. The percentage of IBE on the mortality of H. armigera larvae is > 50%. The isolates with the highest percentage of killing the larvae were IBE 04 and IBE 07, at 94% and 88%, respectively.
Keywords: biocontrol, larvicide, entomopathogenic bacteria, Helicoverpa armiger
Pengaruh Mononatrium Glutamat pada Pertumbuhan, Tanah, dan Hasil Bayam Hijau (Amaranthus gangeticus)
Get PDFThis study aims to influence the use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on soil chemical properties and the growth and yield of green spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) on Silabukan soil. Spinach is grown in polybags with six types of MSG treatment: without MSG (control), with 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 g, with three repetitions. This study used a Complete Randomized Design, and the differences between treatments were analyzed using the least significant difference and Duncan methods. Observations were made under the auspices of rain at the Faculty of Agriculture Lestari, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, for four weeks. The parameters recorded are the components of plant growth, namely the circumference of the trunk, the number of leaves, the height of the tree, as well as the yield components in the form of wet weights and dry weights. The parameters of soil properties selected are soil pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, cation exchange rate, available-phosphorus, carbon content, hydrogen content, and aluminum exchange, taken before and after planting. Based on the analysis, the use of MSG negatively affects the growth and yield of green spinach. On the other hand, the control treatment showed very high growth and yield. Therefore, using MSG is not recommended to increase the growth and yield of green spinach grown in Silabukan soil. However, MSG increases the soil\u27s pH, electrical conductivity, and salinity.
Keywords: Amaranthus gangeticus, agricultural soil, green spinach, soil fertility, soil p
Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Tanaman Singkong (Manihot esculenta) di Tanah Inceptisol Bogor
Get PDFCassava is widely grown in Inceptisol. As agricultural land, the soil has several problems, i.e., high soil acidity, easily leached soil surface layers, unstable soil aggregates, and slow permeability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with over 80% of higher plant species. However, the effectiveness of AMF on cassava has not been widely reported. This study aimed to determine the effect of AMF inoculants on the vegetative growth of cassava in Inceptisol. The AMF inoculants used were Gigaspora sp., Glomus manihotis, and a consortium of Acaulospora tuberculata and Glomus rubiforme. The experiment was performed in a Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments and 3 replications, i.e., M1 = G. manihotis; M2 = Gigaspora sp.; M3 = consortium of A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme; M4 consortium of G. manihotis-Gigaspora sp.; M5 consortium of G. manihotis-A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme; M6 consortium of A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme-Gigaspora sp.; and M7 consortium of G. manihotis-A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme-Gigaspora sp.; and control (as recommended dose of NPK fertilizers). In the AMF application treatment, 75% of the recommended NPK fertilizer was applied, thus saving 25% from the control. A total of 50 AMF spores were applied to each cassava plant and maintained for 8 weeks. The data were analyzed using the RStudio 4.1.1 program. The results showed that all treatments with AMF gave various effectiveness and could compete with the indigenous AMF. AMF application significantly increased the vegetative growth of cassava grown in Inceptisols, i.e., shoot and root dry weight, root length, P-uptake, and percentage of root infection. Application of G. manihotis and the consortium of A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme-Gigaspora sp. effectively increased cassava plants\u27 growth for 8 weeks in Inceptisol. The AMF application could save 25% on the use of NPK fertilizers.
Keywords: Acaulospora, cassava, Gigaspora, Glomus, fertilizer, mycorrhiza
Identifikasi dan Kekerabatan Rhizobia Pohon Mangium dan Sengon Berdasarkan nodD1 dan nifH
Get PDFRhizobia from legumes Acacia mangium (Mangium) and Paraserianthes falcataria (Sengon) have often been isolated and studied for their applications to plants, but studies on the nod and nif genes are still lacking. Even though this plant were often used as a source of paper raw materials and reforestation plants. The aim of this study was to define the genetic relationship of a group of potential strains isolated from tropical legume trees in terms of 16S rRNA, nodD1, and nifH genes. This research method includes the selection of isolates based on the main character of Rhizobiales, to isolate the 16S rRNA, nodD1, and nifH genes from the selected isolates, and to construct a phylogeny tree based on the isolated genes. Two rhizobia were selected based on a selection test, namely DCM 212 from A. mangium and DF13 from P. falcataria. DCM 212 isolate was identified as having the closest similarity to Rhizobium multihospitium CC-13H. The isolate of DF13 had high similarity with Bradyrhizobium elkanii based on 16S rRNA, nodD1, and nifH. The degenerative primer pairs used in this study could not detect nodD1 gene from DCM 212 isolate.
Keywords: Bradyrhizobium, phylogeny, rhizobiu
NPK 15-10-12 dengan Pengisi Abu Terbang: Pengembangan Pupuk dan Pengujian pada Tomat
Get PDFPT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (PSP) produces 1,222 tons fly ash per month from the operation of a coal boiler with a capacity of 1x23 MW. Fly ash has potential physical properties and mineral content. The Government Regulation No.22 of 2021, which classifies fly ash as a non-B3 waste, open up opportunities to utilize fly ash in a fertilizer product. In this project, the development of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer with fly ash as a filler and fertilizer testing on tomato plants has been conducted. The use of fly ash as a filler in the granulation process has no effect on crushing strength and nutrient content of N, P, and K. The effects of using fly ash in the granulation process are in the consumption of water and in the granule drying process. The greater the ratio of fly ash the more water needed in the granulation process and eventually causes an increase in the moisture content in the final product. From the results of fertilizer test on tomato plants on the parameters of plant height, plant diameter, and fruit weight, the use of NPK with fly ash-filler did not give a significant difference compared to the use of NPK without fly ash. The use of fly ash as a filler also does not give any influence on the content of heavy metals in the fruit of tomato. Increase in pH of soil are observed in fertilization to NPK 15-10-12 using fly ash fillers.
Keywords: fly ash, granulation, NPK Fertilizer, tomatoe
Nutrition Value and Phytochemical Screening of Gembolo (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) Bulbils and Tubers from Bogor, West Java
Get PDFGembolo is often cultivated in tropical areas, mainly for its bulbils (edible aerial bulbs) and tubers. This study will discuss the nutritional value and phytochemical screening of gembolo bulbils and tubers from Bogor, West Java. There is still little information and publication about this gembolo bulbils and tubers. In addition, to reintroduce and preserve this rare plant. The research was done by exploration, direct observation, and interview, followed by laboratory analysis and literature. The methods used in the proximate analysis include moisture content (AOAC), ash content (gravimetric), fat content (soxhlet), protein content (Kjeldahl), fibre (gravimetry), and carbohydrates as starch (titrimetry). Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively. The proximate test results showed that bulbils had higher water, fat, and fibre content than bottom tubers. Bottom tubers have higher ash, protein, and carbohydrates as starch content than bulbils. This confirms the assumption that bottom tubers are more recommended as a source of food than bulbils and because of their larger size than bulbils. The results of phytochemical screening showed that both bulbils and gembolo bottom tubers contained the same chemical compounds, namely alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides.
Keywords: bulbil, Dioscorea, gembolo, proximate, tube
Pemodelan Habitat Potensial Tumbuhan Lebah Apis dorsata di Membalong, Belitung
Get PDFThe forest becomes a habitat for honey bees to carry capacity for the supply of feed sources. Apis dorsata requires the availability of plants for supplying nectar and pollen. Traditional system in Belitung uses rafters for the efficiency of honey harvesting. Studies about preference habitats for bee forage become important to perform conservation of the honey bees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to (1) identify the composition, structure distribution patterns and vegetation profiles, (2) identify the area of the appropriate habitat model and environmental variables that influence the carrying capacity to provide bee forage of A. dorsata. Purposive sampling was used to analyze vegetation structure, distribution patterns, and vegetation profiles. The determination of the distribution of species is obtained from the Morishita index. We used MaxEnt for species distribution modeling to predict the potential plant habitat of bee plants. Our results showed that five most highest-importance plants. Myrtaceae is a family with dominant compositions and INP such as Melaleuca cajuputi, Tristaniopsis obovata, and Eugenia leptantha. The structure of other families such as Theaceae (Schima wallichii), and Clusiaceae (Calophyllum pulcherrimum), are the species that have the highest importance. The pattern of distribution of bee forage is clumped. The canopy cover around the honeycomb area tends to be relatively open. Based on the modeling habitat, categories with very appropriate for the presence of bee forage not spread throughout Membalong Regency with a percentage of the area (4.86%) and in the buffer zone (10.53%), environmental variables that influence the distribution are temperature seasonality, maximum temperature warmest month, slope, precipitation on warmest quarter and soil ph.
Keywords: habitat modeling, rafter, spatial distribution, vegetation analysis, vegetation profile
Deteksi Alih Fungsi Lahan Padi Sawah Menggunakan Sentinel-2 dan Google Earth Engine di Kota Serang, Provinsi Banten
Get PDFLand is one of the main factors in rice production. However, the transfer of agricultural land functions to other sectors continues and becomes a challenge in the food supply in Indonesia. Serang City is one of the rice-producing areas in Banten Province. This study aims to analyze changes in the transfer of rice field functions to other sectors by mapping rice field cover using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in 2021 compared to 2019 with the Random Forest method by using Google Earth Engine (GEE) applications and cloud computing support. The study results showed that the cover of rice fields in Serang City in 2021 decreased by 602.87 ha (-7.20%) compared to 2019 from the total land cover. Land cover in other vegetation was also reduced by 242 ha (-2.45%), while urban land cover in 2021 increased by 781.82 ha (10.89%). This study shows that there has been a change in land transfer in Serang City due to urban expansion in 3 years, as well as that the use of GEE can streamline monitoring of changes in land transfer and land use cover.
Keywords: rice field, Google Earth Engine, Sentinel-